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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Convenient Preparation of 2,7,8-Trimethyl-6-Hydroxychroman-2-Carboxylic Acid (γ-Trolox)

Hyatt, John 01 January 2008 (has links)
The title chroman is useful in synthesis and as a water-soluble analog of γ-tocopherol, a member of the vitamin E family. This new synthesis of γ-trolox proceeds via selective aromatic demethylation of Trolox, the more easily available 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl homolog compound. This route is shorter than the previous synthesis, avoids the use of cyanide and methoxybutadiene, and requires no chromatography.
2

Criopreservação de sêmen de primatas não-humanos / Cryopreservation of non-human primate sperm

Carvalho, Fernanda Maria de 30 June 2016 (has links)
O presente trabalho foi composto de dois estudos distintos. O Estudo I, com um foco conservacionista, teve como objetivo a avaliação e comparação de diferentes métodos de criopreservação de sêmen de bugio-preto (Alouatta caraya). Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos: Experimento I composto de dois ensaios no primeiro ensaio foram comparados dois diluidores comerciais BotuBOV e Test-yolk buffer (TYB) e no segundo ensaio foram comparados dois métodos de criopreservação de sêmen congelação lenta e vitrificação; Experimento II avaliação dos efeitos da adição de DHA e de Trolox (análogo da vitamina E) ao diluidor para criopreservação de sêmen. O diluidor TYB apresentou melhores resultados quando comparados ao BotuBOV. A congelação lenta apresentou melhores resultados quando comparada à vitrificação. Não houve diferença entre o diluidor controle e os diluidores com Trolox, DHA ou combinação dos dois (DHAT), com exceção da integridade de acrossoma, que foi significativamente menor para o diluidor DHAT. Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos, com utilização de outras doses de DHA e Trolox, além de outros antioxidantes. O Estudo II, com foco em pesquisa biomédica, teve como objetivo a criopreservação de sêmen de macaco-rhesus (Macaca mulata) e avaliação da qualidade pós-descongelação por meio de fecundação in vitro (FIV). Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em três experimentos: Experimento I avaliação e comparação de dois métodos de criopreservação de sêmen congelação lenta e vitrificação; Experimento II avaliação e comparação de quatro métodos de preparação do sêmen pós-descongelação lavagem simples (LS), swim-up (SU), separação por gradiente de densidade (SGD) e filtragem em lã de vidro (FLV); Experimento III avaliação da qualidade seminal pós-descongelação por meio de FIV. A congelação lenta apresentou melhores resultados que a vitrificação (p<0,05). LS apresentou os melhores resultados, seguido por SGD e SU, enquanto FLV apresentou os piores resultados. LS e SGD foram utilizados para avaliação da qualidade seminal por meio de FIV, utilizando sêmen fresco como controle. As taxas de fecundação (média±EPM%) para oócitos MI inseminados com sêmen fresco (43.5±16.4) foram significativamente maiores (p<0,05) que LS (2.0±2.0), mas não diferiram de SGD (25.1±14.2). Não houve diferença na taxa de blastocistos (média±EPM%) entre os tratamentos (variação de 0 a 11.9±7.9). As taxas de fecundação para oócitos MII inseminados com sêmen fresco (41.4±3.6) também foram significativamente maiores que SGD e LS (18.4±6.9 e 12.7±7.7, respectivamente), assim como a taxa de blastocistos (64.7±13.6; 4.7±4.7; 30.9±13.8, respectivamente). Conclui-se que, espermatozoides criopreservados foram capazes de fertilizar oócitos e os embriões atingiram o estágio de blastocisto. A SGD selecionou espermatozoides pós-descongelação de melhor qualidade para FIV em macacos-rhesus, quando comparada à LS / This work was divided in two studies. The objective of Study I was to test and compare different cryopreservation methods for sperm from black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), with a focus on species conservation. The study was divided in two experiments. Experiment I composed of two trials the first trial compared two commercial extenders BotuBOV and Test-yolk buffer (TYB), and the second trial compared two cryopreservation methods slow freezing and vitrification; Experiment II evaluation of the effects of DHA and Trolox (vitamin E analog) as additives to the freezing extender. TYB had better results when compared to BotuBOV. Slow freezing had better results when compared to vitrification. There was no difference between control extender (TYB) and extender containing Trolox, DHA or a combination of both (DHAT), except for acrosome integrity, which was significantly lower for DHAT. In conclusion, more studies are necessary, using other doses of DHA and Trolox, as well as other antioxidants. The objective of Study II was to assess the quality of frozen-thawed sperm from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by in vitro fertilization (IVF). The study was divided in three experiments. Experiment I evaluation and comparison of two cryopreservation methods slow freezing and vitrification; Experiment II evaluation and comparison of four preparation methods for frozen-thawed sperm simple wash (SW), swim-up (SU), density gradient centrifugation (DGC), and glass wool filtration (GWF); and Experiment III evaluation of frozen-thawed sperm quality by IVF. Slow freezing had better results when compared to vitrification (p<0,05). SW had better results, followed by DGC and SU, while GWF had the worse results. SW and DGC were further evaluated by IVF. Fertilization rates (mean±SEM%) with MI oocytes using fresh sperm were significantly higher (43.5±16.4) than with SW (2.0±2.0) and did not differ from DGC (25.1±14.2). There was no difference in blastocyst rates between treatments (range 0 to 11.9±7.9). Fertilization rates with MII ova were also significantly higher with fresh sperm (41.4±3.6) than DGC and SW (18.4±6.9 and 12.7±7.7, respectively), and more blastocysts developed from MIIs fertilized with fresh sperm (64.7±13.6) than SW and DGC (4.7±4.7 and 30.9±13.8, respectively). In conclusion, frozen-thawed sperm were able to fertilize oocytes and embryos reached the blastocyst stage. DGC yielded better frozen-thawed sperm for IVF in rhesus macaques, when compared with SW
3

