Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-03T19:00:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 TEXTO FINAL.pdf: 941406 bytes, checksum: 7fa4b2e89b6c1f051c94eeb58042fbdd (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T19:00:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 TEXTO FINAL.pdf: 941406 bytes, checksum: 7fa4b2e89b6c1f051c94eeb58042fbdd (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-06 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / This dissertation intends to analyze the attribution of the juridical category of “person” to the unborn child in the context of the juridical-philosophical formulation of meanings attributed to the term person, from the Roman tradition until the context of the crisis of legal security by codification in which the dignity is juridically chosen as a value of the human person. In Roman law, the concept of the person (persona) was not endowed from the abstract, how it was attributed by the Pandectistic of the 19th century, but embraced the human being concretely in his multiple dimensions, inclusively considering itself as such the unborn child, to which was guaranteed the rights in view of his birth. In regard of axiom conceptus pro iam nato habetur, based in the roman treatment given to the unborn, emerged two interpretations: one, more faithful to the Justinian tradition, which recognizes the concrete reality of the unborn child and equates him to the already born, and the other, abstract, sustained by the Pandectistic and based on the thoughts of Savigny, which considers the parity between the unborn and the born simply a mere fiction. This latter interpretation influenced the elaboration of many civil codes like the German and the Brazilian Code of 1916, both of which determined that the natural personhood can be attributed only when the child is born alive. The idea of personhood while a simple legal attribution withdraws itself from the philosophical tradition that considers the person in his ontological aspects, a fact that deserves to be recognized as primary in the juridical planning. The principle of human dignity, incorporated in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 as the foundation of the Republic, serves as an indication of an ‘ethical personalism’ which reflects itself in personal rights, providing elements to enlarge the semantic content of the juridical concept of person, recognizing the personal dignity of the unborn child, as done in the ‘Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica’ (American Convention on Human Rights), to singularize the juridical personhood as a right and the unborn child as a person. Keywords:

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-22T11:45:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio de Souza Cazarotto.pdf: 1715201 bytes, checksum: 679751e9efe54fc9bc0269170571d73e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T11:45:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio de Souza Cazarotto.pdf: 1715201 bytes, checksum: 679751e9efe54fc9bc0269170571d73e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / The present dissertation have to the principal objective to approach the complex theme for the unborn’s right of life in search of maximum effectiveness in the plan of brazilian legal framework. For this scope been reached, are brougth in the first place the different areas to the problem: the bioethics notion of the moment on which arise the individual human life and onwards when it has been its dignity recognized and guarded; the norms of brazilian legal sistem regarding directely to the theme; the critical analysis for the two jurisprudencial precedentes more recentes and importants that involve this topic; the presentation of a great historical panoramas of the 20th and 21st centuries about the relativization of the right of intrauterine human life for the influence of the specific agents, capable to interview into the brazilian legal-politic order. Finally, invoking of all these elements concurrently, search the proposition of roads and real juridics possibilities in order to that the brazilian legal framework can ensure more efficient of the unborn’s right of life, without neglecting the others fundamental rights closely linked with this, such as the pregnant’s dignity / A presente dissertação tem por objetivo principal abordar o complexo tema do direito à vida do nascituro na busca por sua máxima efetividade no plano do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para que esse escopo seja atingido, são trazidos em primeiro lugar os diferentes âmbitos do problema: a noção bioética do momento em que tem início a vida humana individual e a partir de quando ela deve ter sua dignidade intrínseca reconhecida e resguardada; as normas do sistema jurídico brasileiro referentes diretamente ao tema; a análise crítica dos dois precedentes jurisprudenciais mais recentes e importantes que envolvem o assunto; a apresentação de um amplo panorama histórico dos séculos XX e XXI quanto à relativização do direito à vida humana intrauterina por influência de agentes específicos, capazes de intervir na ordem jurídico-política brasileira. Por fim, valendo-se de todos esses elementos em conjunto, busca a proposição de caminhos e possibilidades jurídicas reais a fim de que o ordenamento brasileiro possa assegurar com maior eficácia o direito à vida do nascituro, sem negligenciar os demais direitos fundamentais intimamente entrelaçados a esse, tal como a dignidade da gestante

Universiẗat, Diss.--Freiburg, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. XII - XXIV.

Univ., Diss.-2004--Münster, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. XII - XXX.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-335) and index.

