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The 1600’s were a turbulent period of Swedish history. War, the effects of confession-building and the growing influence of the privy council marked the first half of the century. The purpose of this essay is to analyse how God was invoked in the Swedish privy council protocols during 1621-1636 and to determine the function of these invocations. With a theoretical starting pointin the term political culture, I argue that God was invoked as part of a system of symbols that gave, for instance, meaning to politics and society. By categorizing all instances that the members of the privy council and other invited individuals spoke of God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit (with a focus on God in particular) I found seven larger functions in the use of God in theprotocols. In summary they exercise a soothing and reassuring, confirming, class and order maintaining, guiding, and a meaning creating function. They also function to assert one’s position and safety and as a mode of expression. This asserts the role of religion in the political culture and how intertwined they were.

The purpose of this essay is to take a historic look at how women and men are portrayed in war. I also want to try to shine a light on the common people that don’t belonged topsheet and how this has changed over time. To narrow my research down I have chosen to take a look at two wars, The Thirty Years' War and The First World War. This is a comparative study regarding how men and women are portrayed in educational material in the Swedish school system, which ranges from 1934 to 2018 The questions I used in my study were; how has the different gender roles been portrayed throughout history and is there any change over time? How do common people get portrayed in the educational material belong to and is there any change over time? The results point towards men taking up a majority in the material that I have studied, but there seem to have been a change in time and that the change started to take place around 1980s, this also applies to the common people. In the material published in the 2000s you notice a change away from men and women in commanding positions such as kings, emperors and generals. My research has shown clear signs that both men and women from lower social classes takes up more room in the modern educational material used in the Swedish schools, and that gender roles has started to change.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka roller Axel Oxenstierna och Johan Adler Salvius hade i det fredsförberedande arbetet inför och under fredskongressen i Westfalen, men även att utifrån Salvius brev till Oxenstierna undersöka hur deras relation såg ut under den aktuella tidsperioden. De uppgifter som framkommer i Salvius brevväxling till Oxenstierna angående deras relation, samt deras roller och uppgifter under de fredsförberedande åren 1643-1648 kommer därefter att analyseras och jämföras med hur detta har skildrats av historieskrivarna Gunnar Wetterberg och Sune Lundgren. De resultat som studien har frambringat visar på att både Oxenstierna och Salvius var innehavare av mycket centrala roller i det fredsförberedande arbetet, samt att deras tidigare relativt nära relation till varandra försämrades något under åren 1643-1648.

Uppsatsen behandlar propagandabilder under det trettioåriga kriget föreställandes Gustav II Adolf. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur bilden av Gustav II Adolf konstrueras under det trettioåriga kriget från 1630 till 1633 och hur propagandabilderna fungerar som identitetsskapande medel. Uppsatsen behandlar bilderna utifrån ett sociologiskt perspektiv.  Bilden av Gustav II Adolf konstrueras delvis för att fungera som en central protestantisk enande gestalt under hans levnad, en martyr efter hans död och en legitimering för fortsatt svensk närvaro i det trettioåriga kriget. Genom att definiera vilka attribut och egenskaper fienden hade kunde man skapa en motbild till Gustav II Adolf som hjälper till att konstruera bilden av den svenska kungen.