Criopreservação de sêmen de primatas não-humanos / Cryopreservation of non-human primate sperm

Fernanda Maria de Carvalho 30 June 2016 (has links)
O presente trabalho foi composto de dois estudos distintos. O Estudo I, com um foco conservacionista, teve como objetivo a avaliação e comparação de diferentes métodos de criopreservação de sêmen de bugio-preto (Alouatta caraya). Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em dois experimentos: Experimento I composto de dois ensaios no primeiro ensaio foram comparados dois diluidores comerciais BotuBOV e Test-yolk buffer (TYB) e no segundo ensaio foram comparados dois métodos de criopreservação de sêmen congelação lenta e vitrificação; Experimento II avaliação dos efeitos da adição de DHA e de Trolox (análogo da vitamina E) ao diluidor para criopreservação de sêmen. O diluidor TYB apresentou melhores resultados quando comparados ao BotuBOV. A congelação lenta apresentou melhores resultados quando comparada à vitrificação. Não houve diferença entre o diluidor controle e os diluidores com Trolox, DHA ou combinação dos dois (DHAT), com exceção da integridade de acrossoma, que foi significativamente menor para o diluidor DHAT. Conclui-se que são necessários mais estudos, com utilização de outras doses de DHA e Trolox, além de outros antioxidantes. O Estudo II, com foco em pesquisa biomédica, teve como objetivo a criopreservação de sêmen de macaco-rhesus (Macaca mulata) e avaliação da qualidade pós-descongelação por meio de fecundação in vitro (FIV). Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em três experimentos: Experimento I avaliação e comparação de dois métodos de criopreservação de sêmen congelação lenta e vitrificação; Experimento II avaliação e comparação de quatro métodos de preparação do sêmen pós-descongelação lavagem simples (LS), swim-up (SU), separação por gradiente de densidade (SGD) e filtragem em lã de vidro (FLV); Experimento III avaliação da qualidade seminal pós-descongelação por meio de FIV. A congelação lenta apresentou melhores resultados que a vitrificação (p<0,05). LS apresentou os melhores resultados, seguido por SGD e SU, enquanto FLV apresentou os piores resultados. LS e SGD foram utilizados para avaliação da qualidade seminal por meio de FIV, utilizando sêmen fresco como controle. As taxas de fecundação (média±EPM%) para oócitos MI inseminados com sêmen fresco (43.5±16.4) foram significativamente maiores (p<0,05) que LS (2.0±2.0), mas não diferiram de SGD (25.1±14.2). Não houve diferença na taxa de blastocistos (média±EPM%) entre os tratamentos (variação de 0 a 11.9±7.9). As taxas de fecundação para oócitos MII inseminados com sêmen fresco (41.4±3.6) também foram significativamente maiores que SGD e LS (18.4±6.9 e 12.7±7.7, respectivamente), assim como a taxa de blastocistos (64.7±13.6; 4.7±4.7; 30.9±13.8, respectivamente). Conclui-se que, espermatozoides criopreservados foram capazes de fertilizar oócitos e os embriões atingiram o estágio de blastocisto. A SGD selecionou espermatozoides pós-descongelação de melhor qualidade para FIV em macacos-rhesus, quando comparada à LS / This work was divided in two studies. The objective of Study I was to test and compare different cryopreservation methods for sperm from black-and-gold howler monkeys (Alouatta caraya), with a focus on species conservation. The study was divided in two experiments. Experiment I composed of two trials the first trial compared two commercial extenders BotuBOV and Test-yolk buffer (TYB), and the second trial compared two cryopreservation methods slow freezing and vitrification; Experiment II evaluation of the effects of DHA and Trolox (vitamin E analog) as additives to the freezing extender. TYB had better results when compared to BotuBOV. Slow freezing had better results when compared to vitrification. There was no difference between control extender (TYB) and extender containing Trolox, DHA or a combination of both (DHAT), except for acrosome integrity, which was significantly lower for DHAT. In conclusion, more studies are necessary, using other doses of DHA and Trolox, as well as other antioxidants. The objective of Study II was to assess the quality of frozen-thawed sperm from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) by in vitro fertilization (IVF). The study was divided in three experiments. Experiment I evaluation and comparison of two cryopreservation methods slow freezing and vitrification; Experiment II evaluation and comparison of four preparation methods for frozen-thawed sperm simple wash (SW), swim-up (SU), density gradient centrifugation (DGC), and glass wool filtration (GWF); and Experiment III evaluation of frozen-thawed sperm quality by IVF. Slow freezing had better results when compared to vitrification (p<0,05). SW had better results, followed by DGC and SU, while GWF had the worse results. SW and DGC were further evaluated by IVF. Fertilization rates (mean±SEM%) with MI oocytes using fresh sperm were significantly higher (43.5±16.4) than with SW (2.0±2.0) and did not differ from DGC (25.1±14.2). There was no difference in blastocyst rates between treatments (range 0 to 11.9±7.9). Fertilization rates with MII ova were also significantly higher with fresh sperm (41.4±3.6) than DGC and SW (18.4±6.9 and 12.7±7.7, respectively), and more blastocysts developed from MIIs fertilized with fresh sperm (64.7±13.6) than SW and DGC (4.7±4.7 and 30.9±13.8, respectively). In conclusion, frozen-thawed sperm were able to fertilize oocytes and embryos reached the blastocyst stage. DGC yielded better frozen-thawed sperm for IVF in rhesus macaques, when compared with SW
4

Riboflavin Photosensitized Oxidation of Amino Acids

Yettella V Ramesh, Reddy 10 September 2008 (has links)
No description available.
5

Radiation-induced fibrosis : Characterization of the anti-fibrotic mechanisms displayed by pentoxifylline/vitamin E / Fibrose radio-induite : Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans l’action anti-fibrosante exercée par l’association pentoxifylline-vitamine E

