Higher education in post-independence Kenya from 1963 to 2009 has been characterized by rapid expansion - both in terms of student enrolment and in a sharp increase in the number of both private and public universities. While national and institutional mechanisms, such as the establishment of a revolving fund, the Higher Education Loans Board and the introduction of the Privately Sponsored Students Programme, have been initiated to address the sharp demand for higher education against a backdrop of diminishing financial support, violent student unrest - which seriously undermined these efforts - has persisted. A sustained period of student unrest has characterized Kenya‟s higher education. This has manifested itself in the form of violent protests, riots, boycotts and strikes. Statistics indicate that the intensity/frequency and violence of the strikes has steadily increased over the years. For example, between 1969 and 2000 sixty-nine cases of student strikes were recorded at all the public universities. Of these cases, twenty-two (31.88%) occurred within a time span of 20 years (1969-1989) while forty-seven cases (68.12%) occurred in a short period of just one decade (1990-2000).At Moi University twenty-four cases of strikes, which affected its colleges and campuses, were recorded between 1985 and 2009. In terms of radical policy adaptation at both national and institutional levels, one would expect a downward trend in unrest. Instead, however, the frequency and intensity of violence associated with strikes has increased at an alarming rate with several deaths being reported. As such, this study has investigated the factors that have contributed to, and informed, a sustained period of student unrest with a specific focus on Moi University in order to identify policy lessons. Global, national and institutional aspects were examined. A case study strategy was applied - with Moi University as its focus. Data was collected through an in-depth review of the relevant literature, document analysis and interviews. Past and present senior management staff members at Moi University, including Deans of Faculties, Deans of Students, Heads of Departments, and Heads of Sections as well as former student leaders were interviewed. The study concludes in its findings that the university is operating within a highly dynamic and unstable social-political environment, leading to the emergence of inadequate policy adaptations. The resultant shortcomings in the operations of the university attract the wrath of an informed student population in the form of unrest. The students action is not however simply reactionary, as they too, as change agents have their own agenda that evolves over time as they seize opportunities created by the policy shortcomings to pursue it. The study summarized the salient factors responsible for the violent unrest in five broad thematic areas. These include: (i) Unrest associated with flawed international and national policies and social pressure; (ii) Unrest associated with critical national issues and identification with progressive change agents; (iii) Unrest associated with student politics;(iv) Unrest associated with social identity and threats of their welfare from organized groups; and (v) Unrest associated with the prevalence of institutional catalyzing factors. A typical strike develops through four main phases: (i) The development/ brewing phase; (ii) The heightened tension phase; (iii) The full blown strike phase; and (iv) The dissipation/uneasy calm phase. Organizational disequilibrium describes the general state of instability characterizing the university, while organizational paranoia is associated with instances of devastating strikes during a heightened tension phase. A strike matrix of Spontaneous vs Orchestrated and Flash vs Protracted typify the strikes. Unrest has led to the disruption of academic programmes; the destruction of property and deaths; a loss of critical study time; and damage to students‟ careers caused by suspensions and expulsions. The need for a well-considered policy that involves exhaustive consultation with all the stake-holders emerges as critical for the future stability of universities. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2013 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

North Texas State University and the surrounding Denton community enjoyed a quiet college atmosphere throughout most of the 1960s. With the retirement of President J. C. Matthews in 1968, however, North Texas began witnessing the issues most commonly associated with the turbulent decade, such as the struggle for civil rights, the anti-Vietnam War movement, the fight for student rights on campus, and the emergence of the Counterculture. Over the last two years of the decade, North Texas State University and the surrounding community dealt directly with the 1960s and, under the astute leadership of President John J. Kamerick, successfully endured trying times.

