Orientadora: Profa. Dra.Silvia Helena Passarelli / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2014. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a gestão do Patrimônio Mundial da Cidade Velha, situada na Ilha de Santiago - Cabo Verde e investigou a importância que o valioso patrimônio cultural tem para o país e memória dos seus cidadãos. Para tanto, foi feito o registro das intenções, contradições e desafios do atual plano de gestão que contempla a visão conjunta entre o Estado e a população local. Desta forma, busca contribuir com o processo de gestão do patrimônio que tem conduzido o desenvolvimento econômico e fornecer elementos que proporcionam o entendimento do modelo de gestão praticado na cidade e suas implicações na realidade dos seus espaços públicos e privados. / This thesis aims to analyze the management of the World Heritage Old Town, located on Santiago Island - Cape Verde and investigated the importance of the valuable cultural heritage has for the country and memory of its citizens. Therefore, the registry of intentions, contradictions and challenges of the current management plan which includes the joint vision between the State and the local population was made. In this way, seeks to contribute to the heritage management process that has led economic development and provide elements that provide an understanding of the management model practiced in the city and its implications in the reality of their public and private spaces.

Analisa o impacto da convergência tecnológica na atual classificação do setor de comunicação do GATS e, em que medida tal impacto altera os compromissos assumidos pelos Membros da OMC nos serviços de telecomunicação e audiovisual, e em particular no que respeita ao conteúdo audiovisual. Ademais, investiga os interesses brasileiros na questão diante das iniciativas governamentais para a regulação do conteúdo audiovisual. Com base na experiência profissional da autora na OMC e no setor de comunicação no Brasil, da leitura de doutrina nacional e estrangeira sobre o tema proposto e de conversas com negociadores brasileiros na OMC, o trabalho verifica primeiramente a estrutura básica do GATS, seu histórico de negociações, indicando as motivações para a inclusão no Acordo do setor de comunicação, bem como sua arquitetura organizacional que é fundamental para a flexibilidade conferida aos Membros. Trata, ainda, do controle pela OMC na aplicação das obrigações concernentes ao GATS. Posteriormente, discute o tratamento dado ao setor de comunicação e, em particular, aos subsetores de telecomunicação e audiovisual, bem como suas diferenças e inter-relações, verificando exemplos práticos do impacto da convergência, bem como da internet. Na sequência, aborda dispositivos do GATS que preservam a capacidade dos Membros de eleger políticas regulatórias, examinando o artigo VI(4), pois garante um equilíbrio entre a premissa de liberalização comercial da OMC e o direito à preservação da capacidade regulatória dos Membros. Verifica, também, o conceito de regulamentação doméstica no GATS e nos direitos brasileiro e comparado, vislumbrando o alcance da regulação de conteúdo audiovisual no Acordo, e se, dada a natureza especial que a ele se atribui, deve ou não ser tratado de modo especial. Para tanto, analisa a distinção entre os enfoques cultural e econômico protagonizados, respectivamente, por União Europeia e Estados Unidos, e a influência da Convenção da UNESCO sobre a Proteção e Promoção da Diversidade das Expressões Culturais nos compromissos em audiovisual, mesmo sem ser parte integrante do GATS. Mostra, também, o atual cenário sobre conteúdo audiovisual no GATS, examinando os marcos regulatórios norte-americano e europeu, inclusive no tocante às cotas de conteúdo nacional, bem como a influência desses marcos nas negociações, inclusive no âmbito de propostas apresentadas na Rodada Doha. Verifica, ainda, que há poucos compromissos e muitas isenções à cláusula de nação mais favorecida inseridas nas Listas Nacionais, o que leva ao exame da Lista brasileira para o setor de comunicação. Examina, na sequência, as decisões do Órgão de Solução de Controvérsias da OMC que poderão ser utilizadas em futuras controvérsias sobre o setor. Por fim, trata do marco regulatório sobre