Hamama, Saad 21 November 2012 (has links)
La fibrose radio-induite est une complication sévère et tardive de la radiothérapie. Plusieurs études cliniques ont montré que la combinaison pentoxifylline-vitamine E est un traitement sûr et efficace contre la fibrose. Cependant, les mécanismes moléculaires de son efficacité restent inexplorés. Nous avons montré l’efficacité de la combinaison pentoxifylline-vitamine E dans l’entéropathie radique dans une faisabilité clinique. En parallèle, en utilisant un modèle unique, in vitro, de cellules musculaires lisses intestinales primaires isolées des personnes atteintes de l’entéropathie radique, nous avons montré une synergie entre la pentoxifylline et l’analogue hydrophile de vitamine E (trolox) qui permet à l’association d’inhiber l’expression de TGF-β1 au niveau de l’ARN messager et de la protéine. Cette action inhibitrice intervient au niveau transcriptionnel et conduit à une inhibition conséquente des cibles de la voie de signalisation TGF-β1/Smad (Col Iα1, FN1, PAI-1, CTGF), alors qu’elle semble sans effet sur la voie de signalisation Rho/ROCK. Pour la première fois, dans ces cellules issues de l’entéropathie radique, nous avons montré une surexpression de miR-210 ; microRNA induit par l’hypoxie. L’association pentoxifylline-trolox inverse la surexpression de miR-210 aussi bien dans les conditions normoxique que dans les conditions hypoxiques. L’implication de miR-210 dans l’entéropathie radique n’a pas été préalablement étudiée, néanmoins nous avons montré qu’un inhibiteur de miR-210 diminue l’expression de Col Iα1 dans ce modèle. L’effet anti-fibrosant exercé par l’association pentoxifylline-vitamine E est partiellement induit par l’inhibition de la cascade TGF-β1. L’inhibition de miR-210 est un deuxième mécanisme potentiel nécessitant d’autres investigations. Cette étude renforce les essais clinique antérieurs en montrant in vitro une synergie entre pentoxifylline et vitamine E et permettant de proposer cette association en première ligne thérapeutique dans la fibrose radio-induite. De plus, miR-210 est proposé comme une possible cible thérapeutique pour traiter la fibrose radio-induite. / Radiation-induced fibrosis is a serious late complication of radiotherapy. Pentoxifylline-vitamin E has proven effective and safe in clinical trials as treatment of fibrosis, while the molecular mechanism of its activity is yet unexplored. We showed efficacy of Pentoxifylline-vitamin E combination in radiation-induced enteropathy in a small clinical study. In parallel, using a unique in vitro model of primary smooth muscle cells isolated from intestinal samples isolated from humans with radiation enteropathy we showed that pentoxifylline and the hydrophilic analogous of vitamin E (trolox) synergize to inhibit TGF-β1 protein and mRNA expression. This inhibitory action is mediated at the transcriptional level and leads to subsequent inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad targets (Col Iα1, FN1, PAI-1, CTGF), while it has no effect on the Rho/Rock pathway. We have also demonstrated, for the first time, an overexpression of the hypoxia-induced microRNA miR-210 in the fibrotic cells. Pentoxifylline-trolox combination could reverse this miR-210 overexpression in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. While miR-210 has not been previously shown to be involved in radiation-induced enteropathy, we showed that miR-210 inhibitor could reduce mRNA expression of Col Iα1. The anti-fibrotic effect of combined pentoxifylline-vitamin E is at least in part mediated by inhibition of the TGF-β1 cascade. MiR-210 inhibition is another mechanism which needs further investigations. This study strengthens previous clinical data showing pentoxifylline-vitamin E synergy and supports its use as a first-line treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis. Also, it suggests miR-210 as a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this complication.
6

NOVEL SPOXAZOMICINS DERIVED FROM <em>STREPTOMYCES</em> SP. RM-14−6 ATTENUATE ETHANOL INDUCED CYTOTOXICITY <em>IN VITRO</em>

Saunders, Meredith A. 01 January 2016 (has links)
An estimated 13.9% of Americans currently meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder. Ultimately, chronic alcohol use may result in neurological deficits, with up to 85% of alcoholics exhibiting signs of cognitive decline. However, biochemical and behavioral factors contributing to this decline have remained elusive. Our ongoing research program encompasses a multi-tiered screening of a natural product library and validation process to provide novel information about mechanisms underlying these deficits and to identify novel chemical scaffolds to be exploited in the development of pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorders in a rodent organotypic hippocampal slice culture mode. Experiment 1 sought to establish a 48 h high throughput model for testing novel scaffolds against ethanol (EtOH) toxicity. Experiment 2 tested multiple natural product compounds for their ability to attenuate ethanol-induced cytotoxicity. Results from Experiment 1 revealed EtOH (100 mM) induced significant cytotoxicity at 48 h. Trolox (100 µM), a potent antioxidant, was found to reduce ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in this assay. Experiment 2 revealed two spoxazomicins (1, 1-1) demonstrated potent cytoprotective effects against ethanol toxicity. These findings highlight the potential applications of these novel scaffolds for use in the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
7

Peroxidação lipídica da membrana plasmática de espermatozoides caprinos e ovinos submetidos à criopreservação com Trolox

