Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marcatojunior_j_me_prud.pdf: 903571 bytes, checksum: 62292812258f036e4d436b5a33074ae6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A partir da década de 1970, com o início dos programas espaciais civis para fins de sensoriamento remoto, foi possível observar, fotografar e analisar a Terra a partir de dados gerados por plataformas orbitais. Atualmente, embora os sistemas orbitais sejam equipados com sensores de orientação direta (GNSS, giroscópios, sensores de estrelas, dentre outros), nem sempre as imagens corrigidas a partir dos dados (efemérides e atitude) provenientes destes sensores apresentam a acurácia requerida para certas aplicações. Para solucionar este problema é necessário orientar indiretamente estas imagens com elementos de controle no espaço objeto (pontos, retas e/ou áreas) ou corrigir os parâmetros orbitais a partir destes elementos de controle. O objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste em estudar, adaptar e avaliar experimentalmente modelos matemáticos rigorosos para a Fototriangulação de imagens orbitais utilizando pontos e retas como controle de campo. Os modelos matemáticos que relacionam os espaços objeto e imagem se baseiam nas condições de colinearidade (pontos) e coplanaridade (retas). Estes modelos foram implementados no programa TMS, seguindo a abordagem de triangulação multissensor com controle multi-feições. As entidades do espaço objeto (pontos e retas) foram levantadas em campo com o uso de um receptor GNSS de dupla frequência. Foram realizados experimentos com dados simulados e reais referentes ao sensor CBERS-2B HRC. Nos casos estudados, não houve melhora significativa nos resultados ao aplicar a Fototriangulação em bloco, quando comparado à orientação individual das imagens. Verificou-se também que a combinação dos modelos de colinearidade (pontos) e coplanaridade (retas)... / Earth observation and analysis became feasible since the 70s with the civil spatial programs for remote sensing purpose. Nowadays, orbital imaging systems are equipped with direct orientation sensors. However, the images corrected using the orientation data (ephemeris and attitude) provided by these sensors are not always suitable for applications that require high metric accuracy. As a consequence, it is necessary to estimate indirectly the orientation elements of these images using ground control elements in the object space (points, lines and area), or to correct the orbital parameters using these control elements. The aim of this work is to study, adapt and experimentally assess rigorous bundle block adjustment models for orbital imagery using points and lines as control elements. The mathematical models relating object and image spaces are based on collinearity (points) and coplanarity (lines) conditions. The models were implemented in the in-house developed software TMS (Triangulation with Multiple Sensors), considering the multissensor triangulation with multifeatures control (points and lines) approach. The object space entities were surveyed with a dual-frequency GNSS receiver. Experiments with simulated and real data from the CBERS-2B HRC sensor were accomplished. The results showed that applying the bundle block adjustment... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

A posição filosófica chamada de externismo semântico caracteriza-se pela tese segundo a qual a individuação do conteúdo de estados mentais deve recorrer a fatores que não podem ser localizados na região geralmente circunscrita pela noção mesma de mente. Tal tese implica, em todo caso, que a suposta interioridade da vida psicológica não se basta para tornar inteligível as condições de possibilidade que o pensamento conceitual requer. Assim, se fatores externos aos indivíduos são vistos como desempenhando uma contribuição decisiva na própria determinação de seu conteúdo mental, isto é algo que torna necessário compreender em que sentido mente e mundo podem ser tomados como intrinsecamente relacionados. A aposta teórica do presente trabalho é a de que apenas uma concepção da individuação liberada dos grilhões substancialistas permite fornecer um solo ontológico fértil para uma teoria externista do conceito. Daí que a noção de triangulação, que Donald Davidson forjou para dar conta de alguns fatores cruciais na gênese da conceitualidade, seja lida a partir de filosofias que ressaltam o caráter decisivo da vida como referencialidade fundamental do conceito. Logo, é na ordem vital que se busca dissolver os impasses ligados à origem da normatividade e à dualidade entre interno e externo, oposição a partir da qual a subjetividade desde muito tempo tem sido pensada. / The philosophical position called semantic externalism is characterized by the thesis according to which the individuation of the content of mental states must make reference to traits that cannot be placed inside the sphere usually circumscribed by the very notion of mind. Such a thesis implies, anyway, that the supposed interiority of the psychological life is not enough to make intelligible the conditions that conceptual thought requires. If factors external to individuals are seen as entertaining a decisive contribution in the very determination of their mental content, that is makes it necessary to understand in what sense mind and world can be taken as intrinsically related. The theoretical bet of the present thesis is that only a conception of individuation free from the substantialist commitments can provide a fertile ontological ground to an externalist theory of the concept. In this sense, the notion of triangulation, that Donald Davidson has forged to explain some crucial elements in the genesis of conceptuality, is read from the standpoint of philosophies that highlight the decisive character of life as fundamental referentiality of the concept itself. So, it is in the vital order that some deadlocks concerning the origins of normativity and the inner outer duality structural opposition under which from a long time subjectivity is thought upon, are dissolved.

