O comportamento maternal (CM) em mamíferos tem características específicas. O período logo após o parto é particularmente sensível a alterações fisiológicas que podem modular a expressão deste comportamento importante. Mudanças comportamentais observadas em animais doentes são consideradas comportamento doentio (CD). A exposição ao LPS, uma endotoxina derivada da parede de uma bactéria gran negativa, durante a gravidez pode causar doenças mentais. A fim de investigar, uma possível relação entre CM e CD, os animais foram tratados com LPS. Para o estudo do CM e agressivo, quarenta ratas foram divididos em quatro grupos, dois controles e dois grupos experimentais, com dez animais cada. O grupo experimental recebeu 100µg/kg de LPS por via i.p, e grupo controle o veículo de endotoxina, após quarenta e oito horas de administração de LPS, ou seja, no quinto dia de lactação, as observações começaram. Para escolha deste dia, ratas virgens e ratas lactantes foram divididas em quatro grupos, dois controles e dois experimentais, com dez fêmeas cada. O peso corporal, consumo de água, ração, e a temperatura corporal foram medidas para cento e vinte horas. As fêmeas do grupo controle foram observadas da mesma forma, mas foram tratados com o veículo do LPS. Observamos que: 1) Em ratas virgens e lactantes o tratamento com LPS modificou a temperatura e peso corporal, consumo de água e ração; 2) No período de lactação houve redução da latência para busca do primeiro filhote. Na prole verificou-se que: 3) Houve alteração no padrão de vocalização dos filhotes cujas mães foram expostas ao LPS no terceiro dia de lactação; 4) houve alteração no burst e fagocitose de enutrofilos no vigésimo primeiro dia de lactação após desafio com a endotoxina indicativo de maior resposta ao LPS. Concluiu-se que a exposição de ratos ao LPS facilita o comportamento maternal, mas promove alterações na sua prole relacionadas à interação entre mãe-filhote e aumento na resposta a um desafio imunológico. / Maternal behavior (MB) in mammals has specific characteristics. The time period just after parturition is particularly sensitive to physiological changes that can modulate the expression of this important behavior. Behavioral changes observed in sick animals, are considered as sick behavior (SB). Exposure to LPS, an endotoxin derived from the wall of a gran negative bacteria, during pregnancy might cause mental diseases. In order to investigate, a possible relationship between MB and SB, animals were treated with LPS. For the study of MB and maternal aggressive behavior, 40 rats were divided in 4 groups, 2 control and 2 experimental groups. The experimental group received 100µg/kg LPS by ip, and control group the vehicle of endotoxin, after 48 hours of LPS administration the observations of SB began. For choice these days, 20 virgin and 20 lactating rats were divided in 4 groups, 2 control and 2 experimental. They received ip 100µg/kg. Body weight, water and feed consumption, and body temperature were measured for 120h. Control females were observed in the same way, but they were treated with vehicle of LPS. The results showed that: 1) In 48 hours after the LPS treatment, virgin and lactating rats showed increased body temperature, loss of body weight, increased water consumption and decreased food consumption, 2) In 48 hours after the treatment with LPS, lactating rats showed reduced latency to retrieve the first pup to the nest. In the offspring of mothers treated with LPS it was found that: 3) Pups form mothers treated with LPS on the 5th day of lactation showed changes in the vocalization pattern; 4) Those pups showed changes in oxidative burst and phagocytosis on 21th day of lactation. It is concluded that exposure of rats to LPS promoted changes in the in the interaction between mother and pups.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-22T11:42:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Alves Cardoso.pdf: 1472341 bytes, checksum: 8c0f6ae1e2101029680ee570708895cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T11:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gerson Alves Cardoso.pdf: 1472341 bytes, checksum: 8c0f6ae1e2101029680ee570708895cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study deals with the right to accumulate additional health and safety hazards, which should not be an end in itself, but a mechanism that aims to discourage the lack of initiatives of employers with the health and safety of workers, and reveals the concern With the effectiveness of the right to an adequate working environment, free from any agents that may endanger the life or health of the worker, starting from the analysis of the doctrine, jurisprudence, national and foreign legislation. In this way, undoubtedly the Labor Law has followed new directions, aiming to eradicate unemployment, keep jobs, etc., and promoting the adequate working environment essential for the dignification of the worker. However, it can be seen that preventive and corrective measures taken by employers have not always been effective in eliciting hazardous and unhealthy agents from the work environment, resulting in exposure to the danger or even sickness of the worker. Thus, recent judgments have recognized that when the measures taken to make the environment of work adequate prove unsatisfactory, it is due to the employee the right to receive, cumulatively, additional unhealthiness and dangerousness, in a true change of position of the Labor