conteúdo audiovisual no direito brasileiro, observando os efeitos da convergência, além de estudar se a legislação atual comporta as mudanças por ela provocadas. Para tanto, analisa a atuação das agências reguladoras e Ministérios que disciplinam o setor da comunicação face às garantias constitucionais da liberdade de expressão e acesso à informação para entender a relação entre conteúdo e regulação e verificar quais situações justificam a regulação. No contexto, verifica a iniciativa brasileira quanto à criação de cotas de conteúdo nacional. / This thesis analyses the impact of technological convergence at the current classification of the communications sector at the GATS and to which extent it changes the commitments made by the WTO Members at the telecommunications and audiovisual services, in particular regarding audiovisual content. In addition, it examines the Brazilian interests regarding governmental initiatives for audiovisual content regulation. Based on the professional experience of the author at the WTO and the communications sector in Brazil, a considerable amount of foreign and Brazilian literature about the proposed subject and conversations with Brazilian negotiators at the WTO, the thesis firstly analyses the basic structure of the GATS, contextualizes its negotiations, pointing out the motivations to include the communications sector and verifies its organizational architecture, which is fundamental to preserve the flexibility granted to WTO Members. Secondly, it discusses the treatment given to the communications sector, mainly to the subsectors of telecommunications and audiovisual, as well as the differences and correlations among those subsectors. It also verifies practical examples of the impact of technological convergence and the internet at the sector. Thirdly, it addresses GATS provisions preserving Members capacity to choose regulatory policies. The work analyses article VI (4) which guarantees the balance between WTO commercial liberalization and the right to preserve Members regulatory capacity. Also, it addresses the domestic regulation concept at the GATS and at Brazilian and foreign laws in order to understand the extent of audiovisual content regulation at the referred agreement and whether audiovisual content should be treated in a special way. In this sense, it studies the distinction between cultural and economic approaches defended respectively by the European Union and the USA and the influence of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions on the commitments made for audiovisual services, even without being part of the GATS. Fourthly, it shows the current GATS scenario on audiovisual content by examining the European and the US legal frameworks, including content quotas, and the influence of said frameworks at the negotiations, including as per the Members proposals submitted at the Doha Round. It also verifies that there are few commitments and many exemptions to the MNF clause listed in the National Schedules of specific commitments, therein included the Brazilian schedule for the communications sector. The thesis also discusses certain decisions of the WTO Dispute Settlement Body which could be used in future disputes related to the sector. Finally, it addresses the Brazilian legal framework on audiovisual content, identifying the effects of convergence, and examines whether the current legal framework supports the changes caused by convergence. In this sense, the work analyses the role of regulatory agencies and ministries ruling on the communications sector in Brazil vis à vis the constitutional guarantees of freedom of expression and access to information so as to understand the relation between content and regulation and to verify which situations justify content regulation. In this context, it verifies the Brazilian content quotas initiative.

The object of the diploma was to analyse cultural and heritage tourism in the region Telčsko. The research was made, which helped to recognise common characteristics of visitors and to recognize why do they come to region and which atractivities are the most visited. The result of the research problems gives us some problematic areas and it was made a suggestion of the solutions of this problematical points.