This thesis introduces a method for contact-free optical audio reconstruction of phonograph records using laser triangulation. The reconstruction is done using a 3D-profile camera and by scanning the surface of record in a single circumference. The depth-map created by the camera is then used to decode the audio information stored in the record. To evaluate the quality of the decoded audio information, it is tested against digital copies of the same record in order to analyze the correlation between it and the extracted sound. The result of this thesis presents a decoded and high correlated audio which is recognizable to an original digital copy. The method is well suited for fast real-time or faster than real-time decoding implementations.

In this thesis, we will present examples of Voronoi diagrams that are not tessellations. Moreover, we will find sufficient conditions on subspaces of E2, S2 and the Poincaré disk and the sets of sites that guarantee that the Voronoi diagrams are pre-triangulations. We will also study g-spaces, which are metric spaces with ‘extendable’ geodesics joining any 2 points and give properties for a set of sites in a g-space that again guarantees that the Voronoi diagram is a pre-triangulation.

This thesis aims to investigate a triangulation system for indoor positioning in two dimensions (2D). The system was implemented using three Pixy2 vision sensors placed on a straight baseline. A Pixy2 consists of a camera lens and an image sensor (Aptina MT9M114) as well as a microcontroller (NXP LPC4330), and other components. It can track one or multiple colours, or a combination of colours.  To position an object using triangulation, one needs to determine the angles (α) to the object from a pair of known observing points (i.e., any pair of the three Pixy2s' placed in fixed positions on the baseline in this project). This is done from the Pixy2s' images. Using the Pinhole Camera Model, the tangent of the angle, tan(α), is found to have a linear relation with the displacement Δx in the image plane (in pixels), namely, tan(α) = k Δx, where k is a constant depending on the specific Pixy2. A wooden test board was made specially to determine k for all the Pixy2s. It had distance marks made in two dimensions and had a Pixy2 affixed at the origin. By placing a coloured object at three different sets of spatial sampling points (marks), the constant k for each Pixy2 was determined with the error variance of < 5%. Position estimations of the triangulation system were conducted using all three pairs formed from the three Pixy2s and placing the positioned object at different positions in the 2D plane on the board. A combination using estimation values from all three pairs to make a more accurate estimate was also evaluated. The estimation results show the positioning accuracy ranging from 0.03678 cm to 2.064 cm for the z-coordinate, and from 0.02133 cm to 0.9785 cm for the x-coordinate, which are very satisfactory results.      The vision sensors were quite sensitive to the light environment when finely tuned to track one object, which therefore has a significant effect on the performance of the vision sensor-based triangulation.      An extension of the system to use more than three Pixy2s has been looked into and shown to be feasible. A method for auto-calibrating the Pixy2s' positions on the baseline was suggested and implemented. After auto-calibration, the system still performed satisfactory position estimations.

Following thesis regards itself with Voronoi diagram creation in 3D using a graphics card. It focuses on and compares certain algorithms that construct the diagram when given set of points in space. For this purpose there have been two algorithms implemented.  First one creates Delaunay tetrahedralization using parallel splitting and flipping of present tetrahedra. Then it transforms it into a Voronoi diagram. The second algorithms utilizes planes to cut a mesh until required shapes are created.  Testing shows the advantages and disadvantages of these algorithms and their relative performance. Main takeaway from this work for these algorithms is the relative sensitivity of the second method to the use of inappropriate shape in relation to given set of points. For the other algorithm its slower start and relative unsuitability for use with smaller sets of points is apparent, but it is greatly optimized for big sets.

This study examined the Bowenian notion that triangulation is precipitated by the interaction between a person's level of differentiation-of-self and the amount of chronic familial emotional anxiety. Another aspect of this study was to examine the relationship between marital quality and child triangulation. The sample for this study was taken from the Flourishing Families project and included only the families that indicated marriage as their relationship status, resulting in a total of 336 families with a target child between the ages of 11 and 14. Initial bivariate analysis indicated that differentiation-of-self, and family stress would be associated with child triangulation. Upon further examination using structural equation modeling, findings indicate that neither differentiation-of-self nor family stress are associated with child triangulation. However, marital quality was highly negatively associated with differentiation-of-self and moderately negatively associated with child triangulation.