Court, And which may culminate, with the possibility of an additional insalubrity for each unhealthy agent present in the working environment / O presente estudo versa sobre o direito à acumulação dos adicionais de insalubridade e periculosidade, que não devem ser um fim em si mesmo, mas um mecanismo que objetiva desestimular a falta de iniciativas dos empregadores com a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores, e revela a preocupação com a efetividade do direito ao meio ambiente de trabalho adequado, isento de quaisquer agentes que possam colocar em risco a vida ou a saúde do trabalhador, partindo-se da análise da doutrina, jurisprudência, legislação pátria e estrangeira. Nessa toada, sem dúvidas o Direito do Trabalho tem seguido novos rumos, visando a erradicar o desemprego, manter postos de trabalho etc., sendo a promoção do meio ambiente de trabalho adequado essencial para a dignificação do trabalhador. Entretanto, verifica-se que nem sempre as medidas preventivas e corretivas adotadas pelos empregadores têm se demonstrado eficazes para elidir os agentes perigosos e insalubres do meio ambiente de trabalho, resultando na exposição ao perigo ou mesmo o adoecimento do trabalhador. Assim, julgados recentes têm reconhecido que quando as medidas adotadas para tornar o meio ambiente do trabalho adequado se mostrarem insatisfatórias, é devido ao empregado o direito de receber, cumulativamente, adicionais de insalubridade e periculosidade, numa verdadeira mudança de postura da Justiça do Trabalho, e que pode culminar, inclusive, com a possibilidade de um adicional de insalubridade para cada agente insalubre presente no meio ambiente do trabalho

O comportamento maternal (CM) em mamíferos tem características específicas. O período logo após o parto é particularmente sensível a alterações fisiológicas que podem modular a expressão deste comportamento importante. Mudanças comportamentais observadas em animais doentes são consideradas comportamento doentio (CD). A exposição ao LPS, uma endotoxina derivada da parede de uma bactéria gran negativa, durante a gravidez pode causar doenças mentais. A fim de investigar, uma possível relação entre CM e CD, os animais foram tratados com LPS. Para o estudo do CM e agressivo, quarenta ratas foram divididos em quatro grupos, dois controles e dois grupos experimentais, com dez animais cada. O grupo experimental recebeu 100µg/kg de LPS por via i.p, e grupo controle o veículo de endotoxina, após quarenta e oito horas de administração de LPS, ou seja, no quinto dia de lactação, as observações começaram. Para escolha deste dia, ratas virgens e ratas lactantes foram divididas em quatro grupos, dois controles e dois experimentais, com dez fêmeas cada. O peso corporal, consumo de água, ração, e a temperatura corporal foram medidas para cento e vinte horas. As fêmeas do grupo controle foram observadas da mesma forma, mas foram tratados com o veículo do LPS. Observamos que: 1) Em ratas virgens e lactantes o tratamento com LPS modificou a temperatura e peso corporal, consumo de água e ração; 2) No período de lactação houve redução da latência para busca do primeiro filhote. Na prole verificou-se que: 3) Houve alteração no padrão de vocalização dos filhotes cujas mães foram expostas ao LPS no terceiro dia de lactação; 4) houve alteração no burst e fagocitose de enutrofilos no vigésimo primeiro dia de lactação após desafio com a endotoxina indicativo de maior resposta ao LPS. Concluiu-se que a exposição de ratos ao LPS facilita o comportamento maternal, mas promove alterações na sua prole relacionadas à interação entre mãe-filhote e aumento na resposta a um desafio imunológico. / Maternal behavior (MB) in mammals has specific characteristics. The time period just after parturition is particularly sensitive to physiological changes that can modulate the expression of this important behavior. Behavioral changes observed in sick animals, are considered as sick behavior (SB). Exposure to LPS, an endotoxin derived from the wall of a gran negative bacteria, during pregnancy might cause mental diseases. In order to investigate, a possible relationship between MB and SB, animals were treated with LPS. For the study of MB and maternal aggressive behavior, 40 rats were divided in 4 groups, 2 control and 2 experimental groups. The experimental group received 100µg/kg LPS by ip, and control group the vehicle of endotoxin, after 48 hours of LPS administration the observations of SB began. For choice these days, 20 virgin and 20 lactating rats were divided in 4 groups, 2 control and 2 experimental. They received ip 100µg/kg. Body weight, water and feed consumption, and body temperature were measured for 120h. Control females were observed in the same way, but they were treated with vehicle of LPS. The results showed that: 1) In 48 hours after the LPS treatment, virgin and lactating rats showed increased body temperature, loss of body weight, increased water consumption and decreased food consumption, 2) In 48 hours after the treatment with LPS, lactating rats showed reduced latency to retrieve the first pup to the nest. In the offspring of mothers treated with LPS it was found that: 3) Pups form mothers treated with LPS on the 5th day of lactation showed changes in the vocalization pattern; 4) Those pups showed changes in oxidative burst and phagocytosis on 21th day of lactation. It is concluded that exposure of rats to LPS promoted changes in the in the interaction between mother and pups.

