This thesis begins by arguing that dominant ethical approaches to the study of war in International Relations have failed to illuminate the moral and ethical complexities present in contemporary war practices such as drone warfare, private military contracting, and counterinsurgency. Such approaches are unable to account for the changing nature of war and resultant shifts in the ethical landscape of modern conflict. In particular, there has been a tendency amongst mainstream perspectives on the ethics of war (including here just war theory as well as traditions based in conceptions of rights and justice) to continue to view contemporary political violence in an abstract and individuated sense, whereby subjectivity and agency are constituted in isolation from other actors. This viewpoint obscures a central realm of ethical activity in war: the relational and experiential aspects of modern warfare where moral knowledge and understanding are constituted in relation to the needs of others, through a sense of responsibility, awareness, and connectedness with those around us. As an alternative to these existing approaches, this thesis engages in a redescription of feminist ethics premised on the notion of care. The theoretical framework constructed therein articulates a feminist care ethical vision based in four key areas: relationality, experience, empathy, and responsibility. These points assert the need for a relational ontology; recognize the importance of lived reality and experience; demonstrate a commitment to responsiveness and connectedness to others; and acknowledge a responsibility to the needs of particular others as central to morality. Using this framework, the remainder of the thesis explores the ethical nature of drone warfare, private military contracting, and counterinsurgency to demonstrate the usefulness of such a feminist ethical lens to our understandings of morality in post-9/11 conflict. In so doing, the framework exposes the complex web of relationships and experiences that are at work in the ethical decision-making processes of those who participate in and are impacted by war. It uncovers a new articulation of how ethics plays out in international conflict – one that acknowledges our constant interactions as social beings in the world, which continuously shape and reshape moral action.

Periods of military transition contain unique experiences. For those serving this includes the transition to military deployment, and upon leaving the armed forces, this includes the transition into civilian life. Given the implementation of Britain’s armed forces community covenant, which aims to bridge the gap between military and civilian communities, further exploration of the needs of military personnel is required. This thesis informs understanding of military transition experiences at a time when, following the recent restructuring of the UK armed forces the number of veterans, reservist personnel and their families requiring care from the National Health Service is likely to increase significantly. Chapter one is a critical review of the qualitative research exploring the influence of military deployment on women military spouses. Following both database and manual searches twelve studies were included and reviewed. Spouses described complex experiences that contained both challenges and opportunities for positive growth. Differences between spouses of those from reserve or regular armed forces are explored. The review highlights the heterogeneity of the population and the need to modify current conceptualisations of deployment experiences, to understand the complexity of individual needs. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Chapter two is a qualitative research study that explored Army veterans’ lived experiences of relationships built with military comrades, and how these might have influenced the transition into civilian life. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis, it provides an in-depth account of military relational experiences and the integral role that these experiences had in the formation and maintenance of military identity. Implications for future research, alongside suggestions for clinical practice and service development are discussed. Chapter three is reflective account, exploring the interface between the researcher’s self and the research process. It explores the position of the researcher and the parallels between the research topic and their own impending professional transition into qualified life.

1. The influence of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor U-0521 on isotonic contraction of isolated rat vas deferens was examined to determine optimal concentration and nonspecific effects. 2. Maximum responses to (-)-epinephrine were increased at 0.4 μM and 1 μM concentrations of U-0521. Epinephrine responses were progressively decreased in the presence of higher concentrations (10 μM, 30 μM and 100 μM) Of U-0521. 3. The response to the nonadrenergic agonist neurokinin A was similarly depressed in the presence of 100 μM U-0521. 4. U-0521 not only inhibits COMT, at concentrations above 1 μM it nonspecifically depresses contraction of the rat vas deferens by both adrenergic and nonadrenergic agonists.

Two concentrated analog insulins, long-acting insulin glargine U-300 (Toujeo) and rapid-acting insulin lispro (Humalog U-200), were recently approved by the FDA. Providers must be aware of clinical differences in these new product formulations compared with their nonconcentrated formulations, so that they can select appropriate patients for these products and minimize drug errors.

