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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Lag om kvalificerade elektroniska signaturer : -verkningslös eller uppfyller den sitt syfte?

Kovacic, Boris January 2006 (has links)
Sammanfattning Elektronisk handel har under senare år vuxit fram som ett av de potentiellt mest betydelsefulla användningsområdena för den moderna informations- och kommunikationstekniken. Genom lag (2000:832) om kvalificerade elektroniska signaturer, implementerades EG-direktivet (1999/93), om ett gemenskapsverk för elektroniska signaturer. Det övergripande syftet med direktivet har varit att samordna medlemsstaternas tekniska och juridiska arbete vad gäller elektroniska signaturer. Kommisionens mål var att underlätta användningen av elektroniska signaturer och bidra till ett rättsligt erkännande av dessa, främst för att undanröja eventuella hinder mot elektronisk handel. Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att ta reda på om svensk lagstiftning på området, lagen om kvalificerade elektroniska signaturer, har underlättat användningen av elektroniska signaturer. Anslutningsvis kan man påpeka att lagens rättsliga skyddsmekanismer och dess tillsyn, samt det skadeståndsansvar som lagen reglerar, endast tillämpas om det är fråga om kvalificerade elektroniska signaturer som är baserade på kvalificerade certifikat, och som utfärdas till allmänheten. Har den kvalificerade elektroniska signaturen då underlättat användningen av elektroniska signaturer? Slutsatsen som kan dras är att den kvalificerade elektroniska signaturen inte har underlättat en användning av elektroniska signaturer, vare sig på den privata marknaden eller inom den offentliga sektorn, då det för närvarande inte finns någon certifikatutfärdare anmäld hos tillsynsmyndigheten Post-och Telestyrelsen. Vilka anledningar till detta kan man då finna? Det finns flera troliga orsaker till att lagen inte har fått det genomslag som ändå måste ha förväntats av denna. Lagstiftningen är till en början komplex. Den kräver en tillsyn av certifikatutfärdaren samtidigt som den innehåller tvingande skadeståndsregler gentemot den eller de, som förlitat sig på certifikatet och som åsamkats skada. Även begreppet ”till allmänheten” är otydligt och kräver en vidare utredning. Marknaden verkar inte vara i behov av den kvalificerade elektroniska signaturen med det regelverk som uppställs. Denna verkar ha gått andra vägar för att hitta lösningar för den elektroniska handeln och annan elektronisk kommunikation. Vidare uppställs det ibland formkrav i svenska författningar och förordningar då endast egenhändiga underskrifter accepteras. Dessa formkrav utgör ett rättsligt hinder när en underskrift skall signeras elektroniskt, om formkraven utesluter elektroniska signaturer. I syftet ställs även frågan om det överhuvudtaget finns ett behov av en lagstiftning på området, då lagen uppenbarligen inte tillämpas. Då det finns formkrav i lagar och andra författningar på egenhändig underskrift, finns det ett behov av att reglera vilken form av elektronisk signatur som skall kunna tillgodose kravet på en traditionell namnteckning. Därav torde en lagstiftning vara nödvändig. I uppsatsen behandlas också frågan om behovet av möjliga reformåtgärder. Här ges förslaget att man istället skall använda sig av FN:s modellag om elektroniska signaturer. Modellagens elektroniska signatur betonar avsikten med den elektroniska underskriften, vilket ger den en starkare rättslig ställning, utan att kräva den komplexa svenska lagstiftningen. Någon sådan definitionsmässig avsikt har inte den kvalificerade signaturen enligt svensk lagstiftning. Samtidigt ges förslaget att bestämmelsen som utesluter elektroniska signaturer, då formkrav i annan lag kräver egenhändig underskrift, möjligen borde tas bort. Då den elektroniska signaturen enligt FN:s modell även syftar till att ett nytt kommunikationssätt bör omfattas av det gamla regelverket, bör en sådan elektronisk signatur uppfylla kravet på en traditionell namnunderskrift.
22

Comparison Of Fidic Conditions Of Contract (1999) And Uncitral Legal Guide From Prospective Disputes And Claims Perspective

Aktug, Fatma Pelin 01 March 2012 (has links) (PDF)
In today
23

Verkställande av säkerhetsåtgärder beslutade av skiljenämnd : Är den svenska lagen om skiljeförfarande i behov av förändring?