ABSTRACT Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) affect health and wellbeing, and have broad societal costs (Bouchery, Harwood, Sacks, Simon, & Brewer, 2011; Rehm et al., 2009; Sudhinaraset, Wigglesworth, Takeuchi, & Tsuker, 2016). While treatments have existed for decades, they are limited in success and expensive to administer. As such, understanding which factors best predict who will benefit most from treatment remains a laudable goal. Prior attempts to predict factors associated with positive treatment outcome are limited by methodology including statistical methods that lead to poor predictive power in new samples. This study aims to use a data-driven approach to clarify the predictors of AUD treatment success (Objective 1) accompanied by a theory-driven analysis assessing the mediation of treatment outcomes through psychological distress (Objective 2). Methods: One hundred forty-five patients seeking treatment for alcohol use problems at the Day One Intensive Outpatient Treatment Program (part of UVM Medical Center) between June 2011 and June 2012 were examined. Variables were extracted through chart review and were categorized using the Bronfenbrenner Ecological Model. First, 20% of the sample was set-aside for model testing, and the remaining 80% was used in an Elastic Net Regularized linear regression, with 10-fold cross validation. Models were tested on the set-aside sample to yield estimates of out-of-sample prediction and repeated models were compared to ensure generalizability. Next, a theoretical model was tested examining a model of psychological distress mediating the relationship between individual predictors and treatment outcome. Results: The models developed from the Elastic Net Regularization approach demonstrated consistency in model strength (mean=0.32, standard deviation=0.03) with models ranging from 14 to 31 included variables. Across the models, 15 variables occurred in >75% of the models, and an additional 7 variables were included in 25% - 75% of the models. Some of the strongest predictors included treatment non-compliance (β=-0.92), ASI Alcohol Composite (β=0.63), treatment dosage (β =-0.36), and readiness to change (β=-0.95). The results of the theory-driven mediation analysis demonstrated several strong direct predictors of outcome frequency of alcohol use, including readiness to change (β=-0.59), initial frequency of alcohol use (β=0.27), and access to a primary care physician (β=-2.20). The theoretical model found that none of the mediation pathways (testing psychological variables) were significantly different from the direct models. Conclusions: This study used both data-driven and theory-driven methods to examine factors affecting treatment of AUDs. The application of data-driven methods provided several predictors of outcome that can guide treatment efforts within Day One IOP treatment, as well as generalized to other abstinence-based treatment settings. For example, focusing on treatment attendance and using motivational interviewing to enhance readiness to change are methods supported by this study. Demographic variables that have been shown to predict treatment outcome in small studies, without cross-validation were not identified by the elastic net regression (e.g., age and gender). It is suspected that this is due to model overfitting in prior studies supporting the importance of using generalizable statistical methods to understand predictors of treatment outcome. This notion is supported by the results of the theory-driven model, which did not yield a strong model of treatment success. Taken together, the results support the use of strong analytic techniques which will guide theory in the future.