Zugl.: Halle (Saale), Univ., Diss., 2008

Propõe-se estudo teórico com o objetivo de examinar a extensão e os limites da proteção jurídica concedida aos nascituros no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Há décadas a doutrina nacional se debruça acerca da exegese mais adequada do art. 4 do Código Civil de 1916, que, atualmente, corresponde ao art. 2 do Código Civil, com pequenas modificações textuais, mas sem alterar substancialmente o dispositivo. O Código Civil aparentemente optou pela atribuição da personalidade civil somente após o nascimento com vida, assegurando, contudo, os direitos do nascituro desde a concepção. O próprio Código Civil prevê expressamente direitos ao nascituro, como o direito a se beneficiar de doação e herança, o direito ao reconhecimento de paternidade e o direito à curatela. Nas últimas décadas outras leis infraconstitucionais reforçaram a proteção do nascituro, para resguardar direitos próprios do nascituro, entre eles o direito à assistência pré-natal, o direito à saúde e à integridade física e o direito aos alimentos. Não obstante, é costumeira a consciência de que o reconhecimento desses direitos pressupõe a concessão da personalidade civil desde a concepção, visto que a titularidade deles dependeria do gozo pleno da personalidade. Embora, pelo perfil do interesse, não haja óbice ao reconhecimento de situações patrimoniais, existenciais e dúplices, que podem ser titularizadas pelo nascituro, a preocupação do legislador nacional sempre se centrou nos aspectos patrimoniais. Diante da existência de situações jurídicas subjetivas merecedoras de proteção por parte do ordenamento jurídico titularizáveis pelos nascituros, pretende-se identificar e revelar os direitos extrapatrimoniais do ente por nascer como merecedores de tutela no direito brasileiro. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, observada a metodologia do direito civil constitucional, serão examinados os conceitos de nascituro, bem como as teorias existentes sobre os direitos que lhe são assegurados, com vista à possibilidade de proteção de seus direitos existenciais / The proposal is a theoretical study with the objective of examining the extent and limits of the legal protection granted to the unborn in the Brazilian legal system. For decades, the national doctrine deals about the most appropriate exegesis of art. 4 (1) of the Civil Code of 1916, which, currently, corresponds to art. 2 (1) of the Civil Code, with small textual changes, but without substantial changes. The Civil Code apparently opted for attribution of civil personality only after birth with life, ensuring, however, the rights of the unborn child from conception. The Civil Code itself expressly provides for rights to the unborn child, such as, for example, the right to benefit from donations and inheritance, the right to recognition of paternity and the right curatorship. In recent decades other federal laws reinforced the protection of the unborn child to safeguard their rights, such as, for example, the right to pre-natal care, right to health and physical integrity and alimony rights. Nevertheless, it is usual to realize that the recognition of these rights requires the granting of civil personality from conception, since the entitlement to such rights would depend on the full enjoyment of civil personality. Although, by the profile of interest, there is no obstacle to the recognition of economic, existential or multiple situations, that can be held by the unborn child, the concern of the national legislator always focused on economic aspects. Before the existence of subjective legal situations deserving of protection on the part of the legal system attributed to the unborn, this work aims to identify and disclose the non-economic rights of the unborn as being worthy of protection in Brazilian law. Through bibliographic research, observed the civil-constitutional methodology of civil law, there will be examined the concepts of unborn children, as well as the existing theories about the rights which are guaranteed, with a view to the possibility of protecting their existential rights.

Few issues divide leaders and policy-makers as much as abortion, which regularly sparks heated political, religious and philosophical debates. Numerous states choose to prohibit or criminalize abortion, despite the fact that it has been practiced throughout recorded history. In many of these states, women turn to unsafe abortion methods, such as consuming bleach or inserting a coat hanger, which may cause long-term damage or death. In the light of this tragic reality, one could ask whether these women have a right to safe abortion in human rights law or not. In order to answer this question, the author analyzes the status of abortion in public international law. The results are based on a thorough examination of the preparatory works (travaux préparatoires) and reservations to CEDAW, CRC, ECHR, and ICCPR, as well as documents by international and regional treaty bodies. The author applies a treaty-based international law methodology, analyzes the results through Hilary Charlesworth and Christine Chinkin’s theory of the public and private distinction in public international law and discusses the juridical- political context. The author concludes that there is neither an explicitly formulated human right to abortion, nor is abortion included within the right to family planning. However, she finds that domestic legislation which criminalizes or restrict access to safe abortions may be in violation of other fundamental human rights.

