The following research records the functionality of collections of wealthy individuals in an effort to clarify the current system of collection categorization. Although many functions were indeed possible, this research will be restricted to the discussion of collections in which objects reveal the collector’s devotional, social, and intellectual curiosity. These classifications reflect the most prevalent themes initiated by my research on collections of royal and affluent collectors during the Early Modern Period, and as such are the three most rational means of discussing collections as functional, working, tools.

BOHEMIA, CARINTHIA AND TYROL UNDER THE RULE OF HENRY OF CARINTHIA (JAKUB RAZIM) ABSTRACT The aim of this dissertation is to describe the governing practice (Herrschaftspraxis) of Henry of Carinthia in Bohemia, Carinthia and, subsequently, especially in the Tyrol, in whose southern parts the power base of the Menhart dynasty was situated. The work focuses on four key features of Henry's rule - constructing consensus between ruler and elites, exploiting feudal rights, the use of mortgages, and the use of culture to project political themes. The analysis of the various power techniques used is divided into individual chapters drawing on sources previously unpublished or insufficiently explored. The first group consists of Tyrolean chancery registers (Tiroler Kanzleiregister) and accounts books (Tiroler Rechnungsbücher, alternatively Raitbücher), the second of Austrian court poetry. Following the initial introduction of the sources, bibliography and methodology used for dealing with this particular topic, the consensual context is introduced, within which the rule of Henry of Carinthia was conducted, ranging from informal consultations to deliberations of the royal council. A list of counsellors, along with short biographical sketches, is included. The third and the fourth chapters consider the role played by...

A Colônia Tirolesa de Piracicaba, no estado de São Paulo, é formada por dois bairros rurais, Santana e Santa Olímpia, e preserva o dialeto trentino (ali chamado tirolês) desde os anos de sua fundação, entre 1892 e 1893. O dialeto trentino ainda falado pelos descendentes mais velhos da comunidade foi trazido pelos fundadores da colônia, imigrantes saídos de Romagnano, Sardagna, Cortesano, Vigo Meano e Albiano, localidades próximas à cidade de Trento (em alemão, Trient), capital do antigo Principado Episcopal de Trento no interno do domínio austríaco e no Sacro Império Romano-Germânico até 1810, centro cultural e administrativo do Tirol Italiano (em alemão Welschtirol) no governo austro-húngaro de 1864 a 1918, e atual capital administrativa da Província Autônoma de Trento e da Região Autônoma Trentino-Tirol do Sul, pertencente à Itália desde 1919. O presente trabalho propõe analisar os aspectos fonéticos e lexicais do trentino piracicabano em suas duas variantes dialetais, próprias a cada um dos bairros que compõem, juntos, a Colônia Tirolesa de Piracicaba, confrontando algumas de suas principais características com o atual dialeto trentino europeu do Vale do Ádige, na Itália, e apresentando os resultados fonéticos e lexicais do contato linguístico entre o dialeto trentino e o português brasileiro da região de Piracicaba. Acreditamos que as análises servirão para um melhor conhecimento sobre a realidade linguística da colonização tirolesa, bem como para uma compreensão mais abrangente acerca da imigração trentina no interno da comumente chamada imigração italiana no Brasil, demonstrando que aspectos como a identidade, a memória e, sobretudo, a diversidade linguística, são importantes na composição social dos brasileiros. / The two districts of Santana and Santa Olímpia in the city of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, together constitute the Tyrolean Colony of Piracicaba, which preserves the Trentinian dialect (called tirolés in these areas) since the times of its foundation, between 1892 and 1893. This Trentinian dialect, still spoken by the oldest members of the community, was brought there by the founders of the Colony, immigrants from Romagnano, Sardagna, Cortesano, Vigo Meano and Albiano, small villages near the city of Trent (Trento in Italian or Trient in German) - which served as capital of the former Prince-Bishopric of Trent, in the Austrian circle of the Holy Roman Empire until 1810, then as cultural and administrative center of the Italian Tyrol (Welschtirol in German) during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 1864 to 1918, and finally as the capital of the Autonomous Province of Trent and of the Autonomous Region Trentino-South Tyrol, which belongs to Italy since 1919. The present work aims to analyze the phonetic and lexical aspects of the Trentinian dialect of Piracicaba in its two variants, each one inherent to one of the two neighborhoods which together form the Tyrolean Colony of Piracicaba, comparing some of its main characteristics with the present Trentinian European dialect from the Adige Valley, in Italy, and presenting the phonetic and lexical results of the language contact between the Trentinian dialect and the Brazilian Portuguese in the region of Piracicaba. We believe that these analyses will lead to a better understanding of the linguistic situation of the Tyrolean colonization, as well as a broader comprehension of the Trentinian immigration inside the so called Italian immigration in Brazil, thus demonstrating that aspects such as identity, memory and especially the linguistic diversity are of utmost importance in the social composition of Brazilians.