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-05-12T23:57:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Mariana de Souza Rolim.pdf: 98800558 bytes, checksum: d1098389eef1ea2884051fffd4a18d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2017-05-23T14:18:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Mariana de Souza Rolim.pdf: 98800558 bytes, checksum: d1098389eef1ea2884051fffd4a18d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T14:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mariana de Souza Rolim.pdf: 98800558 bytes, checksum: d1098389eef1ea2884051fffd4a18d02 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Nel 1972 è stata firmata la Convenzione per la tutela del patrimonio mondiale. L’atto ha istituzionalizzato l’idea di un patrimonio per l’umanità, un processo che era già stato avviato anni prima, dopo la prima Guerra Mondiale. Ancor prima di questo riconoscimento ufficiale, architetti, storici, archeologi e antiquari si erano riuniti in una rete per la tutela dei beni culturali. Con la Convenzione, tale network ha guadagnato nuova visibilità. Tuttavia, l’idea di un patrimonio universale ha contraddizioni intrinseche così come le azioni per la sua tutela. Tra l’impasse causata dalla globalizzazione, da un modello di turismo culturale a volte predatorio, oltre che dalle innumerevoli differenze culturali, come stabilire un programma di collaborazione efficiente ed efficace? A partire dall’analisi di quei siti inclusi nella lista del patrimonio mondiale, presenti nelle Americhe e in Europa occidentale, si cerca la prova della esistenza e della riuscita di questa cooperazione lungo il corso della storia. Si seguiranno le azioni che son state condotte in virtù di questi accordi all’interno di diversi contesti e tempi e che hanno cercato di stabilire una rete di protezione per i beni culturali. Attraverso uno sguardo orizzontale, questi fatti e azioni ci mostrano oggi un possibile percorso: capire la tutela del patrimonio culturale attraverso una logica di sistema e una modalità integrata. / Em 1972 era assinada a Convenção de Proteção do Patrimônio Mundial. O ato institucionalizou a ideia de um patrimônio para a humanidade, que começou a ser visualizada anos antes, após a I Guerra Mundial. Ainda antes disso, arquitetos, historiadores, arqueólogos, antiquários atuavam em uma rede em prol da preservação do patrimônio. Com a Convenção, tal rede ganhou nova projeção. No entanto, a ideia de um patrimônio universal tem contradições intrínsecas, bem como as ações para sua preservação. Em meio aos impasses causados pela globalização, a um turismo cultural por vezes predatório e a inúmeras diferenças culturais, como estabelecer uma cooperação eficiente e efetiva? A partir de sítios presentes na Lista do Patrimônio Mundial, localizados nas Américas e na Europa ocidental, buscamos indícios dessa cooperação ao longo da história, seguida de ações realizadas em diferentes cenários e épocas procurando estabelecer uma rede de proteção. Com um olhar horizontal, tais fatos e ações nos mostram um caminho possível: entender a preservação em sistema, e de forma integrada.

Cette thèse étudie les mécanismes qui déterminent le succès des stratégies de développement touristique centrées sur le patrimoine culturel. La première partie revient sur la notion de patrimoine et les enjeux économiques liés à sa valorisation. Elle tente notamment d’identifier les liens entre la nature des ressources et leur place sur le marché. La seconde partie cherche à construire un cadre théorique apte à appréhender le caractère spécifique du patrimoine. Elle envisage son rôle sous l’angle des avantages absolus et différenciatifs, et s’intéresse à son processus d’activation. La troisième partie, par l’examen de la liste du patrimoine mondial, interroge le lien entre des ressources théoriquement exceptionnelles, leur valorisation par une stratégie de labellisation éprouvée (du moins dans le discours), et le statut d’attraction majeure. Des outils économétriques sont ensuite mobilisés afin d’étudier la contribution relative des caractéristiques de l’offre patrimoniale, sur les performances touristiques et socio-économiques des pseudo-cantons de Midi-Pyrénées. Bien que nos résultats montrent que la valeur culturelle des ressources détermine pour une large part leur potentiel, leur impact dépend surtout du contexte économique et des moyens déployés dans le cadre de leur mobilisation marchande. En outre, malgré le rôle central des labels dans les politiques de promotion, les tests n’apportent aucune preuve concluante d’un impact économique quantifiable leur étant associé. Ils peuvent, dans certains cas, jouer un rôle de catalyseur, mais ne sont que des leviers d’actions parmi d’autres, dont l’efficacité dépend largement du contexte et des modalités de leur usage. / This thesis investigates the determinants of cultural heritage tourism development. Part one is devoted to the notion of heritage, as well as economic issues related to its valorisation. Part two provides a theoretical and conceptual framework that takes into account the specific nature of heritage, and addresses heritage market mechanisms through the notions of absolute and differentiative advantage. Special attention is also being paid to heritage activation process. In part three, this research questions the relationship between cultural resources of outstanding universal value, valorisation through a proven labelling strategy (or at least portrayed as such), and major tourist attraction status, through the analytical lens of UNESCO world heritage list. Econometric modelling is then employed to study the relative contribution of keys cultural heritage features upon tourism and socio-economic performance at the Midi-Pyrénées’ cantonal scale. Our results show that heritage’s potential impact on tourism development is strongly related to its own intrinsic cultural value. However, the real impact of heritage depends more on the way resources are being used, and on the economic environment in which these resources are being brought into the market. Even though labels hold a central position in tourism development policy, the tests we conducted do not provide any conclusive evidence of a quantifiable economic impact. Labelling strategies may act as a catalyst for tourism and economic development, yet expected benefits remain highly contingent upon the sites’ pre-labelling economic profile, as well as the nature of the interventions that accompanies designation.