Propõe-se estudo teórico com o objetivo de examinar a extensão e os limites da proteção jurídica concedida aos nascituros no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Há décadas a doutrina nacional se debruça acerca da exegese mais adequada do art. 4 do Código Civil de 1916, que, atualmente, corresponde ao art. 2 do Código Civil, com pequenas modificações textuais, mas sem alterar substancialmente o dispositivo. O Código Civil aparentemente optou pela atribuição da personalidade civil somente após o nascimento com vida, assegurando, contudo, os direitos do nascituro desde a concepção. O próprio Código Civil prevê expressamente direitos ao nascituro, como o direito a se beneficiar de doação e herança, o direito ao reconhecimento de paternidade e o direito à curatela. Nas últimas décadas outras leis infraconstitucionais reforçaram a proteção do nascituro, para resguardar direitos próprios do nascituro, entre eles o direito à assistência pré-natal, o direito à saúde e à integridade física e o direito aos alimentos. Não obstante, é costumeira a consciência de que o reconhecimento desses direitos pressupõe a concessão da personalidade civil desde a concepção, visto que a titularidade deles dependeria do gozo pleno da personalidade. Embora, pelo perfil do interesse, não haja óbice ao reconhecimento de situações patrimoniais, existenciais e dúplices, que podem ser titularizadas pelo nascituro, a preocupação do legislador nacional sempre se centrou nos aspectos patrimoniais. Diante da existência de situações jurídicas subjetivas merecedoras de proteção por parte do ordenamento jurídico titularizáveis pelos nascituros, pretende-se identificar e revelar os direitos extrapatrimoniais do ente por nascer como merecedores de tutela no direito brasileiro. Mediante pesquisa bibliográfica, observada a metodologia do direito civil constitucional, serão examinados os conceitos de nascituro, bem como as teorias existentes sobre os direitos que lhe são assegurados, com vista à possibilidade de proteção de seus direitos existenciais / The proposal is a theoretical study with the objective of examining the extent and limits of the legal protection granted to the unborn in the Brazilian legal system. For decades, the national doctrine deals about the most appropriate exegesis of art. 4 (1) of the Civil Code of 1916, which, currently, corresponds to art. 2 (1) of the Civil Code, with small textual changes, but without substantial changes. The Civil Code apparently opted for attribution of civil personality only after birth with life, ensuring, however, the rights of the unborn child from conception. The Civil Code itself expressly provides for rights to the unborn child, such as, for example, the right to benefit from donations and inheritance, the right to recognition of paternity and the right curatorship. In recent decades other federal laws reinforced the protection of the unborn child to safeguard their rights, such as, for example, the right to pre-natal care, right to health and physical integrity and alimony rights. Nevertheless, it is usual to realize that the recognition of these rights requires the granting of civil personality from conception, since the entitlement to such rights would depend on the full enjoyment of civil personality. Although, by the profile of interest, there is no obstacle to the recognition of economic, existential or multiple situations, that can be held by the unborn child, the concern of the national legislator always focused on economic aspects. Before the existence of subjective legal situations deserving of protection on the part of the legal system attributed to the unborn, this work aims to identify and disclose the non-economic rights of the unborn as being worthy of protection in Brazilian law. Through bibliographic research, observed the civil-constitutional methodology of civil law, there will be examined the concepts of unborn children, as well as the existing theories about the rights which are guaranteed, with a view to the possibility of protecting their existential rights.

Magister Scientiae (Medical Bioscience) - MSc(MBS) / Maternal smoking is known to cause serious health risks to the unborn child. Recent studies implicate nicotine as the causative factor. Maternal nicotine exposure during pregnancy and lactation interferes with foetal and neonatal lung growth and development,rendering the lung more susceptible to damage and diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate: 1) the effect of maternal exposure to nicotine (1mg/kg BW/day) during all phases of lung development: 2) and vitamin C supplementation (0.5mg/kg BW/day) to prevent the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure on lung development in the offspring. This is based on studies in our laboratories which suggested that nicotine reduces the blood and tissue vitamin C content of the mother,thereby rendering the neonate more susceptible to oxidation damage. The chief motivation of this study was to establish whether an anti-oxidant, such as vitamin C, can be administered to smoking pregnant and lactating mothers in order to combat the deleterious effects of nicotine on the lung development of their offspring. It was found that although maternal nicotine exposure had no significant effect on the growth parameters of the offspring, it did have an effect on the development of the lung, compromising the ability of the lung to act as an organ of gaseous exchange. There was a decrease in the surface area available for gas exchange. The change occurred after the lung reached maturation and resembled microscopic emphysema. Vitamin C supplementation was unable to fully protect the neonatal lung against the adverse effects of maternal nicotine exposure; it however partially protected the neonatal lung against structural deterioration. Supplementation with vitamin C definitely offers possibilities as a prophylactic to combat the detrimental influence of maternal nicotine-exposure on foetal and postnatal lung development.