Denna studie undersöker vilka faktorer som påverkar yrkesprofessioners anmälningsbenägenhet vid misstanke om att ett barn far illa. Studien undersöker även hur statistiken ser ut gällande barnmisshandel samt i vilken utsträckning orosanmälningar leder till åtal och påföljder för förövaren. Studiens empiri sträcker sig från år 1990 till 2021 och utgår endast utifrån Brottsförebyggande rådets publicerade rapporter. En kvalitativ textanalys har använts vid bearbetningen av studiens empiriska material. Vid analysen av det empiriska materialet har Michael Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrati och alienation används som ett teoretiskt ramverk för att skapa en djupare förståelse och förklaring av de sociala fenomen som Brottsförebyggande rådets publikationer presenterade. Syftet med studien var att belysa vilka faktorer som påverkar yrkesprofessioner i valet att anmäla barnmisshandel eller inte. Med hjälp av Lipskys teori framgick det hur yrkesprofessioners anmälningsbenägenhet i vårt land påverkas av de faktorer som enligt Lipsky kännetecknar gräsrotsbyråkratens arbetssituation. Utifrån Lipskys teori går det att urskilja att valet att anmäla barnmisshandel eller inte görs utifrån flera faktorer såsom tidsbrist, kunskapsbrist och bristande vägledning från chef och verksamhet. Med hjälp av Lipskys begrepp alienation blev konsekvenserna av yrkesprofessioners alienerade arbete synliga, där bland annat åsikter och fördomar om andra myndigheter resulterade i informationshinder och en minskad anmälningsbenägenhet. / This study examines the factors that affect professionals propensity to report suspected child abuse. The study also examines what the statistics look like regarding child abuse and the extent to which reports of regarding child abuse lead to prosecution and sanctions for the perpetrator. This empirical study extends from year 1990 to 2021 and is based solely on the Swedish crime prevention council's published reports. A qualitative text analysis has been used in the processing of the study's empirical material. In the analysis of the empirical material, Michael Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucracy and alienation has been used as a theoretical framework to create a deeper understanding and explanation of the social phenomena presented by the Swedish crime prevention council's publications. The purpose of the study was to shed light on the factors that affect professions in the choice to report child abuse or not. With the help of Lipsky's theory, it became clear how the propensity of professionals in our country to report is affected by the factors that, according to Lipsky, characterize the street-level bureaucrat's work situation. Based on Lipsky's theory, it is possible to distinguish that the choice to report child abuse or not is made on the basis of several factors such as lack of time, lack of knowledge and lack of guidance from the manager and operations. With the help of Lipsky's concept of alienation, the consequences of the professionals alienated work became visible, where, among other things, opinions and prejudices about other authorities resulted in information barriers and a reduced propensity to report.Keywords: alienation, barriers to information, child abuse, propensity to report, reports of unrest, street-level bureaucra

University of the Witwatersrand Discipline of Psychology MASTERS RESEARCH REPORT / This study conducted a thematic content analysis qualitative methods approach to explore the perceptions of the “Impact of the 2012 Marikana labour unrest on labour and industrial relations in South Africa”. Perceptions of industrial relations stakeholder role efficacy; causes and consequences of labour-management conflict, intra-union conflict and inter-union conflict are discussed. Economic, political, sociological factors as well as the influence of group dynamics are discussed to frame the impact of the 2012 Marikana incident on labour and industrial relations in South Africa.

