The desire for preserving a portion of this country's cultural resources has forced archaeologists and resource managers to make determinations about the relative significance of archaeological sites. Decisions are made regarding which sites are to be preserved and which must be dismissed in the name of progress. The first half of this thesis traces both the history and evolution of the significance concept, and briefly reviews some of the means and strategies archaeologists use in making significance evaluations in the face of continued economic development and a rapidly changing theoretic and methodological discipline. The second half of this thesis demonstrates a proposed significance preservation model for the known archaeological resources using data from the Upper Yalobusha River Basin in north central Mississippi. Unlike preservation strategies that evaluate resource significance on a site-by-site basis, this model establishes preservation areas based on a twenty percent representative sample of the known cultural resources in the region. / Department of Anthropology

Recent numbers on English Proficiency Index (2018) indicate that Sweden is in the lead ofEnglish proficiency, whereas Turkey is lagging far behind. Vocabulary plays a vital role inlanguage learning, and research confirms that learners become more confident and proficientusers of English when they receive enough support to expand their word knowledge. Thiscomparative study is twofold: one aspect focuses on how the steering documents in Swedenand Turkey support integration of vocabulary teaching through a content analysis, and theother is on what teachers, in qualitative interviews, report they do to help their learnersincrease their vocabulary knowledge. Although Sweden is in the lead of proficiency, thesupport for vocabulary teaching in the syllabus is relatively absent, whereas the Turkishsyllabus puts an emphasis on teaching and learning words. Furthermore, Swedish and Turkishteachers incorporate vocabulary in their classrooms differently as a result of how theyinterpret what the respective syllabus require. However, neither of these syllabuses areexemplary in describing vocabulary teaching and learning, and one could argue for combiningthe approaches in the two syllabuses, which could perhaps lead to a decrease in the gapbetween “word poor” learners and “word rich” learners.

The traditional first-order analysis in Euclidean spaces relies on the Sobolev spaces W1,p(Ω), where Ω ⊂ Rn is open and p ∈ [1, ∞].The Sobolev norm is then defined as the sum of Lp norms of a function and its distributional gradient.We generalize the notion of Sobolev spaces in two different ways. First, the underlying function norm will be replaced by the “norm” of a quasi-Banach function lattice. Second, we will investigate functions defined on an abstract metric measure space and that is why the distributional gradients need to be substituted. The thesis consists of two papers. The first one builds up the elementary theory of Newtonian spaces based on quasi-Banach function lattices. These lattices are complete linear spaces of measurable functions with a topology given by a quasinorm satisfying the lattice property. Newtonian spaces are first-order Sobolev-type spaces on abstract metric measure spaces, where the role of weak derivatives is passed on to upper gradients. Tools such asmoduli of curve families and the Sobolev capacity are developed, which allows us to study basic properties of the Newtonian functions.We will see that Newtonian spaces can be equivalently defined using the notion of weak upper gradients, which increases the number of techniques available to study these spaces. The absolute continuity of Newtonian functions along curves and the completeness of Newtonian spaces in this general setting are also established. The second paper in the thesis then continues with investigation of properties of Newtonian spaces based on quasi-Banach function lattices. The set of all weak upper gradients of a Newtonian function is of particular interest.We will prove that minimalweak upper gradients exist in this general setting.Assuming that Lebesgue’s differentiation theoremholds for the underlyingmetricmeasure space,wewill find a family of representation formulae. Furthermore, the connection between pointwise convergence of a sequence of Newtonian functions and its convergence in norm is studied.

No description available.

This research focuses on the estimation of the impacts of climate change on water yield, streamflow extremes, and the streamflow regimes in the Cline River Watershed, and consequently, water availability for hydropower generation in this area. The Cline River Watershed comprises the flow into Lake Abraham, the reservoir for Bighorn Dam, is part of the upper North Saskatchewan River basin (UNSRB). This objective was achieved by parameterizing the ACRU agro-hydrological modelling system. After parameterization was complete, ACRU output was calibrated and verified against available observed data, including temperature, snow water equivalent, glacier mass balance, potential evapotranspiration, and streamflow data. After ACRU was properly verified, five selected climate change scenarios to estimate impacts of climate change in this area. Overall water yields are projected to increase over time. A large shift in seasonality is likely the biggest impact climate change will have on water resources in the Cline River Watershed. / xii, 126 leaves : ill., maps ; 29 cm

No description available.

Advanced devices that can assist the therapists to offer rehabilitation are in high demand with the growing rehabilitation needs. The primary requirement from such rehabilitative devices is to reduce the therapist monitoring time. If the training device can autonomously adapt to the performance of the user, it can make the rehabilitation partly self-manageable. Therefore the main goal of our research is to investigate how to make a rehabilitation system more adaptable. The strategy we followed to augment the adaptability of the GENTLE/A robotic system was to (i) identify the parameters that inform about the contribution of the user/robot during a human-robot interaction session and (ii) use these parameters as performance indicators to adapt the system. Three main studies were conducted with healthy participants during the course of this PhD. The first study identified that the difference between the position coordinates recorded by the robot and the reference trajectory position coordinates indicated the leading/lagging status of the user with respect to the robot. Using the leadlag model we proposed two strategies to enhance the adaptability of the system. The first adaptability strategy tuned the performance time to suit the user’s requirements (second study). The second adaptability strategy tuned the task difficulty level based on the user’s leading or lagging status (third study). In summary the research undertaken during this PhD successfully enhanced the adaptability of the GENTLE/A system. The adaptability strategies evaluated were designed to suit various stages of recovery. Apart from potential use for remote assessment of patients, the work presented in this thesis is applicable in many areas of human-robot interaction research where a robot and human are involved in physical interaction.