Svensson, Jens January 2009 (has links)
<p>Det är idag vanligt att företag löser sina tvister genom skiljeförfarande. De har här större möjlighet att kontrollera förfarandet och få ett snabbare avgörande än i en domstolsprocess. Förfarandet är dessutom konfidentiellt. Skiljeförfaranden sker ofta mellan parter från olika länder och det är vanligt att parter väljer forum i Sverige i internationella skiljeförfaranden.</p><p>I vissa situationer kan en part befara att den framtida skiljedomen blir verkningslös på grund av att en motpart kommer att agera på ett sätt som tillfogar parten skada eller försvårar verkställigheten av domen. En part kan därför vara i behov av en säkerhetsåtgärd både före, under eller efter förfarandet. Enligt LSF, den svenska lagen om skiljeförfarande, kan en part antingen vända sig till skiljenämnd eller till domstol med en ansökan om en säkerhetsåtgärd. Dock är det enbart domstols beslut som kan verkställas exekutivt. Skiljemännens beslut om en säkerhetsåtgärd blir däremot en ”osanktionerad uppmaning” till en part att företa åtgärden.</p><p>Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda om LSF bör tillåta att skiljenämnds beslut om säkerhetsåtgärder ska kunna verkställas. I uppsatsen presenteras därför hur en part kan ansöka om en säkerhetsåtgärd enligt svensk rätt, om Sveriges position överensstämmer med den internationella synen och utvecklingen på skiljemannarättens område och om Sverige bör anta kapitel IV A i UNCITRAL:s modellag. Uppsatsen diskuterar också olika överväganden som bör göras i lagstiftningsarbetet och om LSF bör ändras.</p><p>För att besvara syftet har den svenska inställningen till säkerhetsåtgärder i skiljeförfaranden utretts. Olika alternativ att reglera förhållandet mellan domstol och skiljenämnd gällande beslutsrätt om verkställbara säkerhetsåtgärder diskuteras också. Eftersom internationella förhållanden påverkar även den svenska lagstiftningen presenteras och kommenteras relevanta bestämmelser i modellagen. Även lagstiftning från England, Hong Kong, Schweiz och Tyskland har använts för att belysa hur vissa utländska rättsordningar behandlar säkerhetsåtgärder i skiljeförfaranden.</p><p>Resultatet av utredningen visar att en part i ett skiljeförfarande i Sverige inte kan begära verkställbara säkerhetsåtgärder från en skiljenämnd. Den internationella synen och utvecklingen pekar dock i riktning mot att skiljenämnden bör ha denna möjlighet. LSF bör därför enligt denna författares åsikt ändras och tillåta verkställighet av skiljenämndens beslut om säkerhetsåtgärder. Alla modellagens bestämmelser gällande säkerhetsåtgärder bör dock inte införas i svensk lagstiftning. Att Sverige tar intryck av både modellagen och utländska rättsordningar har ansetts vara mest gynnsamt för LSF.</p>
24

Das UNCITRAL-Modellgesetz über internationale ADR-Verfahren in Wirtschaftsstreitigkeiten /

Cimmino, Désirée, January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss--Regensburg, 2007.
25

The UNCITRAL model law on international commercial arbitration as basis for international and domestic arbitration in South Africa / Debra Venter