Denna uppsats syftar till att studera platser med kontinuitet genom slutet av den sena bronsåldern på Peloponnesos för att undersöka vilka faktorer som bidrar till kontinuitet genom en period som traditionellt definieras av dess förstörelse och sociala oro. Undersökningen utgår från platser med kontinuitet genom SH IIIB–SH IIIC på Peloponnesos publicerade i Mycenaean Atlas Project, och studerar dessa platser genom en kvantitativt jämförande analys. Studien använder resiliensteori, och undersöker vilka karaktärsdrag hos platserna som möjliggjorde resiliens och kontinuitet genom SH IIIB–SH IIIC. Materialet ställs i relation till huvudsakligen två förklaringsmodeller rörande samhällsnedgången under slutet av sen bronsålder: det torrare klimatet, och social oro. I det sociala perspektivet visar resultatet att en försvarbarhet och isolering från palatsens kontaktnät var fördelaktigt för kontinuitet genom perioden. Ur det klimatologiska perspektivet kan ingen tydlig koppling etableras mellan platsernas karaktärsdrag och deras möjlighet till kontinuitet. / This essay aims to study places with continuity through the end of the Late Bronze Age in the Peloponnese to examine what factors contribute to continuity through a period traditionally defined by its destruction and social unrest. Source material for the essay is confined to places with continuity through LH IIIB–LH IIIC in the Peloponnese published through the Mycenaean Atlas Project, and the places are studied through a quantitative and comparative analysis. The study uses resilience theory and examines what place traits made continuity and resilience through LH IIIB–LH IIIC possible. The source material is put in relation to two explanatory models regarding the societal decline during the end of the Late Bronze Age: the drier climate, and social unrest. In the social perspective, the results indicate that defendable places and isolation from the palace networks are favourable aspects for continuity through the period. No clear link between place traits and continuity can be established in the climatological perspective.

[pt] Movimentos e coletivos sociais urbanos têm desempenhado um papel fundamental nas pautas dos direitos sociais e econômicos ao longo da história. Já a agenda climática se desenvolveu e se fortaleceu principalmente em espaços de governança globais, dominados por cientistas, organizações não governamentais e governos, e só nas últimas décadas têm tido mais permeabilidade em normativas e debates nacionais e subnacionais. O presente artigo pretende articular a ideia de como se expressa atualmente o encontro entre os debates globais e a experiência de movimentos e coletivos urbanos no trato da pauta climática, trazendo um estudo de caso da comunidade de Vila Arraes, em Recife, que foi fortemente atingida por chuvas torrenciais em maio de 2022, e desde então tem se fortalecido para enfrentar eventos climáticos extremos. O estudo busca identificar os principais elementos incorporados pelo coletivo comunitário local para voltar a sua atuação para o enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas e desenvolvimento da capacidade de resiliência e resposta da comunidade a eventos extremos e como eles podem trazer respostas para lacunas dos debates globais. Embora ainda haja uma distância significativa entre a agenda global e os desafios vividos pelas comunidades mais afetadas pelas mudanças climáticas, há oportunidades de enriquecer os debates globais, em especial quando se trata da aplicação de planos de adaptação climática, resiliência comunitária e perdas e danos, a partir das experiências do território. / [en] Urban social movements and collectives have played a fundamental role in the social and economic rights agenda throughout history. The climate agenda, on the other hand, has been developed and strengthened mainly in global governance spaces, dominated by scientists, non-governmental organizations and governments, and only in recent decades has it become more permeable in national and sub-national regulations and debates. This article aims to articulate the idea of how the encounter between global debates and the experience of urban movements and collectives in dealing with the climate agenda is currently expressed, bringing a case study of the community of Vila Arraes, in Recife, which was hit hard by torrential rains in May 2022, and has since strengthened itself to face extreme climate events. The study seeks to identify the main elements incorporated by the local community collective to turn their actions towards tackling climate change and developing the community s resilience and response capacity to extreme events, and how they can provide answers to gaps in global debates. Although there is still a significant gap between the global agenda and the challenges experienced by the communities most affected by climate change, there are opportunities to enrich global debates, especially when it comes to the application of climate adaptation plans, community resilience and loss and damage, based on the experiences of the territory.

anglicky: Title of the thesis: Today's France: Report on Colonial Heritage: New National Identity Keywords: colonization, decolonization, immigration, integration, the Law of February 23 2005, suburban social unrest in 2005, Great Debate on National Identity Abstract: The following study deals with history of colonization and its repercussions on the current situation in France and its demography from the sociological, cultural and political point of view. The study is divided into two parts: the history and the present. The first part is based on works of historians and analyses the colonial history of France and the process of decolonization. The second part focuses on legacy of the colonial adventure on the present, it follows the discussions in the French press, works on French immigration and integration and analyses of researchers studying repercussions of colonial past on the present. The second part also includes history and specificities of immigration and integration in France, the Law of February 23 2005 on the positive role of French presence abroad, the suburban unrest of 2005 and the Great Debate on National Identity.

