The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on October 5, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Scott Kovaleski. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (January 11, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Le principal système d’invasion chez Salmonella requiert un système de sécrétion de type III(T3SS-1) qui induit un mécanisme d’entrée de type Trigger. Cependant, d’autres invasine sont été décrites chez Salmonella mais leurs rôles dans la virulence restent peu connus. Nous avons ainsi caractérisé le rôle de Rck en tant qu’invasine chez Salmonella Enteritidis, et démontré par différentes approches que Rck induit un mécanisme d’invasion de type Zipper.L'étude de la cascade de signalisation cellulaire induite par Rck a permis de suggérer un modèle d'internalisation impliquant l’actine, le complexe Arp2/3, les GTPases Rac et Cdc42,Akt, la PI3K de classe I et Src. L'analyse du pouvoir d'invasion d'un mutant de S. Enteritidis cultivé dans des conditions où il est incapable d'exprimer les facteurs d'invasion connus : T3SS-1, Rck et PagN montre l’existence d'autre facteurs d’entrée encore non identifiés chez Salmonella qui semblent induire une invasion de type Zipper et de type Trigger. L’ensemble de ces données font de Salmonella, la première bactérie capable d’envahir les cellules soit via un mécanisme de type Trigger, dépendant au moins du T3SS-1, soit via un mécanisme de type Zipper, dépendant au moins de Rck et révèlent la complexité des mécanismes d’invasion de Salmonella. / The main invasion system of Salmonella requires a type III secretion system (T3SS-1) which promotes a Trigger entry mechanism. However, other invasins were described in Salmonella but their roles in virulence remain unclear. We have shown that Salmonella Enteritidis caninvade cells via the Rck outer membrane protein and we have demonstrated by different approaches that Rck mediates a Zipper entry process. Characterisation of the cellular transduction pathway induced by Rck enable us to propose a model of internalisation involving actin, Arp2/3, Rac and Cdc42, Akt, class I PI3K and Src. Finally, the invasion ability of a S. Enteritidis mutant grown under culture conditions that did not allow the expression of any identified invasion factors (T3SS-1, Rck and PagN) provides evidences for still non-characterised Salmonella invasion factors which seem to induce both Zipper and Trigger mechanisms. Overall, our data indicate that Salmonella is the first bacterium found tobe able to invade cells by both a Trigger mechanism at least mediated by the T3SS-1 and a Zipper entry process at least mediated by Rck. Study of the T3SS-1-independent invasion systems could bring to a better understanding of Salmonella pathogenicity, particularly in regard to the different diseases induced by Salmonella and to its great diversity of hosts.

An important aspect of development and research in the field of computer networking systems is evaluation. Through evaluation, performance and behavior of software and protocols over a network can be determined. A network emulator is one of several tools available to accomplish this. In this thesis, the network emulator Dummynet is described, as well as its extension KauNet. KauNet extends Dummynet by introducing pattern-driven emulation. A pattern defines specific points at which to apply a certain computer network characteristic or behavior. The use of patterns allow an increased control and repeatability of an emulation. Repeating a test with an identical configuration and the same pattern will yield identical results. The goal of the project was to add a new functionality to KauNet. The new functionality consists of a notification system capable of passing information from KauNet to external observers. By adding this new functionality, emulation statistics can be available for the observers immediately when occurring. Another example of information that can be forwarded, is simulated cross-layer information. For KauNet to know when and what information to send, a new type of pattern has been created, called trigger pattern. Trigger patterns behave similarly to the existing patterns, sharing the same structure and processing in KauNet. Through the use of trigger patterns, events may be raised at specific points. The notification system may then be used to pass the event information. This thesis describes the evaluation, design and implementation of the trigger patterns and notification system in KauNet. Finally, it concludes with a verification of the new trigger functionality in a usage example.

