In this thesis, we consider the massive field theories in 1+1 dimensions known as affine Toda quantum field theories. These have the special property that they possess an infinite number of conserved quantities, a feature which greatly simplifies their study, and makes extracting exact information about them a tractable problem. We consider these theories both in the full space (the bulk) and in the half space bounded by an impenetrable boundary at x = 0. In particular, we consider their fundamental objects: the scattering matrices in the bulk, and the reflection factors at the boundary, both of which can be found in a closed form. In Chapter 1, we provide a general introduction to the topic before going on, in Chapter 2, to consider the simplest ATFT—the sine-Gordon model—with a boundary. We begin by studying the classical limit, finding quite a clear picture of the boundary structure we can expect in the quantum case, which is introduced in Chapter 3. We obtain the bound-state structure for all integrable boundary conditions, as well as the corresponding reflection factors. This structure turns out to be much richer than had hitherto been imagined. We then consider more general ATFTs in the bulk. The sine-Gordon model is based on a(^(1))(_1), but there is an ATFT for any semi-simple Lie algebra. This underlying structure is known to show up in their S-matrices, but the path back to the parameters in the Lagrangian is still unclear. We investigate this, our main result being the discovery of a "generalised bootstrap" equation which explicitly encodes the Lie algebra into the S-matrix. This leads to a number of new S-matrix identities, as well as a generalisation of the idea that the conserved charges of the theory form an eigenvector of the Cartan matrix. Finally our results are summarised in Chapter 5, and possible directions for further study are highlighted.

The thermal response analysis of an ablative material on a two dimensional external surface is performed. The method is applied to both rectangular and cylindrical coordinate systems, where rectangular coordinate system is used for comparison with results available in literature. The current study solves the decomposition of the material at high temperatures by using the nth order Arrhenius equation but excludes the removal of char from the surface due to mechanical erosion or phase change and considers that the ablation process takes place in a finite zone. The method considers the whole domain as one computational domain, eliminating the necessity to check the positions of the start and end of decomposition zone. The decomposition of pyrolysis gases and/or char that may occur at high temperatures and the chemical reaction between pyrolysis gases and char is neglected while pyrolysis gases are assumed to behave as ideal gas. The pressure is taken as a constant value on a whole physical domain. The formulation for one-dimensional case is validated by experimental results obtained from literature. The two-dimensional case in a Cartesian geometry is formulated and an algebraic transformation is used to normalize the region in both directions and transformed at same time into a square computational domain in order to get a solution for the variable thickness domains. The formulation for two-dimensional case is revised for the cylindrical coordinates with finite length in the axial direction. To solve geometries where the outer surface deviates from cylindrical, the formulation is scaled and transformed into a non-dimensional square computational domain. The method is also applied to a two layer material problem in axisymmetric geometry. In all problems, the radiation and constant heat flux boundary conditions exist on the outer surface while whole domain is initially at a constant temperature. Case studies are performed to demonstrate the application of the solution method in optimizing the insulation material thickness.

This thesis analyzes procedure of generation of hyperbolic grids formulated by two constraints, which specify grid orthogonality and cell volume. The procedure was applied on a wide range of geometries and high quality two and three dimensional hyperbolic grids were generated by using grid control and smoothing procedures, which supply grid clustering in all directions and prevent grid deformation (grid shock), respectively.

The current study was designed to: (1) compare the sensitivity of a 2-dimensional video-based system with a 3-dimensional optical system, and (2) investigate movement on the affected and unaffected side of the face during the production of various functional movement tasks in 5 patients who had undergone facial reanimation surgery. The study showed that: (1) distance is the most valuable measure for evaluating facial paralysis, regardless of system; (2) movements associated with maximal contraction and running speech tasks are most informative when assessing facial paralysis; (3) area and volume ratios may be an appropriate measure for tracking changes in facial movement over time; (4) velocity and acceleration measures provide minimal information regarding facial movement; and (5) 2-dimensional analysis is most effective when distance is measured during maximal contraction and running speech tasks. Both systems were effective in tracking small movements of the face, but the 3-dimensional system was superior overall.