South Tyrol, which is situated on the border between Austria and Italy, has been considered a 'peace model' by many nation-states since the creation of the province's autonomy statutes. The objective of these statutes was to allow for minority protection of the German- and Ladin-speaking communities while also permitting Austria to be the 'protector' of South Tyrol even though the province is situated in Italy. Another bi-product of these statutes was the creation of the 'separate but equal' education system, which allowed the German-, Italian- and Ladin-speaking communities to have individual schools in order to protect their culture and language identity. In the past several decades, there has been an increase in 'mixed' marriages with members of differing language groups producing bilingual children. Additionally, civil service positions now require that all applicants have a mandatory comprehension of the L2, or in some cases L3, in order to apply for certain posts. As the education system tries to adjust to local concerns regarding the insufficient teaching of the L2 in monolingual education, the concept of South Tyrol as a 'peace model' is brought into question. In this thesis, I examine how the South Tyrolean school system is reflective of society at large as its divided education mirrors the current fissures existent amongst the language communities. With parents looking for alternative measures to instruct their children in the L2, some residents would prefer a bilingual schooling option to encourage inter-group assimilation. Furthermore, I discuss, outside of education, external social factors in the region which impact L2 learning creating language learning 'blocks' and 'victim' versus 'conqueror' mentalities. The objective of this research is to try and understand how South Tyrol continues to be in transition as the province adjusts to more bilingualism despite the historical need to preserve the language minorities.

Since the end of the Second World War, scholars have attempted to understand why Fascist Italy chose to adopt the racial laws in 1938. For sixteen years, Benito Mussolini rejected the existence of antisemitism in Italy, leading many to assert that the antisemitic program was a foreign import. The rise of Nazi Germany, expansion of Fascist Italy's colonial empire, and the desire to create the new fascist man are generally believed to be the main factors that pushed Italian fascism towards a racial program. Yet these factors do not fully explain the radical shift in Fascist Italy's approach to its Jewish minority. This dissertation argues that the turn towards official racism should also take into consideration the development of fascism's other long-standing minority program. Beginning in 1923, the Fascist government instituted policies to "Italianize" the Germanic and Slavic ethno-linguistic minority communities of South Tyrol (Venezia Tridentina) and the Adriatic (Venezia Giulia), known as the allogeni. To "make Italians" of the allogeni the Fascist government stripped them of their linguistic, cultural and political rights, and attempted to absorb them into the national community. However, by the end of the 1920s, Fascist officials began to question whether the assimilation of these ethno-linguistic Others was sufficient or even desirable. I argue that the failures of Italianization led to the delegitimization of assimilation - the foundation upon which Jewish inclusion had been built. The decline of assimilation was an important precursor to the rise of fascism's racial program. This dissertation posits that the borderland Italianization program and racial laws were different phases of the Fascist "redemptive struggle," aimed at redeeming the Italian people and nation through their unification in both being and spirit. The borderland Italianization programs also established some of the methods and procedures that would be adopted for the implementation of the racial laws.

