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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Effect of the Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase and Peroxynitrite in DNA Damage and Autophagy Response after UVB Irradiation on Keratinocytes

Bahamondes Lorca, Veronica Andrea 25 May 2021 (has links)
No description available.
12

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ antagonist, GW9962, alters UVB-induced inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and delayed hyperproliferation

Martel, Kellie Clay 16 January 2009 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / It has recently been shown that the gamma subtype of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ) is a target of ultraviolet B (290-320 nm; UVB) irradiation, and that PPARγ activation is necessary for full UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction. However, the biological significance of PPARγ activation in cutaneous photobiology is unknown. Acute UVB irradiation results in a characteristic series of events in the epidermis which includes: an initial edema response and subsequent inflammation, COX-2 induction, apoptosis, and a delayed hyperproliferative response. Therefore, the regulatory role of PPARγ activation was examined in this acute photoresponse using a topical application of the potent, irreversible PPARγ antagonist, GW9962. GW9662 was applied to the epidermis of SKH1 hairless albino mice at increasing doses (0.01-1.0mM) prior to UVB irradiation. The photobiological responses were examined through RT-PCR, skin thickness measurements, and immunohistochemistry, at 24 and 72 hours after UVB-irradiation. At the highest dose, GW9622 significantly inhibited UVB-induced inflammation, as measured by COX-2 induction at both 24 and 72 hrs. Inflammation assessed by skin thickness measurements indicated that lower doses mildly increased inflammation at 72 hrs, but suppressed inflammation at the highest dose. In contrast, GW9662 treatment dose dependently augmented UVB-induced apoptosis at 24 hours, while affecting the delayed hyperproliferative response at 72 hours in an inverse dose-response manner. The results from this study suggest that PPARγ is a key regulator of these photobiological responses. Because these responses are well known to be involved in tumor development and progression, this study also suggests a potential role for PPARγ in UVB-induced skin cancers.
13

Intravital Imaging of Dynamic Behaviors of Leukocytes in UVB-induced Skin Inflammation

Lu, Ran 22 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
14

UVB Exposure and Topical Estrogen Effects on the Development of Skin Cancer in a Pre- and Post-Menopausal Mouse Model

Creamer, Michelle 22 June 2012 (has links)
No description available.
15

Avaliação ex vivo da inibição da peroxidação lipídica do estrato córneo promovida por filtros UVB / Ex vivo evaluation of the inhibition of lipid peroxidation of the stratum corneum promoted by UVB filters