ARRUDA, Lúcia Cristina Pereira 25 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-25T11:36:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucia Cristina Pereira Arruda.pdf: 816795 bytes, checksum: 9fa61d0ae8d88b3e46fe1ef1a41a264d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-25T11:36:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucia Cristina Pereira Arruda.pdf: 816795 bytes, checksum: 9fa61d0ae8d88b3e46fe1ef1a41a264d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / With the aim of identify the best method to assess lipid peroxidation in goat and sheep sperm, semen samples were diluted in skimmed milk (Glycerol 7%) and Tris-egg yolk (Glycerol 5%) extenders, respectively, and frozen (-196 °C). After thawing (37°C/30s), samples were analyzed to lipid peroxidation by spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography – DAD (TBARS method) and flow cytometry (C11-BODIPY581/591). It was observed that peroxidation levels obtained by spectrophotometry were significantly higher than those found by HPLC method. C11-BODIPY581/591 complemented the data obtained by TBARS (HLPC) method, helping to better understand the results and providing an overview of damaged caused to cells. In conclusion, the dosage method of TBARS by HPLC and C11-BODIPY581 are more appropriated to assess lipid peroxidation in goat and sheep sperm, and it can be used with success together or separated,. After determine the best method to assess plasma membrane lipid peroxidation of goat and sheep sperm cryopreserved with Trolox, semen samples were diluted in skimmed milk (goat) or tris-egg yolk (sheep) extenders, without antioxidants (control group) or with Trolox at 20 μM or 40 μM/mL. After thawing at 37oC for 30 seconds, samples were submitted to assessment of lipid peroxidation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and flow cytometry (C11-BODIPY581/591), as well as plasma membrane integrity, acrosomal integrity and sperm kinematics. Semen extenders and fresh semen samples were also assessed by HPLC. No significant difference (P>0.05) was observed among experimental groups of both species to sperm kinematics, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity. Significant difference also was not observed (P>0.05) among treatment groups to lipid peroxidation reductionIn conclusion, the cryopreservation process did not trigger lipid peroxidation on goat and sheep sperm plasma membrane, independent of Trolox addiction (20 e 40 μM). / Objetivando identificar o melhor método para avaliar a peroxidação lipídica em espermatozoides de caprinos e ovinos, amostras de sêmen foram diluídas em leite desnatado (Glicerol 7%) e Tris-gema de ovo (Glicerol 5%), respectivamente, e congeladas (-196 °C). Após descongelação (37 °C/30s), as amostras foram submetidas à avaliação da peroxidação lipídica por espectrofotometria e cromatografia líquida de alta performance - DAD (método de TBARS) e citometria de fluxo (C11-BODIPY581/591). Observou-se que as concentrações de malonaldeído obtidas por espectrofotometria foram significativamente maiores que as encontradas pelo método de HPLC. O C11-BODIPY581/591 complementou os dados obtidos pelo método do TBARS (HPLC), auxiliando na melhor compreensão dos resultados, evidenciando danos ocorridos às células. Concluindo-se que o método de dosagem de TBARS pelo HPLC e C11-BODIPY581/591 são os mais indicados para avaliação da peroxidação lipídica em espermatozoides de caprinos e ovinos podendo ser utilizados com sucesso juntas ou isoladamente. Determinados os melhores métodos, avaliou-se a ocorrência de peroxidação lipídica da membrana plasmática de espermatozoides caprinos e ovinos criopreservados com diluidor suplementado com Trolox, onde amostras de sêmen foram diluídas em leite desnatado (caprino) ou tris-gema de ovo (ovinos), sem antioxidante (grupo controle) ou adicionadas de Trolox nas concentrações de 20μM ou 40 μM /mL (tratamentos). Após descongelação a 37 °C/30s, as amostras foram submetidas à avaliação da peroxidação lipídica por cromatografia líquida de alta performance (HPLC-DAD) e citometria de fluxo (C11-BODIPY581/591). Analisou-se ainda a integridade de membrana plasmática, acrossomal e cinética espermática. Amostras dos diluidores e do sêmen fresco foram também avaliadas por HPLC. Não foi constatada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os grupos experimentais de ambas as espécies para os parâmetros de cinética espermática e integridade de membrana plasmática e acrossomal. Também não foi observada diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para redução da peroxidação lipídica. Conclui-se que o processo de criopreservação não desencadeia a peroxidação lipídica da membrana plasmática de espermatozoides caprinos e ovinos independente da adição de Trolox (20 e 40 μM).
8