Meteors are light events appearing in the sky, looking like strips of light. A meteor occurs when a space object, a meteoroid, enters the earth’s atmosphere at high velocity and starts to glow. Meteor triangulation is an important part in astronomical research, by mapping streams of material in our solar system the knowledge about the solar system is extended. By making measurements with meteor cameras and calculate the meteors trajectories with triangulation methods, the meteors origin in space can be derived. Previous research has shown that by including time measurements, and not only use triangulation techniques with spatial measurements, the trajectory for a meteor can be calculated more accurately. This project seeks to explore if including the time information from the Swedish meteor data would create more precise solutions for the meteor’s paths through the atmosphere. This was done by investigating how the time variable can be implemented and running the Swedish 2020 Perseid data through the algorithm that implements the time variable. The accuracy of the methods is determined by how exact the Perseids radiant position is calculated and also by looking at the computed velocities for the meteor events. The results from this project show that the time variable should be considered in the Swedish meteor triangulation algorithm. With inclusion of the time variable, the radiant position of the Perseids can be more closely determined and the velocities for the meteors are in the expected range for Perseid meteors. But it turns out that the timestamps between the meteor cameras are not synchronized, which means that time offsets between the stations are required. / Meteorer är ljusfenomen som kan ses på natthimlen, de ser ut som ljusstreck och kallas även stjärnfall. En meteor inträffar när ett objekt från rymden, en meteoroid, kommer in i jordatmosfären med hög hastighet och börjar glöda. Meteortriangulering är en viktig del i astronomisk forskning, genom att kartlägga strömmar av material i solsystemet kan kunskapen om vårt solsystem breddas. Meteorers ursprung kan beräknas genom att göra mätningar med meteorkameror, för att sedan med trianguleringsmetoder beräkna dess banor genom atmosfären.  Tidigare forskning har visat att man kan få mer noggranna bestämningar för meteorspår genom att inkludera tidmätningar i beräkningarna, i Sverige används just nu endast trianguleringsmetoder som bygger på spatiella mätningar. Målet med det här projektet är att undersöka om inkludering av tidmätningar från den svenska meteordatan kan ge mer exakta lösningar för meteorspår. Detta undersöktes genom att kolla på hur tidsvariabeln kan integreras i den svenska trianguleringsalgoritmen och sedan testköra svensk perseiddata från år 2020. Precisionen i metoderna avgörs genom att kolla på hur exakt perseidernas radiantposition kan bestämmas och genom att kolla på meteorernas beräknade hastigheter i atmosfären. Resultaten från det här projektet visar att tidsvariabeln borde tas i beaktning i den svenska trianguleringsalgoritmen. Genom att inkludera tidsvariabeln kan radiantpositionerna bestämmas mer exakt och hastigheterna är inom det förväntade spannet för perseidmeteorer. Men det visade sig att tidmätningarna mellan de olika kamerorna är osynkroniserade, så tidsoffsets måste inkluderas i algoritmen.

Exposure to parental alcohol use disturbs important family relationships and may influence self-differentiation and triangulation, especially among siblings. The sibling relationship provides a foundation for future relationships, yet researchers know little about how parental alcohol abuse influences the sibling relationship. The purpose of this descriptive phenomenological inquiry was to explore the influence of parental alcohol abuse on triangulation and self-differentiation in the sibling relationship in families of origin. Purposeful sampling and semistructured, face-to-face interviews were used to gather information from 12 self-identified adult children of alcoholics to explore triangulation and self-differentiation among siblings. The research questions guided the study to help reveal how triangulation and self-differentiation among siblings is influenced in their family of origin by parental alcoholism. Twelve audio-recorded interviews were manually transcribed and coded for themes using a categorization system based on word repetitions, key terms, and metaphors. Family systems theory served as the conceptual framework for the study. Member-checking, detailed descriptions and audit trials were used to determine the trustworthiness of data. Sibling relationships in an alcohol-focused family system were found to be volatile and stressful, resulting in triangulated relationships and a distorted sense of self. The results of this study may add to the current body of literature on the alcohol-focused family system, and the associated recommendations may inform treatment modules with targeted interventions designed for siblings. Such interventions would result from a proposed shift in the current treatment focus on the identified client to a more family system based approach to treatment.

No description available.