S’inscrivant dans une réflexion sociolinguistique et didactique, cette thèse propose de sonder les appropriations langagières et les imaginaires linguistiques de collégien-ne-s de la ville de Bozen-Bolzano dans le Sud- Tyrol/Haut-Adige. Dans cette Province italienne officiellement multilingue qui bénéficie d’un Statut de protection de la minorité germanophone, le vivre-ensemble est fortement marqué par la séparation des écoles sur une base ethnolinguistique. La présence relativement récente de migrants transnationaux invite à porter un regard renouvelé sur les dynamiques d’identification entre « autochtones » et « allochtones » et, plus particulièrement, à en considérer les implications au niveau éducatif. En donnant des appareils photos jetables à des collégien-nes de la ville de Bozen-Bolzano avec la mission de photographier « les langues du quartier » pour en faire une exposition, il s’agit d’interroger les façons dont, dans une ville qui semble incarner une certaine hybridité, des jeunes interprètent la pluralité qui les environne. / This thesis proposes to investigate the linguistic appropriations and the conceptualizations of language of secondary school students in the town of Bozen-Bolzano in South Tyrol / Alto Adige, as a sociolinguistic and didactic reflection. In this officially multilingual Italian province, which enjoys a status of protection of the German-speaking minority, living together is strongly marked by the separation of schools on an ethnolinguistic basis. The relatively recent presence of transnational migrants calls for a renewed look at the dynamics of identification between "indigenous" and "non-indigeneous" and, more particularly, its implications for education. By giving disposable cameras to secondary school students in the town of Bozen-Bolzano, a city that seems to embody a certain hybridism, with the mission of photographing "the languages of the neighborhood" to create an exhibition, the goal is to investigate the ways young people interpret the plurality that surrounds them.

This study investigates host community attitudes towards tourism in South Tyrol’s Puster Valley in Italy along with predispositions against the emerging phenomenon of overtourism and explores the factors influencing its formations, as similar research in the same European context with a more mature tourism industry is still underdeveloped. Applying quantitative methods, data was collected through an online survey between May and June 2021. A total of 17 attitude statements were analyzed using IBM’s SPSS and the results indicate that tourism impacts in the valley are perceived evenly throughout the whole community while it was proven with Social Exchange Theory that people involved within the tourism industry are less inclined to perceive negative impacts. Choosing the Pragser Wildsee as a case, the analysis further reveals that overtourism is not only affecting residents in its vicinity put has more far-reaching consequences. Even the results not being very surprising, the study is confirming tourism-related issues and suggests more need in investigating resident attitudes in similar environments.

South Tyrol is an autonomous province, which belongs to the Italian Republic. Its territory is specific for several reasons. This is caused by the historical development and also by the fact that South Tyrol is a crossroad where the Germanic culture and language meets the Romanesque one. The citizens are usually bilingual. The language issue offers a large number of topics, which can be further examined. This thesis is focused on language use in the public sector nowadays. First, the historical context of the South Tyrolean question will be explained with focus on language because the current state results from past events. Second, I will explore three following areas of the public sector: communication with public administration, politicians and at school. The main emphasis will be again placed on language. Next, I will deal with the language model of South Tyrol. My goal is to try to answer this question: Is the described model functional, stable and possibly transferable?

This master thesis deals with the function of the strategic planning for the tourism policy in the Austrian federal state of Tyrol. Tourism stands for a very important sector of the Tyrol's economy and there are many participants who influence its coursing on the vertical and horizontal level as well. The issue is very complex, multi-layer and cross-sectional. Strategic documents belong to the characteristic attributes of the Tyrol's tourism policy since the 1970's. Their existence is enshrined in the Tyrol's Law on the Tourism Policy. The newest strategic document is called Der Tiroler Weg 2021. The mainstay of this master thesis is based on the analysis of the attitude, that the Tyrol's political system holds on the forming of this special and non-legislative document. The strategic planning is intentionally shifted from the political system to other extern subjects, to them the following belong: the organisation Tirol Werbung GmbH, Economic Chamber of Tyrol and the Association of the Tyrol's Tourism Unions. The master thesis aims to find out, what motivations make the political system to act in this way and how can this outsourcing in the strategic planning for this multi-sectoral sector help to coordinate the different interests of many involved participants, towards the sustainable development...

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