Gonçalves, Paulo Vitor 20 March 2019 (has links)
O aumento da incidência do câncer de pele está associado à maior exposição à luz solar e a adoção de ações de proteção ao Sol é uma estratégia para minimizar os níveis cumulativos de danos à pele. Os raios ultravioletas (UV), ao alcançarem o tecido cutâneo, podem causar eritema, inflamação, fotoenvelhecimento, formação de rugas e imunossupressão, entre outros, devido à formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO´s). A formação de ERO´s, como o oxigênio singleto, radical ânion superóxido, peróxido de hidrogênio e radical hidroxil, elevam o risco dos danos foto-oxidativos. O desequilíbrio entre a formação de ERO´s e os mecanismos antioxidantes do organismo desencadeia o estresse oxidativo. Na pele, as ERO´s são as responsáveis pelo dano oxidativo no DNA, proteínas e lipídeos. Identificar e quantificar biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo cutâneo é essencial para a correlação entre os raios UV e seus efeitos. Deve-se isto, em parte, à limitação de métodos para quantificar os parâmetros que são diretamente afetados pela exposição aos raios UV, tais como a peroxidação lipídica. São necessários métodos complementares para avaliação da eficácia de fotoprotetores perante os danos causados por este tipo de estresse. Esta pesquisa projeto compreendeu a avaliação ex vivo da eficácia de filtros solares UVB por meio da quantificação da peroxidação lipídica proveniente do estrato córneo removido por tape stripping. Foram preparados sistemas emulsionados do tipo O/A com os filtros octocrileno, metoxicinamato de octila e salicilato de octila. A caracterização funcional da eficácia fotoprotetora in vitro demonstrou que o filtro octocrileno manteve-se estável, mesmo após exposição solar artificial. Os filtros octocrileno (10% p/p), metoxicinamato de octila (10% p/p) e salicilato de octila (5% p/p) alcançaram, após irradiância, respectivamente, os valores de FPS 5,7 ± 2,1; 4,7 ± 1,5 e 1,0± 0,0. As formulações foram utilizadas na avaliação da eficácia fotoprotetora ex vivo. O método por CLAE, para quantificação da peroxidação lipídica no estrato córneo, possuiu linearidade e demonstrou exatidão e precisão satisfatórias. O estresse pela radiação UV desencadeou a peroxidação lipídica no estrato córneo. Em função do protocolo aplicado, não houve diferenças entre as amostras. A eficácia, com relação à inibição da peroxidação lipídica, foi similar em todas as amostras. / The increasing of incidence of skin cancer is associated with greater exposure to sunlight and the adoption of sun protection actions is a strategy to minimize cumulative levels of skin damage. Ultraviolet (UV) rays, when they reach the cutaneous tissue, can cause erythema, inflammation, photoaging, wrinkling and immunosuppression, among other things, due to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The formation of ROS, such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, raise the risk of photooxidative damage. The variation between the formation of ROS and the antioxidant mechanisms of the organism triggers oxidative stress. In the skin, ROS are responsible for oxidative damage in DNA, proteins and lipids. Identifying and quantifying biomarkers of cutaneous oxidative stress is essential for the correlation between UV rays and their effects. This is partially due to the limitation of methods for quantifying parameters that are directly affected by exposure to UV rays, such as lipid peroxidation. Complementary methods are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of photoprotectors because of the damage caused by this type of stress. This research project had the ex vivo evaluation of the efficacy of UVB sunscreens by quantifying the lipid peroxidation from the stratum corneum removed by tape stripping. Emulsified O/A type systems were prepared with the octocrylene, octyl methoxycinnamate and octyl salicylate filters. The functional characterization of photoprotective efficacy in vitro revealed that the octocrylene filter remained stable even after artificial sun exposure. Octocrylene (10% w / w), octyl methoxycinnamate (10% w / w) and octyl salicylate (5% w / w) respectively reached the values of FPS 5.7 ± 2.1; 4.7 ± 1.5 and 1.0 ± 0.0. The formulations were used in the evaluation of ex vivo photoprotective efficacy. The method by HPLC, for quantification of the lipid peroxidation in the stratum corneum, had linearity and demonstrated satisfactory accuracy and precision. UV radiation stress triggered lipid peroxidation in the stratum corneum. Due to the protocol applied, there were no differences between the samples. The efficacy, compared to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, was similar in all samples.
16

Rôle de Dicer dans la pigmentation et sa régulation par les UVB dans le lignage mélanocytaire / Role of Dicer in pigmentation and its regulation by UVB in the melanocyte lineage