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the Indigenous Navigator partnership through its Bésiro project in Bolivia to find out whether the partnership approach can enhance Indigenous participation in global education. In the short term, enhancing the participation of Indigenous peoples in global education may help them maintain their unique identity and culture. In the long term, it may enable Indigenous peoples to actively decide on policy that concerns them. The objective of the research was to help policymakers and those working in the field of international and comparative education to secure Indigenous peoples’ right to determine their own education development. In the 19th and 20th centuries, after the creation of nation-states in Latin America, national education efforts sought to unify populations through assimilationist policies. Those policies used the dominant language as the language of instruction, and the content of curricula responded to the national vision of those in power. Indigenous peoples held on to their culture and language despite the external pressure to assimilate and the lack of recognition and support. In the second half of the 20th century, a global Indigenous movement took place that claimed Indigenous peoples’ collective rights within the nation-state, including the right to self-determine their education. This movement succeeded in garnering international attention, which led to the adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This declaration served as a framework upon which states were expected to model their laws. While this helped put the plight of Indigenous peoples in the international spotlight, some countries have implemented the Declaration to a greater extent than others. As a result, many Indigenous peoples remain stripped of the power and legal authority to ultimately decide on the education (and other) issues that concern them. The power asymmetries that have been affecting them in international education politics persist. A global education system that does not count on the continuous participation of Indigenous peoples as collective actors fails to meet the goals of inclusion and equality that it intends to achieve. Against this background, the following questions remained unanswered: Who is entitled to participate in global education and in what capacity? How are Indigenous peoples currently participating in global education? Why and how should the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which is the international agency tasked with promoting peace through international cooperation in education, science, culture, communication, and information, enhance Indigenous participation in its education politics? Driven by the questions above, I carried out a qualitative case study involving a multistakeholder partnership–the Indigenous Navigator. The Indigenous Navigator partnership includes Indigenous and non-Indigenous nongovernmental organizations, civil society organizations, and other international and national stakeholders. This partnership developed a framework and a set of tools to produce Indigenous data and track progress toward the fulfillment of Indigenous human rights. When applied to education, the Indigenous Navigator partnership translates the data collected into projects designed by Indigenous peoples for their own purposes. The Indigenous Navigator partnership offers an alternative approach for global education to enhance Indigenous participation in education policy. The Indigenous Navigator partnership’s project that became the case study was called Revitalization and Vitalization of the Bésiro Language of the Monkox Nation. This project was designed by the Monkox, a people indigenous to Bolivia. The Monkox utilized the Indigenous Navigator’s framework and set of tools, and focused on revitalizing their Bésiro language. This Bésiro project was implemented between 2019 and 2020 in Lomerío, in Bolivia’s lowlands. The case of the Monkox within Bolivia stands out because even though the Monkox are small in number, they have a long history of defending their language and their education. Bolivia, in turn, has drawn regional and international attention because it adopted Indigenous human rights into its political constitution and has come forth with a unique education model based on intraculturality, interculturality and plurilingualism, and in which Indigenous peoples are seen not only as individuals with a right to education, but also as peoples with collective education rights. To analyze the effectiveness of the Indigenous Navigator partnership and the Bésiro project, I spent 7 months observing the functioning of the Indigenous Navigator partnership prior to fieldwork, then spent another year interviewing 42 key stakeholders, out of whom at least 17 were Indigenous. I also analyzed relevant documents related to Indigenous education in Bolivia, global education, and enhanced participation. The results of the study offer a glimpse into present-day Indigenous education in Bolivia; an analysis of the Indigenous Navigator partnership and the Bésiro project; and a comparison between local, national, and international power dynamics that interacted throughout the project and can further impact education politics in Bolivia and beyond. The results show that the Indigenous Navigator partnership operated through what I call multisphere Indigenous ownership (i.e., the capacity of each partner to contribute from their own area of expertise while reducing the stratification of power) to ensure the Monkox’s self-determination in the Bésiro project. The analysis also shows that interculturality is difficult to reach if intraculturality, or the reaffirmation of a people’s identity, culture, and politics, has not been strengthened. To reaffirm intraculturality, the active participation of Indigenous peoples in their own education policy processes is vital. Only then will Indigenous peoples be able to achieve sustainable education along with national efforts. Lastly, the case study revealed that the Indigenous Navigator partnership worked through tacit interculturality between the European Union and Latin America, that is, the implicit reciprocity of two Indigenous systems in both parts of the world. As an outcome of this analysis of the Indigenous Navigator partnership and the Bésiro project, it is suggested that the global education community, guided by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, implement multistakeholder Indigenous ownership to allow Indigenous peoples, as collective stakeholders, to participate in education policy processes that concern them. This study closes with a policy and research agenda that contributes to achieving sustainable, quality education for Indigenous peoples.