The oscilloscope is undoubtedly one of the most important tools in any electronics shop. Presently there are many relatively inexpensive oscilloscopes available, but triggered sweep capability is still reserved for those oscilloscopes costing more than 200 - 500 dollars. The goal of this project was to develop a respectably performing triggered sweep system at a low enough cost to allow inclusion of this valuable feature in any oscilloscope. Two of the most important specifications of an oscilloscope are the bandwidth of the vertical amplifier, and the maximum sweep frequency. The broad class of "inexpensive oscilloscope" would include those with a maximum vertical response of 500 KHz to 5 MHz, and a maximum sweep rate of 50 KHz to 500 KHz. Most of these oscilloscopes would not have triggered sweep capability. For about double the cost, the next step upward would be a semi- professional triggered - sweep oscilloscope having a typical vertical response of 15 MHz and a sweep to roughly 2 MHz (500 nsec). Using these classifications as guidelines, a "respectably performing" triggered sweep for inexpensive oscilloscopes may be loosely defined as one having a 500 KHz (2 usec) sweep, triggerable to at least 5 MHz. Depending on actual cost and application, greater or lesser performance could be considered entirely acceptable. A number of design variations are possible, all of which appear to be a fraction of the cost and complexity of previous designs having comparable specifications. Making this possible are integrated circuits in general, and a modern linear IC "timer" in particular. This report first describes this timer, then uses it as the main element in the generation of a linear ramp. Several trigger and gating circuits are then described. Finally, several of these subcircuits are combined to form three (out of many possible) complete triggered sweep generator systems. As an example of the results, the most expensive circuit costs about 15 dollars in single quantity, yet offers 10 volt per 200 nsec sweep rates, trigger capability from OC to above 15 MHz, trigger level and phase control, and blanking pulse output.

Bakgrund Hotellbranschen står inför utmaningar vad gäller att möta gästens ständigt förändrade förväntningar. För att ligga i framkant i gästerbjudandet satsas mer än någonsin på investeringar i teknologi där implementering av SST är en strategi för att överleva. Detta förändrar gästens roll i servicemötet vilket skapar en osäkerhet angående adoption av SST. Syfte Studiens syfte är att från ett kundperspektiv skapa en djupare förståelse för adoption av självserviceteknologi (SST) genom att identifiera och förstå faktorer som triggar en hotellgästs inställning och användande av SST vid incheckning. Genomförande Med avstamp i en litteraturgenomgång genomfördes en förstudie i form av ostrukturerade intervjuer med hotellgäster i syfte att identifiera triggers. Utifrån förstudien och litteraturgenomgången skapades sedan en enkät som analyserades kvantitativt i programmet SPSS för att med stöd av kvalitativa delar från förstudien besvara studiens forskningsfrågor. Slutsats Hotellgästen har generellt en god inställning till SST vid incheckning vilket förklaras mycket av SSTs förmåga att minska kö och väntan. Gästens behov av mänsklig interaktion har dock visat sig hämma adoptionen. SST vid incheckning anses vara en naturlig utveckling men behovet av interaktion tyder på att gästen inte är riktigt redo för hur teknologins framfart förändrar roller och manus i servicemötet. Istället kan interaktion ske utanför incheckningsmomentet, så länge personal finns tillgänglig på gästens villkor finns goda förutsättningar att öka gästens inställning och därmed användande av SST. / Background The hotel business is facing great challenges meeting the guest’s constantly pivoted expectations. In order to maintain the guest offering attractive, hotels are investing more than ever in technology with SST as a strategy of survival. This changes the customers’ role which makes the customer adoption doubtful. Purpose  The purpose of this study is to create a deeper knowledge for adoption of SST from a customer perspective. This by identify and understand triggers of a hotel guest’s attitude and intention to use SST at the check in. Completion  With support from a literature review, a pre-study in form of unstructured interviews with hotel guests took place in order to identify triggers. With the pre-study and literature review in mind a survey was carried out and later analysed using the software SPSS. The quantitative analysis was supported by qualitative results from the pre-study in order to fulfil the purpose. Conclusion  The hotel guest has in general a good attitude to SST at the check in which is shown to by a large extent be explained by the ability to reduce queue and waiting time. Thus is the guest’s need for interaction a hinder for adoption. SST at the check in is more or less seen as a natural service progress, but the need for interaction implies that the guest is not quite ready for how technology is changing role and script. Instead interaction can take place separated from the check in - as long as personnel is available for interaction on the guest’s own terms there are good chances to increase their attitude and thereby usage of SST.