Tyrimo objektas – Lietuvos sporto universiteto ir Antano Stulginskio universiteto 3-4 kurso studentai Tyrimo tikslas: Įvertinti studentų mitybos sąsajas su subjektyviu savo sveikatos vertinimu, fiziniu aktyvumu ir žalingais įpročiais. Uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti studentų fizinio aktyvumo lygį. 2. Išanalizuoti studentų sveikų ir nesveikų maisto produktų vartojimo įpročius. 3. Išanalizuoti mitybos sąsajas su fiziniu aktyvumu. 4. Įvertinti mitybos sąsajas su subjektyviu savo sveikatos vertinimu. 5. Įvertinti studentų mitybos sąsajas su žalingais įpročiais. Tyrimo imtis ir organizavimas. 2013 metų sausio – vasario mėnesiais buvo vykdoma anketinė apklausa tarp trečio ir ketvirto kurso Lietuvos sporto universiteto ir Antano Stulginskio universitetų studentų. Iš viso buvo apklausti 194 studentai. Iš jų 85 LSU studentai ir 109 ASU studentai. Išvados: 1. Dažniau nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvios buvo studentės (44,3 proc.), negu studentai (19,1 proc., p<0,05). 2. Tyrimo metu buvo išsiaiškinta, jog vaikinai studentai dažniau už studentes merginas vartoja sultis, virtas daržoves, paukštieną, greitą maistą, gaiviuosius gėrimus su cukrumi, natūralų pieną bei stiprius alkoholinius gėrimus (p<0,05). Studentės už studentus dažniau valgo pieno produktus ir saldumynus (p<0,05). LSU studentai dažniau už ASU studentus vartoja vaisus, šviežias daržoves, pieno produktus (p<0,05). ASU studentai dažniau už LSU studentus vartoja natūralų pieną (p<0,05). 3. Fiziškai aktyvūs studentai linkę vartoti daugiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Subject - students of 3- 4 courses of Lithuanian Sport University and Antanas Stulginskis University The aim of the study: To evaluate students’ nourishment connection with subjective evaluation of their heath physical activity and harmful habits. Objektives: 1. To evaluate level of students physical activity. 2. To evaluete students‘ subjective evaluation of their health with noutrishment. 3. To evaluete nourishment connection with physical activity. 4. To analyze consumption habits of healthy and unhealthy food. 5. To evaluate connection between harmful habits and unhealthy nourishment. Sample and organization. In January and February 2013 it was carried out a survey among third and fourth courses students of Lithuanian Sport University and Antanas Stulginskis University. It was surveyed 194 students: 85 students of LSU and 109 ones of ASU. Conclusion: 1. Students men were more physically active than students women, who were not enough physically active. 2. According to the data of the survey male students consume juice, boiled vegetables, paultry, refreshments with sugar, natural milk and strong drinks more often than female students (p<0,) Female students more often choose milk products and confectionary than male students (p<0,05). Students of LSU consume more fruit, fresh vegetables and milk products than students of ASU (p<0,05). Students of ASU more often have natural milk than students of LSU (p<0,05). 3. Physically active students are prone to use more... [to full text]

The purpose of this study was to investigate what knowledge teachers in kindergarten have about nutrition and human metabolism and which education shall be made at mealtimes. I also wanted to investigate if preschool teachers know about the Swedish National Food Agency's advice for good food in kindergarten. This was done by a quantitative questionnaire answered by 47 teachers. My results show that the teachers feel that their knowledge is usually sufficient but that they would like to have more knowledge with a focus on imparting knowledge to the children. During mealtime education about origin of the food, how the body reacts to the food we eat and how we should live in a healthy way be made. This combined with physical activity and social skills training. The Swedish society has increasing problems with diseases caused by an unhelthy lifestyle, people are also more sedentary today and a lots of them are suffering by overweight.Therefore it is important to learn about how we care for our bodies in a healthy way early in life. Few teachers now about the Swedish National Food Agency's advice for good food in kindergarten, the advicese can be a good suppert in this learning and consequently the advices need to be highlighted and become a important complement to the policy documents and curriculum that are guiding the activites in the Swedish preschool. / Syftet med denna undersökning var att undersöka vilken kunskap pedagogerna har om näringslära och ämnesomsättning samt vilket lärande de anser ska ske vid måltiderna i förskolan. Jag ville också undersöka om pedagogerna känner till Livsmedelsverkets råd för bra mat i förskolan. Metoden för undersökningen var kvantitativ genom enkäter som besvarades av 47 pedagoger. Svaret på mina forskningsfrågor blev att pedagogerna känner att deras kunskap för det mesta räcker till men att de gärna vill ha fortbildning i ämnet och då gärna med fokus på att förmedla kunskapen till barnen. Vid måltiden kan lärande om matens ursprung, om hur kroppen reagerar på den mat vi äter samt hur vi ska leva på ett hälsosamt sätt ske. Detta i kombination med motorisk och social träning. Det svenska samhället har problem med sjukdomar som orsakas av en ohälsosam kost och en mer stillasittande livsstil. Därför är det viktigt att människor tidigt i livet får lära sig hur de ska ta hand om sin kropp på bästa möjliga sätt. Eftersom min undersökning visar att få pedagoger känner till Livsmedelsverkets råd som kan vara ett stöd i detta arbete kan de behöva lyftas fram och bli ett tydligare komplement till de dokument och läroplaner som styr verksamheten i den svenska förskolan.

This thesis deals about theme of music in leisure and its effects on humans. The first chapter is describing about music in history. The second chapter deals about the pop music, using music in leisure and about the media which are producing music and spreading it among the people. The last third chapter discusses about the effect of music on humans. Effects are noxious or therapeutic. In the practical part we were examining and describing the perception of healthy and unhealthy music by people. Except that we were also examining the status of music in leisure.