付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学卓越大学院プログラム「先端光・電子デバイス創成学」 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23690号 / 理博第4780号 / 新制||理||1684(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 耕一郎, 教授 金光 義彦, 教授 柳瀬 陽一 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

An analytical dispersion model has been derived to determine the distribution of velocities and concentrations of a tracer in a two-dimensional jet in a coflowing ambient fluid. The particular novelty of this model is that it bridges the gap between near-field (where initial momentum dominates behaviour) and far-field (where ambient turbulence is more important) domains. We describe this domain as the ???intermediate field???. In a literature review of coflowing jets we find several laboratory studies and models which can predict the velocities (and in some cases concentrations) in a 2D jet, however they all have shortcomings. None could fully account for ambient turbulence, and all were strictly near-field, i.e. they are unable to describe behaviour when ambient turbulence dominates the initial shear. A brief review of analytical far-field models was also undertaken. There are standard solutions for the dispersion of a 2D continuous source but none that allow for an initial source momentum or non-uniform velocity. As opposed to the near-field coflow approach used by other researchers we start from the far-field, modifying the simple diffusion models by perturbing the governing equations to allow for the initial momentum. Models are developed for both along-stream velocity and the concentration field of a tracer. From the velocity model, a comparison is made with experimental data available from one researcher (Wang, 1996) and an existing near-field coflow model PJCMERG (Davidson, 1989). The initial conditions (width and excess velocity) for our model are determined by Gaussian curve fitting to an arbitrary point in the near-field. The diffusivity parameter is used to adjust (tune) the model until the centreline velocity profile matches. We can always achieve this match and to a much closer degree than PJCMERG. There are no available laboratory or field data for concentrations of a tracer in a 2D coflowing jet although the near-field model PJCMERG does have a tracer component. We demonstrate how PJCMERG cannot converge to any far-field model, while our model provides a neat transition between the near-field and far-field. We have started the extension of the 2D model to the more common 3D situation although we have yet to carry out any comparisons with other models or data. The model development is included in an appendix for other researchers to pick up.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_fa_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1538872 bytes, checksum: ed8c4839c4ecda41a8481b80cb1e81f7 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a presença de selênio em spots protéicos de amostras de plasma, músculo e fígado de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) obtidos após separação das proteínas por eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida em segunda dimensão (2D-PAGE) e posterior avaliação qualitativa por fluorescência de raios-X com radiação síncrotron (SR-XRF). A análise dos espectros de fluorescência obtidos indicaram a presença de selênio em oito proteínas do plasma, seis proteínas do músculo e cinco proteínas do fígado. Observou-se que o selênio está distribuído em sua maioria em proteínas com massa molar menor que 50 kDa. Proteínas acima de 50 kDa foram encontradas somente no plasma. / An investigation was made into selenium in protein spots of samples of plasma, muscle and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) obtained after protein separation by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and subsequent qualitative evaluation by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SR-XRF). An analysis of the fluorescence spectra indicated the presence of selenium in eight plasma proteins, six muscle proteins, and five liver proteins. Selenium was found to be distributed mainly in proteins with a molar mass smaller than 50 kDa. Proteins with a molar mass higher than 50 kDa was found only in the plasma.

Resumo: A bactéria fitopatogênica Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) é o agente causal do cancro cítrico, responsável por perdas significativas na citricultura nacional e mundial. Com a finalidade de se obter um primeiro mapa proteômico de referência da Xac, as bactérias foram cultivadas em dois meios não indutores de virulência (meios CN e TS8), e as proteínas foram digeridas com tripsina e analisadas pela tecnologia de MudPIT (Tecnologia de Identificação Multidimensional de Proteínas). Trinta e nove por cento de todas as proteínas preditas pelo genoma da Xac foram identificadas através de seus peptídeos, e estão distribuídas em todas as categorias funcionais. Além disso, 25% das proteínas designadas como hipotéticas conservadas do genoma foram identificadas. Outro objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o perfil de expressão protéico durante a patogênese decorrente do contato Xac::citros. Para isso, Xac em condição infectante foi cultivada em meio indutor de virulência XAM1 por 24 h, ou recuperadas de folhas de laranjeiras inoculadas após 3 ou 5 dias de infecção, tendo como referência a Xac cultivada em meio CN. A tecnologia 20 + MS detectou 228 proteínas diferencialmente expressas em condição infectante, e a tecnologia MudPIT identificou 1.679 proteínas de Xac. Um total de 57 proteínas diferenciais [17 (20 + MS) + 40 (MudPIT)] associadas à patogenicidade e virulência, na interação Xac::citros são discutidas neste trabalho, destacando-se proteínas do Sistema de Secreção Tipo 111 (SSTT), 11 (SSTO) e IV (SSTO), efetoras do SSTT, proteínas relacionadas a estresse, goma xantana, carência nutricional, entre outras. / Abstract: The phytopathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) is the causal agent of the citrus canker disease, which responds for important losses in national and worldwide citriculture. In arder to obtain the first proteomic reference map of Xac, the bacterium was grown on two non-inductive media for bacterial virulence (CN and TSB media) and proteins were proteolysed with trypsin and analyzed by MudPIT technology (Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology). Thirty nine per cent of ali predicted proteins from Xac genome were identified with their component peptides as belonging to ali functional categories. Besides, 25% of proteins described as conserved hypothetical in Xac's genome were identified. Another aim of this study was to analyze the proteome profile during Xac::citrus pathogenesis. For this reason, infecting Xac was grown in XAM1 virulence inductive medium for 24 h, or recovered from infected citrus leaves at 3 or 5 days of infection, taking Xac grown on CN medium as reference. The 20 + MS technology has detected 228 differentially expressed proteins in infecting conditional, and MudPIT technology identified 1679 Xac proteins. A total of 57 differential proteins [17 (20 + MS) + 40 (MudPIT)] related to pathogenicity and virulence during Xac::citrus interaction are discussed in this study, emphasizing proteins of type 111 (SSTT), 11 (SSTO) and IV (SSTQ) secretion system, effectors of SSTT, proteins related to stress, xanthan gum, starvation, among others. / Orientador: Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro / Coorientador: Julio Cezar Franco de Oliveira / Banca: Haroldo Alves Pereira Júnior / Banca: Márcia Regina Soares da Silva / Banca: Manoel Victor Franco Lemos / Banca: João Martins Pizauro Júnior / Doutor