Bertrand, Juliette 20 September 2017 (has links)
Les mélanocytes, cellules responsables de la pigmentation de la peau et des poils, protègent les cellules des stress environnementaux, en particulier des rayonnements ultra-violets (UV) présents à la surface de la Terre. Les UV induisent des dommages moléculaires et régulent de nombreuses voies de signalisation en aval de MC1R, MAPK, PI3K, ou PKC. A court terme, les UV peuvent induire la mélanogenèse et à long terme participent à la mélanomagenèse. Dicer, protéine clef de la maturation des microARN, est régulée par différents stress. La protéine multifonctionnelle β-caténine est impliquée dans le développement des mélanocytes. Ces deux protéines participent à la régulation fine de l'expression génique. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en évidence le rôle et la régulation de Dicer dans le lignage mélanocytaire dans des conditions normales et de stress (UVB). Dans une première partie, nous nous sommes intéressés au rôle de Dicer dans la pigmentation et sa régulation dans le lignage mélanocytaire. Nous avons montré, in vivo dans un modèle murin, que Dicer est nécessaire à la fois à la mise en place du lignage mélanocytaire et au fonctionnement de ce lignage chez l'adulte. L'absence de Dicer dans le lignage mélanocytaire affecte la localisation des mélanocytes de la papille dermique du follicule pileux et empêche la pigmentation du poil. In vitro, la transcription de Dicer est régulée par différentes voies, en particulier par les protéines PI3K, RSK, GSK3β et β-caténine. L'activité répressive de β-caténine sur la transcription de Dicer est dépendante de sites LEF/TCF. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'implication de Dicer, en relation avec β-caténine, dans la réponse aux UVB. Nous avons mis en évidence in vivo et in vitro la relocalisation nucléaire et l'activation transcriptionnelle de β-caténine induites par les UV. Tout comme β-caténine, les UVB répriment la migration des mélanocytes in vitro. Nous avons montré in vitro que les UVB répriment l'expression de Dicer et que cette répression est dépendante de sites de fixation de facteurs de transcription, dont LEF/TCF, présents dans la région promotrice de Dicer. Une diminution de Dicer participe à la protection des mélanocytes contre les UVB. Ce travail de thèse a donc permis de montrer le rôle de Dicer dans la pigmentation adulte et de mettre en évidence des voies de régulation de l'expression de Dicer dans les mélanocytes non stressés et dans les mélanocytes soumis à un stress UVB. / Melanocytes, cells responsible for pigmentation of the skin and hair, protect cells from environmental stress, especially ultra-violet radiations (UV) present on Earth floor. UV induce molecular damages and regulate many signaling pathways downstream of MC1R, MAPK, PI3K, or PKC. In the short term, UV can increase melanogenesis and in the long term, participate in melanomagenesis. Dicer, a key protein involved in microRNA maturation, is regulated by different types of stress. The multifunctional protein β-catenin is implicated in melanocyte development. These two proteins participate in fine regulation of gene expression. The goal of this thesis is to highlight the role and regulation of Dicer in the melanocyte lineage in normal and UVB stress conditions. In the first part, we focused on the role of Dicer in pigmentation and its regulation in the melanocyte lineage. We showed that, in a mouse model in vivo, Dicer is necessary for both establishment of melanocyte lineage and proper function of this lineage in adults. The lack of Dicer in the melanocyte lineage affects localization of melanocytes in the dermal papilla of hair follicles, preventing hair pigmentation. In vitro, Dicer transcription is regulated by different pathways, including PI3K, RSK, GSK3β and β-catenin. LEF/TCF sites mediate the repressive activity of β-catenin on Dicer transcription. In the second part, we focused on the implication of Dicer, in connection with β-catenin, in the response to UVB by melanocytes. We showed the nuclear relocalization and transcriptional activation of β-catenin induced by UV both in vivo and in vitro. Like β-catenin, UVB represses melanocyte migration in vitro. We showed in vitro that UVB represses Dicer expression and that this repression is dependent on transcription factors binding sites in the Dicer promoter region including LEF/TCF. Decreased level of Dicer participates in protection of melanocytes against UVB. This thesis work allowed us to show the role of Dicer in adult pigmentation and to highlight signaling pathways implicated in Dicer expression regulation in non-stressed melanocytes and in UVB-stressed melanocytes.
17

Fotoprotetores bioativos multifuncionais contendo rutina, octil dimetil PABA e avobenzona: caracterização físico-química, funcional e eficácia clínica. / Bioactive sunscreens containing rutin, octyl dimethyl PABA and avobenzone: physicochemical, functional and clinical characterization

Yoshida, Letícia Costa Tomazelli 31 October 2017 (has links)
A exposição crônica à radiação solar pode contribuir para o aparecimento do câncer de pele, sendo o uso de fotoprotetores um fator primordial na prevenção desses efeitos deletérios. Atualmente, substâncias bioativas tais como a rutina têm sido foco de interesse da comunidade científica graças às suas propriedades fotoprotetoras e antioxidantes, que podem promover aumento dos valores de FPS, além de conferir características multifuncionais às formulações. Achados in vitro recentes indicam que a rutina, quando incorporada em emulsões fotoprotetoras óleo em água, promove aumento da atividade antioxidante e aumento do FPS. No entanto, a realização de estudos clínicos é fundamental para confirmar e quantificar esses resultados, já que a metodologia in vitro possui baixa repetibilidade e ausência de correlação com ensaios in vivo, principalmente quando as formulações analisadas apresentam substâncias antioxidantes em sua composição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar pela primeira vez a atividade da rutina frente ao FPS e sua segurança clínica através da comparação de formulações fotoprotetoras contendo rutina 0.1% (w/w), avobenzona 3.0% (w/w) e octil dimetil PABA 8.0% (w/w) com uma preparação similar sem o composto bioativo. Adicionalmente, hidratação cutânea, FPS in vitro e atividade antioxidante da rutina em associação com outros filtros foram investigados. O perfil de segurança das formulações qualificou as fórmulas para os testes de eficácia clínica. O teste de DPPH confirmou a capacidade antioxidante da rutina, demonstrando cerca de 40% de aumento na capacidade de sequestro de radicais livres na presença do composto bioativo. A rutina em combinação com os filtros UV aumentou o FPS clínico de 7.30 ± 0.60 para 12.37 ± 1.13, o que representa cerca de 70% de aumento. Os resultados encontrados provam que a rutina em combinação com outros filtros pode aumentar significativamente o valor do FPS e que a mesma é segura para uso clínico. / Unprotected chronic exposure to solar radiation can contribute to premature skin cancer and sunscreens are a key factor to avoid those detrimental effects. Currently, there is a growing interest in the photoprotector and antioxidant potential of bioactive substances, such as rutin, that could help to increase the SPF value and add multifunctional characteristics to the formulations. Recent in vitro findings indicated that rutin, when incorporated in oil-in-water photoprotective emulsions can provide antioxidant activity and SPF increase. However, clinical studies are fundamental to determine this activity duo to in vitro methodology lack of repeatability and correlation between the in vivo data, especially when the analyzed formulas contain antioxidant substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time to date the rutin in vivo SPF and clinical safety by comparing sunscreens formulations containing rutin 0.1% (w/w), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane 3.0% (w/w) and octyl dimethylPABA 8.0% (w/w) with a similar bioactive-free preparation. Additionally, skin hydration, in vitro SPF and in vitro antioxidant activity of rutin, in association with the UV filters were investigated. The safety profile of the formulations under sun-exposed skin conditions qualified the formulas for clinical efficacy assays. DPPH test confirmed rutin antioxidant properties, demonstrating about 40% increase in radical scavenging potential when the bioactive compound was present. Rutin in combination with the UV filters increased the clinical SPF from 7.30 ± 0.60 to 12.37 ± 1.13, representing about 70% growth in the SPF value. The results obtained proved that rutin in combination with UV filters can improve the SPF value significantly and is safe for clinical use.
18