The concept of a fat tax is a heavily debated topic around the world (given increasing levels of obesity and overweight) as a measure to be used by legislators to control the consumption of food items that are seen to cause obesity and overweight. The purpose of a fat tax can be likened to that of a sin tax (used to control consumption of products seen as vices to society). Little research has been carried out on fat tax in South Africa as the debate surrounding the levels of obesity has only been initiated on a national level in recent years. However, given the significant threat which high levels of obesity and overweight pose to South Africans (the fourth fattest nation in the world), the viability of any measure that would curb the consumption of unhealthy foods by South Africans should be investigated. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the introduction of a fat tax would affect consumer consumption habits by deterring consumers from purchasing unhealthy foods and in this way begin to lower the levels of obesity observed in the country. This study consists of a review of various literature in favour of, and against the implementation of sin and fat taxes, a detailed investigation into the effect of the levying of sin taxes by the South African Minister of Finance on tobacco and alcohol consumption and a survey researching the possible impact that an implemented fat tax would have on consumer consumption patterns in South Africa. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Taxation / MCom / Unrestricted

La multiplication de la délinquance juvénile suscite de nombreuses interrogations. Ainsi, comment offrir une réponse juste et adaptée au mineur, d'autant plus lorsque celui-ci est atteint d'une pathologie physique nécessitant des soins lourds et récurrents ? Il existe un véritable vide juridique en la matière, ce qui pose indiscutablement des difficultés pratiques. Ni la loi du 15 août 2014 relative à l'individualisation des peines, ni les projets de réforme de l'ordonnance du 02 février 1945 relative à l'enfance délinquante n'apportent de réponses concrètes à cette situation. A cet égard, après des recherches sur le terrain, il est apparu que les professionnels du droit faisaient généralement, dans la mesure du possible, un traitement au cas par cas, faute de textes juridiques. Dès lors, l'objet de cette thèse est de proposer des pistes de réflexion relatives aux éventuels aménagements de la procédure pénale, du stade de l'enquête à celui de l'exécution de la peine. Le sujet s'inscrit dans une actualité juridique en pleine évolution eu égard aux projets de réformes en cours. / The proliferation of juvenile delinquency raises many questions. Thus, how to provide a fair and appropriate response to the minor, especially when it is sufferingfrom a physical condition requiring heavy and ongoing care?There is a real legal vacuum in this area, which undoubtedly poses practical difficulties. Neither the law of August 15th 2014 concerning the individualization ofsentences, nor the orders of reform projects from February 2nd 1945 on juvenile delinquency, bring concrete answers to this situation.Therein, after researching on the spot, it appears that legal professionals were doing, generally, as much as possible, a case-by-case treatment, because of olack of legal texts. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to provide actionable insights on possible adjustments of the criminal proceedings, from the stage of theinquiry to the execution of the sentence. The subject is part of evolving legal developments with respect to ongoing reform projects.

The problem concerns determining whether healthy and unhealthy religious beliefs can be distinguished. A 150 item Religious Beliefs Inventory (RBI) was developed to assess healthy and unhealthy religious beliefs. In a pilot study, RBI scales were developed and the MMPI-168 was used as the criteria measure. Fifteen of the 23 RBI scales yielded an average reliability of .79 and an average validity of .48 for 95 undergraduate university subjects. The present study seeks to cross-validate the results of the pilot study with a church-active sample. Six judges/pastors evaluated RBI items as healthy or unhealthy and their responses were used to formulate and validate the RBI scoring system. For the 196 church-active subjects, Hypothesis 1 is supported by eleven of the seventeen significant predicted correlations between the RBI and the validity criteria MMPI- 168, ranging from .14 to .28 with an average of .20. The average reliability of 15 RBI scales is .71. Hypothesis 2 is supported by five of eight significant predicted positive correlations between the RBI and the Rehfisch RI (Rigidity) scale, ranging from .18 to .25 with an average of .17. One or more of the following explanations may account for the absence of higher and more numerous significant correlations for support for Hypotheses 1 and 2 found in the present study: (a) the distribution of scores on 18 of 24 RBI scales are skewed to the right; (b) there are significant differences between characteristics of the pilot study undergraduate sample and the church-active sample participating in the present study; (c) there is a need to assess an individual's degree of involvement in his religious beliefs; (d) psychometric improvements are needed in the RBI; and (e) limitations of the validity criteria. In conclusion, although the RBI is not ready for clinical use, fifteen of the RBI scales appear to hold promise and deserve further revision and research.