Die Dissertation beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Triggers fuer den Backward Silicon Tracker (BST). Der Detektor wurde im Jahre 2001 installiert und nach der Modifizierung von HERA zur Erreichung hoeherer Luminositaet in Betrieb genommen. Der Backward Silicon Tracker des H1-Experiments wird in Verbindung mit einem Blei-Scintillationsfaser Kalorimeter zur detaillierten Untersuchung der inklusiven tief inelastischen Streuung von Leptonen an Protonen, und der Charm-Erzeugung bei kleinen Werte der Bjorken Variable x eingesetzt. Die guten Eigenschaften von Festkoerper-Halbleitern, geringes elektronisches Rauschen und schnelle Signalantworten, wurden bei der Entwicklung des Silizium Pad-Detektors zum Nachweis von Spuren in der Rueckwaertsregion des H1-Experiments in der ersten Stufe des Triggersystems ausgenutzt. Der neue Triggerdetektor des BST, der Pad-Detektor und die dafuer entwickelte Ausleseelektronik wie auch die implementierte Logik werden beschrieben. Resultate von Teststrahlmessungen und von ersten Messungen unter Luminositaetsbedingungen an HERA-II werden dargestellt. / The Backward Silicon Tracker of the H1 experiment is being used in conjunction with a lead-fiber Calorimeter for detailed investigations of inclusive deeply inelastic scattering of leptons from protons, and of charm production at small values of the Bjorken variable x. In this thesis the development of a trigger for the Backward Silicon Tracker is described. The detector was installed in 2001 and started to operate in H1 after the HERA upgrade. Exploiting the low noise performance and fast time response of solid state semiconductors, a silicon pad detector telescope was developed for the first level trigger on tracks scattered in the backward region of the H1 detector. The design of the new trigger part of the BST consisting of silicon pad detectors and dedicated fast readout circuitry is described. Results of beam tests and first luminosity data are presented.

SAMMANFATTNING: Kranskärlssjukdom är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till död globalt. Kunskap idag påvisar att det finns ett antal modifierbara riskfaktorer där sjuksköterskan tillsammans med det multiprofessionella teamet har en nyckelroll i det sekundärpreventiva arbetet. De senaste årens forskning har påvisat att det akuta insjuknandet kan påverkas av inre eller yttre faktorer. Som ett exempel har studier visat att risken att insjukna i en hjärtinfarkt under julhelgen är kraftigt ökad. Syftet med studien var att studera förekomsten av potentiella triggers till hjärtinfarkt under julhelgen som kan ha betydelse för sekundärpreventiv vård. Studien genomfördes med en kvantitativ metod i form av en tvärsnittsstudie. En egenkonstruerad enkät användes för att identifiera förekomsten av aktuella triggers. Respondenterna fick själva uppskatta förekomsten av dessa dygnet innan hjärtinfarkten jämfört med vid ett normaltillstånd. I tillägg efterfrågades orsak till eventuell stress som fritextssvar. Enkäten skickades ut via post till en kohort av 135 deltagare från hela landet. Urvalet var konsekutivt. Alla som insjuknat i hjärtinfarkt med symtomdebut under föregående julhelg och som registrerats i det nationella kvalitetsregistret Riks-HIA och var levande vid tid för datauttag inkluderades. Svarsfrekvensen var 66 procent. Studiens resultat påvisar förekomst av en rad negativa faktorer som sömnlöshet, ökat matintag, lägre grad av fysisk aktivitet samt ökad stress. En liten del uppgav stress som var direkt knuten till julhelgen exempelvis i form av upplevt påtvingat umgänge samt allmänt julstök med matlagning och städning. Slutsatsen är att studien har ökat kunskapen kring i vilken utsträckning patienter har upplevt potentiella triggers dygnet före sitt insjuknande. Framträdande var den psykosociala ohälsan hos den undersökta populationen. Kunskapen om att vissa faktorer kan agera som akuta triggers bör införlivas i den sekundärpreventiva vården. Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt med personens berättelse i centrum är av stor betydelse för att nå bestående livsstilsförändringar och utarbeta strategier för att undvika nya händelser. / ABSTRACT: Coronary heart disease is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Knowledge of today demonstrates that there are a number of modifiable risk factors where the nurse together with the multi-professional team has a key role in the secondary preventive work. In recent years, research has shown that the disease can be acutely affected by internal or external factors. For example, the risk of having a heart attack during Christmas holiday is significantly increased. The purpose of the study was to study the occurrence of potential triggers for heart attack during Christmas holiday that may be of importance for secondary preventive care. The study was conducted using a quantitative method as a cross-sectional study. A self-designed survey was used to identify the presence of triggers. The respondents themselves were able to estimate the presence of these the day before the heart attack compared with a normal condition. In addition, the reason for any stress was requested as a free text reply. The questionnaire was sent by post to a cohort of 135 participants from all over the country. The selection was consecutive. All patients with myocardial infarction with a symptom onset during the previous Christmas weekend registered in the national quality register Riks-HIA and was alive at the time of data collection, were included.The response rate was 66 percent. The results of the study show the presence of a number of negative factors such as insomnia, increased food intake, lower degree of physical activity and increased stress. A small number stated stress that was directly linked to the Christmas weekend in the form of experienced forced socialization or caused by general Christmas disturbances such as cooking and cleaning.In our conclusion, the study has increased the knowledge about into what extent patients experience potential triggers the day before their illness. Prominent was the psychosocial ill health of the population studied. The knowledge that certain factors can act as acute triggers should be incorporated into secondary preventive care. A person-centered approach with the person's story at the center, is of great importance for achieving lasting lifestyle changes and developing strategies to avoid new events.