Antioxidant Capacity of Hydrolyzed Whey Protein in Model Infant Formula Powder

Hroncich, Maggie Michelle January 2021 (has links)
No description available.
9

Congelação do sêmen da espécie canina adicionado de antioxidantes

COLETO, Zoraide Fernandes 09 March 2006 (has links)
Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2016-11-09T12:30:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Zoraide Fernandes Coleto.pdf: 876143 bytes, checksum: b13d1564a69ff252704812c9a3bbebcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-09T12:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zoraide Fernandes Coleto.pdf: 876143 bytes, checksum: b13d1564a69ff252704812c9a3bbebcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Antioxidants act as protective agents of spermatozoa preventing the reactive oxygen species formation and consequent lipidic peroxidation rising the motility and the vigor and avoiding the damage provoked to the DNA. The aiming of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of vitamin C and Trolox (water soluble analogue of vitamin E) on the viability of dog sperm cells submitted to the cryopreservation process. The Pool with the second semen fraction of four dogs, harvested through digital manipulation was supplemented with vitamin C and Trolox on the concentration of 200 X 106 sperm cells/dose, according to each group: Exp 1: G1= Tris- egg yolk (Control); G2 = Tris-egg yolk + 1200M of vitamin C; G3= Tris-egg yolk + 2400M of vitamin C; G4= Tris-egg yolk + 100M of Trolox e G5= Tris-egg yolk + 200M of Trolox; Exp 2: G1 = Tris-egg yolk (Control); G2 = Tris-egg yolk + vitamin C (1200M); G3 = Tris-egg yolk + Trolox (200M) and G4 = Tris-egg yolk + vitamin C (1200M) + Trolox (200M); Exp 3: G1 = Tris-egg yolk or Kenney (Control); G2 = Tris-egg yolk or Kenney + vitamin C (1200 M); G3= Tris-egg yolk or Kenney + Trolox (200 M); G4= Tris-egg yolk or Kenney + vitamin C (1200 M) + Trolox (200 M). The samples were frozen using two freezing curves (Curve 1 = -0,25oC/min until 5 oC, -15 oC/min until -5 oC, -10 oC/min until –120 oC; Curve 2 = -0,25 oC/min until 5 oC, -20 oC/min until -5 oC, -20 oC/min until –120 oC), being C1 on the 1, 2, and 3 Experiments and C2 on the 3 Experiment. The samples were stored in liquid nitrogen. After thawed, it was obshigher (P<0.05) among Control, vitamin C (1200M) and Trolox (200M) groups. The vigor, motility, acrosomal and DNA integrity, as well as the percentage of sperm cells stained with nitroblue tetrazolium were not different among experimental groups. On the Exp. 2, the spermatic motility after thawing did not differ among the groups or between the two freezing curves. On the C1, the group diluted with vitamin C + Trolox showed more acrosomal integrity, but on the C2 there was no difference among groups. The percentage of intact acrosome from curve 1, did not differ between the control group (G1) and with vitamin C (G2), but were inferior (P < 0,05) than the vitamin C + Trolox (G4), meanwhile in the Curve 2, there was no difference among the groups. Comparing the freezing curves, it was found a difference (P < 0,05) on the percentage of acrosome prevailed from G2 (vitamin C). Big percentages of sperm cells showed no oxidative stress or, when it occurred, it was concentrated in the middle section of the cells. On the Exp. 3, the sperm motility of the group diluted with Tris- egg yolk supplemented with vitamin C + Trolox were higher than the others. Higher percentage of the cells with intact acrosome were observed on the group supplemented with vitamin C + Trolox. Samples diluted with Kenney (no antioxidant) showed higher percentage of intact acrosome than the diluted on the Tris-egg yolk (no antioxidant). It was observed higher percentage of cells (P<0.05) with head and tail showing the formation of formazana ++ on the samples added with Trolox (G3) and diluted with Tris – egg yolk than those diluted in Kenney. It is concluded that vitamin C (1200M) and Trolox (200M) cab be used to freeze dog semen; The addition of vitamin C and Trolox in Tris – egg yolk diluted samples rise the viability of the spermatic cellserved on the Exp.1 that the frozen at -150 oC/min and -10 oC/min on the negative