The British Army’s regular Mounted Infantry was arguably one of the most important innovations of the late Victorian and Edwardian armies. This thesis explores the regular Mounted Infantry model from its origins in extemporised infantry detachments overseas to its formal organisation as non-cavalry mounted troops before the First World War and juxtaposes its organisation and changing roles with its fractious relationship with the cavalry. Using four campaigns as case studies, the thesis provides a comparative assessment of the Mounted Infantry’s military effectiveness that culminated in it becoming the successful archetype for the British soldier in South Africa in the years 1901- 02. The Mounted Infantry’s uniqueness compared to other nations’ armies is considered and the thesis identifies how other armies satisfied the requirement for mobile firepower. The Mounted Infantry was abolished in 1913 prior to the First World War. The reasons influencing this decision are analysed and indicate that the Mounted Infantry’s abolition owed more to politics than lack of military utility. The thesis concludes that rather than an impecunious alternative to an inadequate cavalry, the Mounted Infantry paradigm satisfied a particular need borne out of colonial campaigning.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the current state in the construction sectorwithin the co-ordination of building work environment. The outcome of the analysiswill be implemented in a process model which aims to secure a safe workenvironment. As a result of a change in the Swedish Work Environment Act in 2009the government presented two new titles in the construction sector. The two newtitles were named: building work environment coordinator for design and planning (BAS-P) and building work environment coordinator for execution(BAS-U).Together they are responsible for the building work environmentco-ordination throughout the whole building process. The information gathering for the study was mainly based on interviews carried outwith professionals with experience from either of the two titles. Although the workprocess is regulated by the law but also internally in the companies, there is still awide diversity in how the work is executed. The interviews also led to the conclusionthat there is a lack of communication between the two parts and further thatsome designers are lacking in knowledge of how the designed details are carriedout in practice. After the conclusions above were made, a process model which will encourage active communication was developed. The process model is a folder hierarchy which will simplify the co-ordination of building work environment for each operator. It is also a way for the companies of ensuring that each operator uses the samedocuments in order to set a standard and prevent miscommunication. / Detta examensarbete har utförts i samverkan med Skanska Stockholm Hus Nord som uttryckte ett behov av en utredning inom ämnet byggarbetsmiljösamordning.Studien syftar till att ta fram ett förslag till en arbetsmodell som implementeras i entreprenörens samtliga projekt för att säkerställa en god arbetsmiljö.  Den 1 januari 2009 tillkom två nya arbetsroller i byggbranschen i samband med en förändring i arbetsmiljölagen och arbetsmiljöverkets föreskrifter. En Byggarbetsmiljösamordnareför planering och projektering (BAS-P) och en byggarbetsmiljösamordnareför utförande (BAS-U). Rollerna infördes med syftet att tillse en god arbetsmiljö under hela byggprocessen och därmed minska antalet olyckor i branschen. Arbetet inom byggarbetsmiljösamordning är reglerat till viss del i arbetsmiljölagen men hur varje BAS väljer att arbeta varierar. Av den anledning skapas en problemställning som resulterar i arbetsmiljörisker, dålig kommunikation och kunskapsbrist. Detta examensarbete behandlar hur arbetsmiljösamordnarnasarbete fungerar idag. Hur de arbetar individuellt och mot varandra, kommunicerar och samverkar samt hur denna viktiga samordningkan förbättras.  En kvalitativ intervjustudie har genomförts med nio informanter som arbetar med byggarbetsmiljösamordning i antingen projektering eller produktion. För att erhålla en tillfredställande spridning valdes informanter med olika företagsbakgrundsamt med erfarenhet av olika stora projekt. Utfallet av intervjuerna indikerar en brist på kunskap inom arbetsmiljö hos enskilda projektörer, att arbetsgången är väldigt inkonsekvent och att de två samordnarna inte kommunicerartillräckligt mycket. Arbetsmiljöverkets riktlinjer för hur arbetet ska utförasidag är otydliga och branschens utveckling av arbetsrollerna upplevs gå långsamt. Dessa faktorer leder till att det ofta uppstår komplikationer som påverkarprojekts säkerhet, tid och ekonomi.  Studiens resultat har legat till grund för rekommendationer som tagits fram. Dessa rekommendationer har implementerats i utformningen av en mappstrukturmed syfte att förenkla aktörernas arbete inom byggarbetsmiljösamordning

The Algerian War (1954-62) has been recognised by historians, sociologists and cultural theorists as one of the most divisive episodes in recent French history. Yet the historiography of the conflict is marked by periods when the war was broadly absent from the national memorial sphere, contrasting against others where violent memories of the conflict have coalesced around issues such as immigration, torture, and historical education. This thesis articulates how these and other social frameworks have influenced the cultural memory of the 1.2 million French military service conscripts, or appelés, who served during the Algerian War. Taking a quantitative and qualitative approach, informed by a Halbwachsian model of collective memory formation, and interdisciplinary readings on the social frameworks of Algerian War memory in France, this thesis thus outlines a historiography of constructions of the appelés in French cultural memory, which pays due attention to the medium in which that memory is constructed. Beginning with an overview of a wide corpus of appelé cultural memories from five media, through dialogue with historical, cultural and sociological literature about the conscripts and models of Algerian War memory, the thesis develops an appelé specific phasing of cultural memory. The thesis then advances four case studies which each examine constructions of the appelés in a distinct medium, and situates them within the appropriate phase in the evolution of appelé cultural memory. These studies consider the construction of the appelés in: firstly, television news magazine Cinq colonnes à la une (1959-60); secondly, two prose texts, Philippe Labro’s Des Feux Mals Éteints (1967) and Noël Favrelière’s Le Déserteur (1973); thirdly, Marc Garanger’s photo album La Guerre d’Algérie vue par un appelé du contingent (1984); and finally, three sets of texts drawn from contemporary online digital media.

