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Great Britain and Turkey, 1878-85Spencer, Robert A. January 1950 (has links)
No description available.
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Using the Syrian Civil War to Measure Hierarchy: Regional Power Transition in the Middle EastClary, Eric Michael 23 March 2018 (has links)
In 2018, the Syrian Civil War will enter into its ninth year of conflict. From an international relations perspective there are few, if any, studies on state actors in regional sub-state systems. What can an intrastate conflict teach us about future dynamics of the regional interstate hierarchy? It is worthwhile to examine The Syrian Civil War for three reasons. First, Syria lies in the heart of the Middle East lending proximity to regional actors. Second, the breakdown of order in Syria represents a microcosm of the global anarchic environment. Third, Syrian Civil War is an intrastate war that encapsulates both state and non-state actors. This paper intends to provide a clear regional hierarchical analysis with future possibilities and perspectives.
For the last century realism then neorealism dominated the field of international relations, yet they are unfit theories for analyzing the Middle East's hierarchy. To address anomalies realists and neorealists incorporated preference and satisfaction, which undermined the core tenets of their theories. Power Transition Theory (PTT) incorporates satisfaction while maintaining structural organization. The addition of power and satisfaction give PTT the necessary tools to assess regional hierarchies and estimate the likelihood of conflict. This PTT theoretical framework will be used to assess the global hierarchy, the status quo set by the United States, and Syria's relation to the status quo. A synopsis of the Syrian Civil War will be provided to contextualize the actors and dyadic comparisons between actors before and after the Iranian-Russian-Syrian victory in Aleppo. The dyadic comparison indicates power and satisfaction among interested parties and if they change during the course of the conflict.
Conclusions indicate that the actors and the environment in the Syrian theater are suitable for Power Transition Theory and the data acquired by researching the Syrian Civil War affirms Yeşilada and Tanrikulu's assessment that Russia tops the Middle East's hierarchy with Turkey and Iran following at near parity. The findings reveal the veracity of Lemke's claim that PTT can be utilized for intrastate conflict. The findings substantiate my claim that intrastate conflict can inform us of a region's hierarchy.
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The embassy of Lord Ponsonby to Constantinople, 1833-1841.Anick, Norman. January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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London, Ankara, and Geneva: Anglo-Turkish Relations, The Establishment of the Turkish Borders, and the League of Nations, 1919-1939Stillwell, Stephen J. 08 1900 (has links)
This dissertation asserts the British primacy in the deliberations of the League of Nations Council between the two world wars of the twentieth century. It maintains that it was British imperial policy rather than any other consideration that ultimately carried the day in these deliberations. Given, as examples of this paramountcy, are the discussions around the finalization of the borders of the new republic of Turkey, which was created following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War. These discussions focused on three areas, the Mosul Vilayet or the Turco-Iraqi frontier, the Maritza Delta, or the Turco-Greek frontier, and the Sanjak of Alexandretta or the Turco-Syrian frontier.
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The embassy of Lord Ponsonby to Constantinople, 1833-1841.Anick, Norman January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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Changing world order : the Republic of Turkey's rise as a middle powerGrimsel, Naadirah 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Changes in world order have caused major shifts in the global positioning of states at the
international level. The end of the Cold War ushered in a new power structure that shifted
from a bipolar arrangement to a multipolar disposition. The emergence of this new world
order allowed for emerging and developing states, such as Turkey, the opportunity to fill gaps
left by the power vacuum created by the new multipolar power arrangement. This led the
Turkish state on its path to become a middle power within the new world order.
To assess the impact of changing world orders in the promotion of Turkey as a middle power
in the new order, this study uses Coxian Critical Theory and the social relations of forces
framework to account for Turkey’s middle power ascent. The framework developed by
Robert Cox consists of three aspects, namely world orders, forms of state and the social
relations of production. The change in world order both in the post-Cold War and post-2001
era has caused fundamental shifts within the Turkish state, both in terms of forms of state and
in the social relations of production. Changes in the forms of state of the Turkish Republic following the end of the Cold War
allowed for the creation of more robust civil society organizations, and a state that was
transformed by the spread of international norms that originated at the world order level.
International norms at the world order level not only affected the forms of state, but also the
social relations of production and the political economy of Turkey. As a result changes in the
forms of state and social relations of production informed by changes at the world order
level, influenced the creation and execution of a proactive autonomous and internationally
geared Turkish foreign policy, which is indicative of a middle power. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aanpassings in die wêreld orde het grootskaalse verskuiwings op internasionale vlak in die
globale positionering van state te weeg gebring. Die einde van die Koue Oorlog het ontwikkel
in ‘n nuwe mag struktuur wat beweeg het van bipolêre magskikking tot multi-polêre
ingesteldheid. Die opkoms van hierdie nuwe wêreld orde het vir opkomende en
ontwikkelende state, soos Turkye, die geleentheid gebied om in rolle in te tree wat ontstaan
het as gevolg van die magsleemte wat veroorsaak is deur die nuwe multi-polêre orde. Die
faktore het daartoe bygedra dat Turkye ‘n nuwe rol as ‘n intermedïere moondheid (‘middle
power’) begin aanneem het.