curves; the addition of vitamin C associated with Trolox minimize the deleterious effects of the cryopreservation of semen on the sperm acrosomal integrity on the diluted samples in Tris – egg yolk. / Anti-oxidantes funcionam como agentes protetores dos espermatozóides impedindo a formação de espécies de oxigênio reativo (ROS) e conseqüente peroxidação lipidica, aumentando a motilidade e o vigor espermático, e evitando os danos provocados ao DNA. Objetivou-se com este trabalho estudar o efeito da adição de vitamina C e Trolox na congelação de sêmen de cão da raça Cocker Americano. O Pool da segunda fração do sêmen de quatro cães, colhida através de manipulação peniana, foi diluído e suplementado com vitamina C e Trolox na concentração de 200 x 106 espermatozóides/dose, de acordo com cada grupo. Exp. 1: G1= Tris-gema (Controle); G2= Tris-gema + 1200M de vitamina C ; G3= Tris-gema + 2400M de vitamina C; G4= Tris-gema + 100M de Trolox e G5= Tris-gema + 200M de Trolox; Exp. 2: G1= Tris-gema (Controle); G2= Tris-gema + vitamina C (1200M); G3= Tris-gema + vitamina E (200M); G4= Tris-gema + vitamina C (1200M) + E (200M); Exp. 3: G1= Tris-gema ou Kenney (Controle); G2 = Tris-gema ou Kenney + vitamina C (1200 M); G3= Tris-gema ou Kenney + Trolox (200 M); G4= Tris-gema ou Kenney + vitamina C (1200 M) + Trolox (200 M). As amostras foram congeladas utilizando duas curvas (C1 = -0,25 oC/min até 5 oC, -15 oC/min até -5 oC, -10 oC/min até –120 oC; C2 = -0,25 oC/min até 5 oC, -20 oC/min até -5 oC, -20 oC/min até –120 oC), sendo C1 nos Exp. 1, 2 e 3, e C2 no Exp. 2, e armazenadas em nitrogênio líquido. Após descongelação a 37 oC durante 30 segundos, observou-se no Exp.1, motilidade espermática significativamente superior (P<0,05) nos grupos controle e tratados com vitamina C (1200M) ou Trolox (200M). O vigor, a integridade do acrossoma e do DNA, bem como o percentual de células espermáticas coradas com Nitroblue tetrazolium não diferiram entre os grupos experimentais. No Exp. 2, a motilidade não diferiu entre grupos ou entre curvas de congelação. Na curva C1, o grupo adicionado de vitamina C + Trolox apresentou mais células com acrossomas intactos, enquanto na C2 não houve diferença entre os grupos. O porcentual de acrossomas íntegros da curva 1, não diferiu entre os grupos controle (G1) e com vitamina C (G2), mas foram inferiores (P < 0,05) ao de vitamina C + Trolox (G4), enquanto na curva 2, não houve diferença entre os grupos. Ao se comparar curvas de congelação encontrou-se diferença (P<0,05) no porcentual de acrossomas reagidos do G2 (vitamina C). Grandes porcentuais de espermatozóides apresentaram-se sem estresse oxidativo ou, quando ocorria, concentrava-se na peça intermediária das células. No Exp. 3, a motilidade espermática dos grupos diluídos com Tris-gema e Tris-gema + vitamina C + Trolox foram superiores aos demais grupos. Maior porcentual de células com acrossomas íntegros foi observado no grupo suplementado com vitamina C + Trolox. Amostras diluídas em Kenney (sem anti-oxidante) apresentaram maior porcentual de acrossomas íntegros do que as diluídas em Tris-gema (sem anti-oxidante). Observou-se maior formação de formazana na cabeça e cauda de células diluídas em Tris-gema + Trolox, do que nas diluídas em Kenney. Conclui-se que a vitamina C (1200M) e Trolox (200M de Trolox) podem ser utilizadas para congelação de sêmen de cão; A adição de vitamina C e Trolox em amostras diluídas em Tris-gema aumenta a viabilidade das células espermáticas congeladas a -15 oC/min e -10 oC/min nas curvas negativas; A suplementação de vitamina C + Trolox minimiza os efeitos deletérios da criopreservação do sêmen sobre a integridade do acrossoma espermático de amostras diluídas em Tris-gema.
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Therapeutischer Einfluss des Radikalfängers Trolox in einem Mausmodell für das Rett-Syndrom: Bewertung oxidativer Stressmarker in zerebralem Gewebe / Therapeutic impact of the free-radical scavenger Trolox in a mouse model of Rett-syndrome: Assessment of oxidative stress marker in cerebral tissue

Hüser, Marc Albert 23 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.

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