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil proteico do plasma seminal equino utilizando eletroforese bidimensional de gel de acrilamida (2D-PAGE) e determinar se algumas das proteínas presentes estavam relacionadas com a congelabilidade do sêmen. O plasma seminal foi coletado de dez garanhões, de alta e baixa congelabilidade de sêmen, provenientes do Haras Estatal da Baixa Saxônia, na cidade de Celle, na Alemanha e rotineiramente utilizados em programas de inseminação artificial. Vinte e cinco bandas proteicas foram encontradas nos géis bidimensionais (12%) e sete delas foram identificadas por MALDI-MS. Das 25 proteínas encontradas nas amostras de plasma seminal dos garanhões, duas bandas proteicas apresentaram densidade óptica superior (P<0,05) nas amostras de garanhões de alta congelabilidade o sêmen: as bandas 5 (80-85 kDa, pI 7,54), que foi identificada como CRISP3 e a 45 (18,2 kDa, pI 5,0-5,2) identificada como HSP-2. Contrariamente a banda 7 (75,4 kDa, pI 6,9 – 7,4), identificada como lactoferrina, a 15 (26,7 kDa, pI 5,51) identificada como calicreína, a 25 (25 kDa, pI 7,54) como CRISP3 e a 35 (13,9 kDa, pI 3,8 – 4,2) que foi identificada como HSP-1, apresentaram valores de densidade óptica superior (P<0,05) nos reprodutores de baixa congelabilidade do sêmen. As proteínas foram identificadas através de espectometria de massa MALDI-MS. As evidências encontradas neste experimento mostram que existem diferenças no perfil proteico dos reprodutores de alta e baixa congelabilidade do sêmen, sugerindo as proteínas CRISP3 e a HSP-2 como possíveis marcadores da alta congelabilidade de sêmen de garanhões. / The objective of this study was to evaluate protein profile of equine seminal plasma using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and to find if any of these proteins were related to semen freezability. Seminal plasma was collected from 10 stallions of high and low semen freezability routinely used in AI programs from the State Stud of Lower Saxony and Artificial Insemination Center. Twenty five protein spots were identified from the 2 D gel (12%), seven of which were present in all samples. Of the 25 proteins found in the research stallions, two spots showed superior relative content (P<0.05) in seminal plasma samples collected from stallions with high semen freezability: the spots 5 (80-85 kDa, pI 7.54) was identified as CRISP3 and 45 (18.2 kDa, pI 5.0-5.2) was identified as HSP-2. Conversely, the spot 7 (75.4 kDa, pI 6.9 – 7.4) was identified as lactoferrin, 15 (26.7 kDa, pI 5.51) was identified as kallikrein, 25 (25 kDa, pI 7.54) was identified as CRISP3 and 35 (13.9 kDa, pI 3.8 – 4.2) was identified as HSP-1, showed superior relative protein content (P<0.05) on seminal plasma samples from stallions with low semen freezability. The proteins were identified by MALDI-MS. There were differences in the seminal plasma protein profile between stallions with high and low semen freezability. It may be suggested that CRISP3 and HSP-2 may be considered possible seminal plasma markers of high semen freezability.