Hierdie studie het die Kritiese Teorie van Robert Cox gebruik om te bepaal wat die impak is
van die veranderende wêreld orde op die ontwikkeling van Turkye as ‘n intermedïere
moondheid in die nuwe wêreld orde, asook die mag van sosiale verwantskappe (‘social
relations of forces’) raamwerk om rekenskap te gee and Turkye se rol as intermedïere
moondheid. Die raamwerk wat deur Robert Cox ontwikkel is bestaan uit drie aspekte; die
wêreld ordes, staatsvorme, en die sosiale verwantskappe van produksie. In beide die post-
Koue Oorlog en die post-2001 era het die verandering in wêreld orde merkwaardige
verskuiwings in die Turkse staat veroorsaak; beide in terme van die aard van die staat asook
die sosiale verwantskappe van produksie. Teen die einde van die Koue Oorlog het die veranderinge in die aard van die staat van die
Turkse Republiek toegelaat dat meer kragtige burgerlike samelewingsorganisasies kon
bestaan, sowel as ‘n staat wat omskep was deur die verspreiding van internasionale norme,
wat ontstaan het op wêreld orde vlak. Hierdie internasionale norme het nie net die forms of
state vorm of aard van die staat beïnvloed nie, maar ook die sosiale verwantskappe van
produksie en die politieke ekonomie van Turkye. Uit die aard van die saak het veranderinge in
die vorm van die staat en sosiale verwantskappe van produksie wat veroorsaak was deur die
verandering op wêreld orde vlak, gelei tot die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van ‘n pro-aktiewe,
selfstandige en internationaal gerigte Turkse buitelandse beleid. Die laasgenoemde dui aan op
Turkye se ewolusie as ʼn intermedïere moondheid.
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As mudanças na política externa contemporânea da Turquia: as respostas diante das revoltas árabes pós-2011Roberto, Willian Moraes 28 February 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Turkey, located at a strategic point between Europe and the Middle East, has historically been a relevant actor on the international scene. Since 2003, with the AKP (Justice and Development Party) coming to power, the country has stood out even more. On the one hand, its political model gained prominence due to the fact that an Islamic-rooted party began to cohabit secular bureaucratic institutions, accepting democratic rules and achieving high rates of economic growth. On the other hand, the new government began a rapprochement with the Middle East through the doctrine of "Zero Problems with Neighbors" - a region that for years was little explored by the traditional Turkish elites. However, with the start of the Arab uprisings and the outbreak of the conflict in Syria in 2011, Turkey again underwent an inflection in its foreign policy. The Turkish government adopted an assertive stance, assuming a position of great influence among both the Syrian conflict and the new Islamic political movements in the region. Given this context, this dissertation has as its research question the following: why Turkey changed its foreign policy in 2011, how has it been oriented since then and what aims has it sought. We will try to argue that this inflection in 2011 occurred due to two external shocks: the Arab revolts and a new US stance towards the Middle East; nonetheless, such new stance was only possible due to AKP’s domestic reforms. In addition, we will point out that in 2011 the Turkish government adopted a more assertive foreign policy, which aimed to place the country as a new regional leader through an emphasis on its political model. Finally, we will demonstrate that, over time, due to the radicalization of the Syrian war, Turkey again changed its foreign policy in 2015, also due to new external shocks, namely the achievement of Kurdish autonomy in Syria and the rise of the Islamic State. Since then, in a scenario of greater external constraints, the Turkish government would start to pay more attention to security issues, prioritizing problems arising from Syria, especially those related to the Kurdish issue / A Turquia, localizada em um ponto estratégico entre a Europa e o Oriente Médio, historicamente um sido um ator relevante no cenário internacional. Desde 2003, com o advento ao poder do AKP (Partido da Justiça e Desenvolvimento), o país se destacou ainda mais. Por um lado, ganhou destaque seu modelo político devido ao fato de um partido de raízes islâmicas passar a coabitar instituições burocráticas seculares, aceitando as regras democráticas e conquistando altas taxas de crescimento econômico. Por outro, o novo governo iniciou uma reaproximação com o Oriente Médio através da doutrina de “Zero Problemas com Vizinhos” – região essa que há anos era pouco explorada pelas elites turcas tradicionais. Entretanto, com o início das revoltas árabes e a eclosão do conflito na Síria a partir de 2011, a Turquia novamente passou por uma inflexão em sua política externa. O governo turco passou a adotar uma postura assertiva, assumindo uma posição de grande influência tanto no conflito sírio quanto junto aos novos movimentos políticos islâmicos na região. Diante desse contexto, essa dissertação tem como pergunta de investigação por que a Turquia alterou sua política externa a partir de 2011, como foi orientada desde então e que fins buscou. Procuraremos argumentar que essa inflexão em 2011 ocorreu devido a dois choques externos: as revoltas árabes e uma nova postura dos EUA para o Oriente Médio, mas que a nova postura só foi possível devido às reformas domésticas realizadas pelo AKP. Além disso, apontaremos que, em 2011, o governo turco passou a ter uma política externa mais assertiva, objetivando colocar o país como uma espécie de liderança regional usando-se de seu modelo político. Por fim, demonstraremos que, com o passar do tempo e a radicalização da guerra na Síria, em 2015 novamente a Turquia modificou sua política externa, também devido a novos choques externos, quais sejam a autonomia curda na Síria e o surgimento do Estado Islâmico. Desde então, em um cenário de maior constrangimento e limitações externas, o governo turco passaria a enfatizar questões securitárias, priorizando problemas advindos da Síria, sobretudo aqueles ligados à questão curda
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Diplomacy and its discontents : nationalism, colonialism, imperialism and the Cyprus problem (1945-1960)Daniels, Barbara A 06 1900 (has links)
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (History))
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Diplomacy and its discontents : nationalism, colonialism, imperialism and the Cyprus problem (1945-1960)Daniels, Barbara A 06 1900 (has links)
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (History))
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Les relations de la Turquie avec les ex-républiques soviétiques eurasiennes et caucasiennes sous Turgut Özal: une tentative de soft powerYakacikli, Lebriz 20 May 2008 (has links)
Il s'agit d'étudier la tentative de la Turquie de se positionner comme une puissance sur les échiquiers eurasiens et caucasiens sous la présidence de Turgut Ozal / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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