The supervising teacher of the Thesis chose two bulidings to be the subject of solution, which were used as warehouses of cocoons. These are the biggest buildings of the premises as for the volume, which stand out for their impressing construction and their area (1493,1 & 1486,6 m2). The distance between them is aprox. 125 m. The systém of construction is the same in both the buildings, it is a wooden timber reinforced brick masonry frame in modular size of 3,6 x 6,15 m. The constructive height of street floor of building A is 4,4 m, building B 3,85 m. The clearence of bulinding A is 3,85 m and for building B 3,27m. The clearance of second floor in both objects is 4,84m. The existing inner staircase has one arm and is of 54 cm in width. There is a cargo lift on its … covered by … for the connecting the floor areas. … … of both the building forms together with wooden pillars elements also … . The windows of 160 cm width are set rytmicaly in three consecutive rows, they ensure max lighting of the interior of the buildings. The roofing of the buildings is made from wooden frame structure and covered by tiles. The roof construction is not covered from bottom and therefor they make an impression of one of the most striking elements in the interior. The clean dispositions, the lenght of the halls of 104 m to the adequate width, the clean construction both the brick and the wooden ones, together with impressive lighting, the all form an enormous value resulting in a unique character as a whole.

This thesis is an ethnographic research of the cultural heritage conservation practices in İzmir, focusing particularly on the heritage site Historical Port City of İzmir’s conservation on individual, local, and global levels from an anthropological point of view. With its ongoing inscription process to UNESCO’s World Heritage List, the study aims, first, to understand the motivation behind this inscription, the current conservation practices in the city that are undergone by individual and local actors, and to analyze the impact and connection between the individual, local and global efforts to protect İzmir’s multicultural and multilayered heritage. Conducted during the 10-day long World Heritage Volunteers program “Heritage for the Future in the Historical Port City of İzmir” organized by the UNESCO World Heritage Education Program and Site Directorate of the Historical Port City of İzmir, the research employs the anthropological methods of participant observation, structured interviews, netnography, as well as multi-sensory ethnography. The study shows that the site’s WHL inscription is motivated by the desire to enhance the city’s further protection on different levels such as raising awareness, receiving financial help, and increasing its visibility to attract local, national, and international visitors and users. The same approach has also been observed within the current conservation practices conducted by local actors to preserve the multicultural values of the city and conserve its 8500 years of multilayered fabric that carries traces of Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Beylic, Ottoman, and Republican periods, stretching up to today. This short-term ethnographic research concludes that heritage conservation is a multi-level process where every level (individual, local, and global) and actor has an important role in the protection of the site’s integrity and the transmission of its values to future generations. Focusing on the current anthropological theories and studies on heritage and UNESCO, this case study of the Historical Port City of İzmir reflects that statement and points not only to the conservation of the city's past heritage but also to the fact that this cannot happen without addressing the city's contemporary needs such as sustainable development, cohesion, and the socio-economic prosperity of the city and its current inhabitants.