Attempting to find evidence for supersymmetry (SUSY) is one of the key aims of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. This thesis is concerned with searching for supersymmetry in final states with 2-4 hadronic jets, missing transverse energy and no electrons or muons. In the first part, a search strategy is developed using 1.04 fb−1 of data from the first half of 2011. No excess over the Standard Model expectation is observed, so the data are used to set limits on two SUSY simplified models, in which pair-produced squarks or gluinos decay directly to neutralinos and jets. Good limits are achieved for scenarios where the neutralino is nearly as massive as the squark/gluino, compared to an earlier ATLAS analysis using the same dataset. For example, for pair-production of squarks decaying directly to neutralinos, all neutralino masses below 200 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level when the squark mass is 300 GeV. Similarly, for pair-produced gluinos, neutralino masses below 300 GeV are excluded when the gluino mass is 400 GeV. The equivalent neutralino mass limits in the earlier analysis are 130 GeV and 240 GeV respectively. In the second part, the performance of the ATLAS missing transverse energy trigger is studied, and its suitability for use in the SUSY search is evaluated. The behaviour is found to be consistent with expectations, and the trigger strategy for 2010 data-taking is described.

Thesis advisor: Richard Kearney / This work addresses an important phenomenon in the contemporary philosophy of narrative and coins it as a term. Trigger-narratives denote myth-like stories that ignite certain mass social participation. Juxtapose to five well-established philosophical concepts of narrative this work demonstrates that while trigger-narratives share formal characteristics with all, they fail to be meaningfully and comprehensively subsumed under any. I use three protagonists as comparative case studies to illustrate trigger-narratives: Rosa Parks (US), Mouhammed Bouazizi (Tunisia) and Daphne Leef (Israel). The sociopolitical reaction to trigger-narratives exceeds them in content and in size. Yet, these protagonists continue to serve as catalysts and perennial symbols of the transformative events that follow their protesting acts. Trigger-narratives are not lived-narratives. They do not disclose what Arendt’s refers to as a unique who or MacIntyre’s unity of a human life. They do not answer the ownmost rhythm of Heidegger’s Being-toward-death or operate like Ricoeur’s or Kearney’s concepts of testimony. The protagonist perspective is rarely heard or seriously considered. Unlike historical narratives trigger-narratives are not the product of research. They form quickly and in their aftermath they resist change. Trigger-narrative protagonists draw their power from being portrayed as context-less, weak and uncalculated while historical leaders draw power from descriptions of authority, skill, and deliberation. Trigger-narratives have the effect and/or aspiration of metanarratives. They aim at a new order. However, they spring from articulated singular accounts rather than form an all-encompassing tacit sub-current narrative. Adding a sixth sociological concept of narrative I refer to issue-narratives. Trigger-narratives congeal around an issue. But they instill a far greater expectation for change. I conclude that: 1. trigger narratives are closest to fiction 2. They operate through a condensation of Ricoeur’s mimetic cycle configuring and refiguring reality in a rapid rotation that ossifies them into a mobilizing form, and that 3. Interpreting trigger-narratives through the perspective of world-creating myths illuminates many of their typical characteristics in a unifying, comprehensive manner. The study points to two new research directions: 1. trigger-narratives’ aftermath operations (specifically rituals and newly erected institutions).2. Further interdisciplinary cooperation between contemporary political philosophy of narrative and the sociological methodology of frame-analysis. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Philosophy.