Januari 1st of 2009 was the day that changed tee coordination of the Swedish building work environment. Big changes were made in the law of working environment and the related regulation, this was made as the result of high mortality and a branch of industry often hit with injuries. Two types of building work environments coordinators were appointed, one for planning and design and one for the execution of construction work. The two disciplines of coordinators are meant to complement each other through out the project and in that way ensure a good and healthy environment for both construction workers and the future building administrator. In this thesis, a company in Stockholm is being viewed to see how they work to ensure the working environment is good. The study is based on interviews with staff currently working as a coordinator in either phase. The result shows that there are good possibilities for a well functioning building work environment. The ambitions of the coordinator of the executing contributing early in the projects exists and is applied when possible. There are room for development in the feedback of experience and also in the handover. If the handover would be implemented the way it is meant to be, the flow of information would be assured and thus unforeseen risks would decrease leading to a safer building work environment.

This thesis assesses British naval and military co-operation in the form of combined operations during the Nine Years War, 1688-1697, and the War of the Spanish Succession, 1702-1713. The operational history of the joint actions is related and used to drive forward the determination of two inter-related themes. These are, how combined operations might be defined as an instrument of warfare during this period; and secondly, the place of such operations within the military component of Britain's wartime Grand Strategy. With respect to the former, previous definitions embodying the benchmarks of objectives and composition of force are set against the history and built upon to incorporate three further categories of definition: theatre of war, bureaucratic control and command structure. As a result, it is argued that no blanket definition for combined operations can be arrived at, but that any one of the five categories can provide insights into combined operations as an instrument of warfare. The second theme places the strategic objectives of these operations within the context of British war policy and explores their relationship to the 'Maritime' and 'Continental' strategic traditions. While it becomes clear that combined operations were thought to possess neither an independent nor a war-winning strategic capability, they do appear to have consistently filled a role in Grand Strategy which acted either simultaneously or separately in support of the naval and military strategic interests. With the categories for definition and a strategic role established for such joint army-navy ventures, the thesis concludes by considering whether during these wars there were any factors common to the more successful, and conversely to the failing, combined operations. Although a pattern or mould for a successful combined operation cannot be established, it is shown that the origins of the developed historical practice of this type of warfare - demonstrated to such effect later in the eighteenth century - can be traced in the two wars considered in this study.

Due to the current military climate, a large number of military service men and women often experience prolonged and repeated separations from their families due to overseas deployment. This has been shown to have potentially detrimental effects on the family system, spouse relationships and on the child. This study aimed to use qualitative methods to explore the individual experiences of UK mothers who had children living at home when their husbands deployed overseas. It aimed to examine their views on how they believed the deployment experience impacted on their children. This included reports on their experiences of welfare packages offered by the military and related support services. The study also aimed to highlight any personally developed examples of possible good practice. A single method design was used, utilising semi-structured interviews following a discovery spine interview technique. The conducted interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis based on Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and drawing on aspects of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach (2006). From the analysis it was shown that it was felt by mothers that deployment affected children both positively and negatively. For some there were negatively perceived changes in behaviour as well as significant feelings of loss both in terms of relationship and physical presence. There were also descriptions of increased negative emotional states and an ongoing experience of maladaptive life events concurrent with life within a military community. In positive terms, the experience of deployment was described as prompting beneficial behavioural changes as well as enabling them to develop more positive aspects to their character. Their increased thoughtfulness and ability to empathise was seen as a contributing factor to enhancing their relationships both with the deployed parent and with those who remained at home. This study highlights the need for increased attention to military children’s well-being in the UK and the under-researched impact of overseas parental deployment on their development and functioning. It also demonstrates the need for improvements to support services and welfare packages to families who currently feel unsupported at times of deployment. It suggests the importance of acknowledging and addressing the concerns of those individuals most closely affected by these procedures and the benefits that sharing their experience with others in similar positions can have.