Efeito da radiação ultravioleta e da temperatura no desenvolvimento larval em Anura / Effect of ultraviolet radiation and temperature in Larval development of Anura

Cunha, Vanessa Araujo Soares da 12 September 2014 (has links)
Populações de muitas espécies de anfíbios apresentaram um severo declínio global nas últimas décadas, o qual vem sendo documentado em diversas regiões geográficas. Muitos fatores parecem associados ao declínio dos anfíbios, dentre os quais as mudanças climáticas representariam uma das maiores ameaças à permanência dessa linhagem no planeta em razão da sensibilidade desses animais a taxas aceleradas de alteração no clima. O aumento da incidência de radiação ultravioleta-B (UVB) na superfície da Terra pode induzir diversos impactos negativos nos anfíbios como diminuição do crescimento, aumento de efeitos genotóxicos, redução do desempenho locomotor e elevação nas taxas de mortalidade. Os impactos causados pelo UVB podem ainda ser amplificados pela temperatura ambiental, uma vez que em baixas temperaturas o metabolismo é reduzido, afetando o crescimento, o desempenho locomotor e a atividade de enzimas de reparo dos danos causados no DNA pelo UVB. A presente dissertação investigou os efeitos conjuntos da ação do UVB e da temperatura durante o desenvolvimento de girinos em Anura. Os resultados demostraram que girinos expostos ao UVB em temperatura elevada apresentaram um fenótipo com maior probabilidade de sobrevivência em ambientes naturais, o que contrasta com as predições negativas dos efeitos da redução da camada de ozônio e do aquecimento global. Em contraste, a exposição ao UVB induz elevadas quantidades de dano no DNA em girinos, independente da temperatura de manutenção. Adicionalmente, girinos expostos ao UVB em baixa temperatura apresentaram desempenho locomotor reduzido, alta mortalidade, e possivelmente baixa eficiência de reparo de DNA. Em síntese, a presente dissertação congrega resultados que permitem identificar um efeito sinergético entre a exposição ao UVB e temperatura ambiental. / Populations of several amphibian species experienced a severe global decline in the past decades, which has been documented in diverse geographic regions. Several factors seem associated with amphibians decline, among them climate change may represent a major threat due to the sensibility of these animals to accelerated rates of environmental change. The increased incidence of ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB) on the Earth\'s surface may trigger several negative impacts on amphibians, including reduced growth, increased genotoxic effects, limited locomotor performance and increased mortality rates. Such UVB effects may be influenced by environmental temperature, because in the cold the metabolism is reduced, affecting growth, locomotor performance, and activity of enzymes that repair DNA damage induced by UVB. The present study investigated likely interactions between effects of UVB exposure and temperature during the development of anuran tadpoles. Results showed that exposing tadpoles to UVB at high temperatures resulted in phenotypes with increased survival probability in natural environments, which contrasts with predictions of negative consequences imposed by the depletion in the ozone layer and the global warming. Furthermore, tadpoles exposed to UVB at low temperature exhibited reduced locomotor performance, increased mortality rates, and possibly lower efficiency of DNA repair. In conclusion, this dissertation comprises results that sustain existence of synergistic effects between UVB exposure and environmental temperature.
19