This thesis aims to provide a history of African American working class and Leftist activism in Atlanta, Georgia during the early 1970s. It places a series of wildcat strikes within the context of political and social transition, and charges unequal economic conditions and a racially charged discriminatory environment as primary causes. The legacies of both the Civil Rights Movement and the New Left are identified as key contributing factors to this wave of labor unrest. One path taken by former Civil Right activists was to focus on poor peoples’ movements, and one course taken by the 1960s-era New Left activists was to join forces with the working class in an attempt to build a New Communist movement. In Atlanta, these two forces converged and generated a notable force against some of city’s most prominent employers.

Kawah Ijen (2386 m) is a stratovolcano located within Ijen Caldera, at the easternmost<p>part of Java island in Indonesia. Since 2010, the volcano has been equipped with seismometers<p>and several sensors (temperature and level) have been immersed in its acidic lake waters and in the acidic river seeping on the volcano flanks. While finding instruments capable of resisting to such extreme conditions (pH~0) has been challenging, the coupling of lake monitoring techniques with seismic data improves the knowledge of the volcanic-hydrothermal dynamics. Moreover, the monitoring capabilities have been considerably<p>enhanced supporting the decision-making of the authorities in case of emergency.<p><p>Several methods and processing techniques were used to analyze the seismic data. Much effort has been given to implement the seismic velocities (Moving Window Cross Spectral Analysis (MWCSA)) calculations. At Kawah Ijen, the frequency band that is less affected by the volcanic tremor and the seasonal fluctuations at the source ranges between 0.5-1.0 Hz. Moreover, a stack of 5 days for the current CCF gives reliable results with low errors and allows to detect fluctuations which are missed using a 10-day stack.<p><p>The background seismic activity mostly consists in low frequency events and a continuous tremor of low amplitude. Fluctuations of the lake temperature and level result from the recharge of the hydrothermal system during the rainy season. Kawah Ijen lake waters are not perfectly mixed and a shallow stratification occurs during the rainy season, because meteoric waters are less dense than the lake fluids.<p><p>Different unrest occurred during our study. Some of them strongly affected the volcanic lake, while others did only weakly. In the first category, a strong unrest commenced in October 2011 with heightened VT (Volcano Tectonic) earthquakes and low frequency events activity, which culminated mid-December 2011. This unrest was correlated with an enhanced heat and hydrothermal fluids discharge to the crater and significant variations of the relative velocities (~1%). This suggests an important build-up of stress into the system. VT earthquakes opened pathways for the fluids to ascend, by increasing the permeability of the system, which latter allowed the initiation of monochromatic tremor (MT) when the steam/gases interacted with the shallow portions of the aquifer. Our calculations evidence a higher contribution of steam in March 2012 that might explain the increase of the MT frequency when bubbles were observed at the lake surface. This period was also characterized by short-lived but strong velocity variations, related to water level<p>rises containing important amount of bubbles, and important heat and mass discharges<p>into the lake. On the contrary, the second category of unrest did only slightly affect the<p>lake system. This could be explained by a dryer hydrothermal system and/or locations of<p>the seismic sources, which were not directly linked to the lake.<p><p>While a magmatic eruption will likely be preceded by a strong seismic activity, the major challenges remain to understand why the unrest we studied did not lead to an eruption and to identify precursory signs of a phreatic eruption. Even a small phreatic eruption would be devastating for the people working everyday in the crater and the ones<p>who live nearby the voluminous acidic lake. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.