Venter, Debra January 2010 (has links)
Commercial arbitration is growing in importance in the modern world. People often use arbitration to ensure adjudication by an expert in the field and although arbitration may not always be quicker, its importance continues to grow especially in international commercial disputes.1 Effective arbitration procedures will have positive consequences for the economical and political relationships between countries.2 The Arbitration Act 42 of 1965 might have sufficed in the past, but as international commercial arbitration is ever increasing and changing, this act has become out–dated. It does not effectively facilitate international commercial arbitration. The Act was primarily designed with domestic commercial arbitration in mind and therefore it is of limited assistance in the international commercial arbitration sphere. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law3 has developed the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration.4 This Model Law or variations thereof can be adopted by a country to regulate international commercial arbitration.5 Many countries choose to adopt the Model Law. The reasons vary but some are that the country’s own arbitration laws were out–dated and needed replacement. The Model Law has proved to be effective and it has become a benchmark for good arbitration legislation.6 Some countries have even adopted the Model Law for use in domestic commercial arbitration disputes. The South African Law Commission7 published a report in 1998 dealing with the possible application of the Model Law on international commercial arbitration in South Africa. It drafted a Draft Bill on International Arbitration (not as of yet promulgated) based on the Model Law.9 One of the points of discussion in the report of the Commission was whether the Model Law should also be made applicable to domestic commercial arbitration in South Africa. The conclusion was that domestic and international arbitration should be dealt with separately and that the present Act regulating domestic arbitration should be amended but not replaced by the Model Law. This implies two arbitration regimes: the International Arbitration Act (dealing only with international commercial arbitration); and the Arbitration Act (dealing only with domestic commercial arbitration) After the Commission’s report had been studied and South Africa’s legal position had been compared with Australia’s legal position, it is conlcuded that Australia is a good example to follow in regard to arbitration practices. It is, however, important to keep South Africa’s own background in mind. A good point made by Australia, is the fact that international commercial arbitration legislation and domestic commercial arbitration legislation, should be kept separate. This will bring about effectiveness and clarity for the users of the said legislation. Furthermore, as end conclusion, the Commission’s view is not favoured in regard to the fact that South Africa’s domestic arbitration legislation should not be based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. It would be a good idea to follow suit with Australia and base both South Africa’s international and domestic commercial arbitration legislation on the UNCITRAL Model Law. / Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
26

The UNCITRAL model law on international commercial arbitration as basis for international and domestic arbitration in South Africa / Debra Venter

Venter, Debra January 2010 (has links)
Commercial arbitration is growing in importance in the modern world. People often use arbitration to ensure adjudication by an expert in the field and although arbitration may not always be quicker, its importance continues to grow especially in international commercial disputes.1 Effective arbitration procedures will have positive consequences for the economical and political relationships between countries.2 The Arbitration Act 42 of 1965 might have sufficed in the past, but as international commercial arbitration is ever increasing and changing, this act has become out–dated. It does not effectively facilitate international commercial arbitration. The Act was primarily designed with domestic commercial arbitration in mind and therefore it is of limited assistance in the international commercial arbitration sphere. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law3 has developed the Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration.4 This Model Law or variations thereof can be adopted by a country to regulate international commercial arbitration.5 Many countries choose to adopt the Model Law. The reasons vary but some are that the country’s own arbitration laws were out–dated and needed replacement. The Model Law has proved to be effective and it has become a benchmark for good arbitration legislation.6 Some countries have even adopted the Model Law for use in domestic commercial arbitration disputes. The South African Law Commission7 published a report in 1998 dealing with the possible application of the Model Law on international commercial arbitration in South Africa. It drafted a Draft Bill on International Arbitration (not as of yet promulgated) based on the Model Law.9 One of the points of discussion in the report of the Commission was whether the Model Law should also be made applicable to domestic commercial arbitration in South Africa. The conclusion was that domestic and international arbitration should be dealt with separately and that the present Act regulating domestic arbitration should be amended but not replaced by the Model Law. This implies two arbitration regimes: the International Arbitration Act (dealing only with international commercial arbitration); and the Arbitration Act (dealing only with domestic commercial arbitration) After the Commission’s report had been studied and South Africa’s legal position had been compared with Australia’s legal position, it is conlcuded that Australia is a good example to follow in regard to arbitration practices. It is, however, important to keep South Africa’s own background in mind. A good point made by Australia, is the fact that international commercial arbitration legislation and domestic commercial arbitration legislation, should be kept separate. This will bring about effectiveness and clarity for the users of the said legislation. Furthermore, as end conclusion, the Commission’s view is not favoured in regard to the fact that South Africa’s domestic arbitration legislation should not be based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. It would be a good idea to follow suit with Australia and base both South Africa’s international and domestic commercial arbitration legislation on the UNCITRAL Model Law. / Thesis (LL.M. (Import and Export Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
27

A questão internacional do comércio eletrônico: um estudo da legislação brasileira segundo a diretiva 2000/31/CE e a UNCITRAL