Fotoprotetores bioativos multifuncionais contendo rutina, octil dimetil PABA e avobenzona: caracterização físico-química, funcional e eficácia clínica. / Bioactive sunscreens containing rutin, octyl dimethyl PABA and avobenzone: physicochemical, functional and clinical characterization

Letícia Costa Tomazelli Yoshida 31 October 2017 (has links)
A exposição crônica à radiação solar pode contribuir para o aparecimento do câncer de pele, sendo o uso de fotoprotetores um fator primordial na prevenção desses efeitos deletérios. Atualmente, substâncias bioativas tais como a rutina têm sido foco de interesse da comunidade científica graças às suas propriedades fotoprotetoras e antioxidantes, que podem promover aumento dos valores de FPS, além de conferir características multifuncionais às formulações. Achados in vitro recentes indicam que a rutina, quando incorporada em emulsões fotoprotetoras óleo em água, promove aumento da atividade antioxidante e aumento do FPS. No entanto, a realização de estudos clínicos é fundamental para confirmar e quantificar esses resultados, já que a metodologia in vitro possui baixa repetibilidade e ausência de correlação com ensaios in vivo, principalmente quando as formulações analisadas apresentam substâncias antioxidantes em sua composição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar pela primeira vez a atividade da rutina frente ao FPS e sua segurança clínica através da comparação de formulações fotoprotetoras contendo rutina 0.1% (w/w), avobenzona 3.0% (w/w) e octil dimetil PABA 8.0% (w/w) com uma preparação similar sem o composto bioativo. Adicionalmente, hidratação cutânea, FPS in vitro e atividade antioxidante da rutina em associação com outros filtros foram investigados. O perfil de segurança das formulações qualificou as fórmulas para os testes de eficácia clínica. O teste de DPPH confirmou a capacidade antioxidante da rutina, demonstrando cerca de 40% de aumento na capacidade de sequestro de radicais livres na presença do composto bioativo. A rutina em combinação com os filtros UV aumentou o FPS clínico de 7.30 ± 0.60 para 12.37 ± 1.13, o que representa cerca de 70% de aumento. Os resultados encontrados provam que a rutina em combinação com outros filtros pode aumentar significativamente o valor do FPS e que a mesma é segura para uso clínico. / Unprotected chronic exposure to solar radiation can contribute to premature skin cancer and sunscreens are a key factor to avoid those detrimental effects. Currently, there is a growing interest in the photoprotector and antioxidant potential of bioactive substances, such as rutin, that could help to increase the SPF value and add multifunctional characteristics to the formulations. Recent in vitro findings indicated that rutin, when incorporated in oil-in-water photoprotective emulsions can provide antioxidant activity and SPF increase. However, clinical studies are fundamental to determine this activity duo to in vitro methodology lack of repeatability and correlation between the in vivo data, especially when the analyzed formulas contain antioxidant substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time to date the rutin in vivo SPF and clinical safety by comparing sunscreens formulations containing rutin 0.1% (w/w), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane 3.0% (w/w) and octyl dimethylPABA 8.0% (w/w) with a similar bioactive-free preparation. Additionally, skin hydration, in vitro SPF and in vitro antioxidant activity of rutin, in association with the UV filters were investigated. The safety profile of the formulations under sun-exposed skin conditions qualified the formulas for clinical efficacy assays. DPPH test confirmed rutin antioxidant properties, demonstrating about 40% increase in radical scavenging potential when the bioactive compound was present. Rutin in combination with the UV filters increased the clinical SPF from 7.30 ± 0.60 to 12.37 ± 1.13, representing about 70% growth in the SPF value. The results obtained proved that rutin in combination with UV filters can improve the SPF value significantly and is safe for clinical use.
20

Studium kinetiky fotochemických reakcí v tenké tištěné polymerní vrstvě / Kinetic study of photochemical reactions in thin printed layer

Rudická, Andrea January 2020 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with a study of kinetics of photochemical reactions in a thin printed polymer layer. The experimental part deals with the composition preparation and layers coating. The prepared layers were exposed and subsequently studied for their colour response to the light. The aim of this work was to prepare a photosensitive layer with a significant colour change between individual doses of radiation, to improve the mechanical resistance of the layers, to adjust the sensitivity of the compositions to UVB radiation and to study the kinetics of the photochemical reaction used.

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