Cristina Costa de Menezes, Carla 31 January 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:16:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo136_1.pdf: 702244 bytes, checksum: 8135c7c090e1bf66f69056d0868f1ef8 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / A popularização do acesso à Internet trouxe uma nova realidade jurídica às relações comerciais: o mundo dos negócios celebrados por meio eletrônico, o e-commerce. O modelo de mercado que surgiu nesse novo ambiente imprimiu agilidade e praticidade às contratações celebradas, a partir de então, eletronicamente. Porém, desse contexto emergiu a necessidade de uma regulação, através de um direito específico, das relações jurídicas firmadas no ambiente virtual. Dado o caráter internacional e a liberdade da contratação via Internet, faz-se necessária a aplicação de uma norma jurídica segura e universalmente harmônica, a fim de se evitar que a liberdade virtual assuma um papel mais nocivo do que útil. A partir da análise dos padrões normativos internacionais, estabelecidos pela Diretiva 2000/31-CE e pela Uncitral, o presente trabalho ressalta a importância de uma maior utilização do Direito Internacional Privado, no Brasil, em prol da adoção de uma regulação uniforme sobre comércio eletrônico
28

Znalec v mezinárodním rozhodčím řízení a investičních sporech / Expert in international commercial arbitration and investment disputes

Gregor, Lucie January 2013 (has links)
This Dissertation is focused on issues concerning the position of an expert in international arbitration proceedings and in international investment disputes. Unlike proceedings conducted before general courts of law, arbitration proceedings have a number of advantages, and therefore they are used very often to resolve disputes in this area, and arbitration proceedings are used almost exclusively with regard to resolution of disputes relating to international investments. The aim of the Dissertation was an analysis of dispute resolution in arbitration proceedings from the expert's point of view and the expert's position in this procedure. It is without any doubt that experts can help arbitrators to reach a qualified resolution of disputes in a significant way. At first, the Dissertation deals with general and historical issues, such as comparison of methods of dispute solution where an international element appears, in both arbitration and judicial proceedings, and it lists the advantages of arbitration proceedings as well. After specification of the term "expert", the Dissertation provides a view into the expert's profession history in the territory of our country and into its legal regulation. With regard to our membership in the European Union it is, of course, necessary for the Dissertation to...
29

Mediace jako metoda řešení mezinárodních obchodních sporů / Mediation as a Mean of International Commercial Dispute Resolution

Vanišová, Veronika January 2018 (has links)
1 ABSTRACT MEDIATION AS A MEAN OF INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION This dissertation deals with the phenomenon of discrepancies between commonly shared perceptions about international mediation and its real and practical situation. The aim of this disertation is not to analyze the legal provisions on mediation in individual national jurisdictions or to analyze individual provisions of the private international law, which potentially apply to issues of cross-border mediation. The intention is to point to current trends and current issues in the field of international mediation. We especially want to conduct generally accepted theoretical concepts of mediation in an international context critical view by comparing it to empirical dates proving the actual state of mediation as a method of resolving international business disputes. The first part of this disertation summarizes the basic theoretical background related to mediation, which serves as a basis for the construction of generally recognized premises in this field. These premises relate to the context of international commerce. Therefore, it deals with the mediation principles, models and important aspects that are relevant to international commercial disputes with an international element. In the second part, the disertation tries to point...
30

Mediace jako metoda řešení mezinárodních obchodních sporů / Mediation as a Mean of International Commercial Dispute Resolution

Vanišová, Veronika January 2019 (has links)
1 Mediation as a Mean of International Commercial Dispute Resolution Abstract The subject of this dissertation is the topic of mediation in solving international commercial disputes. At the outset, the author focuses on the general theory of dispute and argues that the main psychological features of thinking about conflicts are inherent in virtually all types of social relations, regardless of their specific nature. It is therefore useful to recall the knowledge about the psychology of conflict in the context of research on the resolution of international commercial disputes, as this initial line of reasoning is also present. In the first part of the dissertation, the author defines the position of mediation within the spectrum of the dispute resolution and identifies its relationship with other ADR methods. She is particularly concerned with the recent change in the ADR area, particularly as regards the shift of arbitration towards judicial proceedings and convergence of mediation with arbitration in certain respects. Furthermore, the author considers the importance of mediation for international commerce, noting in particular the aspect of the institutionalisation of mediation and touches on the phenomenon of regional change in international trade. The author points out that the cross-border commercial...

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