The outputs that form the basis of this PhD submission include a web site that summarises a unique collection of over 200 Court Judgments in personal injury claims for work-related upper limb disorders heard in the UK, together with a number of more conventional publications. Individually, these outputs all address upper limb disorders associated with work although they each had slightly different objectives and the audiences for which they were produced significantly influenced the type of publication in which they appeared. Together, they help illustrate when, how and, to some extent, why upper limb disorders associated with keyboard use became the issue it did in the UK in the late 1980s and 1990s. While many might now regard keyboard or computer use as an innocuous task, in the late 1980s and 1990s upper limb disorders associated with keyboard use, particularly computer use, became the subject of litigation, legislation, industrial disputes and widespread publicity. The outputs on which this submission is based, together, suggest that following the importation of the concept of repetitive strain injuries (RSI) from Australia in the later 1980s, the activities of trades unions and journalists in the UK promoted work-relevant upper limb symptoms and disorders associated with keyboard use as work-induced injuries. Subsequently, a small number of successful, union-backed, personal injury claims, which involved contentious medical evidence and perhaps an element of iatrogenesis, were widely promoted as proof that computer use causes injury. Around the same time, the government chose to implement flawed Regulations relating to the design and use of computer workstations, which failed to distinguish between that which might give rise to discomfort, fatigue and frustration and that which might give rise to injury. The existence of these Regulations, which among other things require regular, individual risk assessments of computer users, unlike any other type of work, could be interpreted as further 'proof' that computer use causes injury. The approach to the prevention and management of musculoskeletal disorders advocated in current HSE guidance, including the risk assessment strategy, remain capable of generating distorted perceptions of the risks arising from keyboard and computer use.

Dans le cadre de la gestion de la ressource en eau, la connaissance des hétérogénéités des nappes alluviales représente un enjeu primordial. Ce travail de thèse, qui s’inscrit dans le programme du PIREN-Seine, s’est intéressé à la plaine alluviale de la Bassée, à l’amont de Paris, la plus large plaine alluviale de la Seine.Cette plaine alluviale joue le rôle d’une zone tampon contrôlant les flux entre le réseau de surface et un aquifère régional. Connaître les hétérogénéités sédimentaires est primordial pour la compréhension des écoulements et fait l’objet de ce travail.L’architecture à l’échelle kilométrique des dépôts alluviaux et la chronologie des nappes associées est établie. La géométrie du contact nappe-substrat, une vallée incisée, est estimée par krigeage. Une restitution paléo-hydrologique s’appuie sur les paléo-tracés préservés en surface des nappes alluviales. L’architecture fine des dépôts est restituée à partir de données de sondages converties en propriétés pétrophysiques et d’imagerie géoradar.La plaine de la Bassée correspond à deux terrasses étagées (Saalien terminal et Weichsélien) dans lesquelles sont emboîtées deux autres terrasses (Tardiglaciaire et Holocène).L’estimation de la géométrie du contact alluvions-substrat suggère la présence d’une rupture de pente liée à une érosion régressive durant le Weichsélien. Les faciès des différentes nappes sont assez semblables et dominés par des dépôts de forte perméabilité (sables et graviers). De faibles valeurs de perméabilités sont associées aux faciès de colmatage de chenaux et dépôts en masse.Les résultats obtenus sur la plaine de la Bassée méritent d’être confrontés et validés sur des affluents de la Seine (Marne, Yonne, Oise…) afin de proposer un modèle cohérent à l’échelle du bassin. / In the scope of water resource management, the characterization of alluvial plain architecture and heterogeneity represents a challenge. This PhD work which is part of the PIREN-SEINE program focuses on largest alluvial plain of the River Seine, “La Bassée”, located upstream of Paris.This alluvial plain can be considered as a buffer layer that controls the water fluxes between the fluvial system and the regional aquifers. Determining the sedimentary heterogeneities is essential for the comprehension of fluxes, this is the aim of this work.Kilometric scale architecture of the alluvial deposits and the associated alluvial sheets chronology are established. The geometry of the sheet-bedrock contact, an incised valley, is estimated by kriging interpolation. A paleohydrological restitution is based on the paleochannels preserved at the top of the alluvial sheets. The fine scale architecture of deposits is restored from sampling data converted into petrophysics properties and ground-penetrating radar acquisitions.The alluvial plain of La Bassée corresponds to two terraces (terminal Saalian and Weichselian) in which two other terraces are staircased (Late Glacial and Holocene).The estimated sheet-bedrock contact geometry suggests the presence of a knick-point related to a regressive erosion during the Weichselian. Sedimentary facies are very similar from one alluvial sheet to another, and are dominated by high permeability deposits (sand and gravel). Low permeability facies are associated to channel plugs and mass transport deposits.The infilling model of La Bassée region obtained in this study should be compared and validated on the River Seine tributaries (Marne river, Yonne river, Oise river…) to propose a coherent model at the basin scale.

As principais desordens dos membros superiores e cervical (CANS - Complaints of arms, neck and shoulders) podem ser definidas como queixas musculoesqueléticas nas regiões de membro superior, ombro e pescoço não atribuídas a trauma agudo ou a desordens sistêmicas. Essas desordens são comuns entre trabalhadores usuários de computador. O Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) é uma das poucas ferramentas existentes na literatura para avaliação de risco ergonômico e psicossocial em trabalhadores, além da vantagem de ser específico para usuários de computador, porém não está validado no português-brasileiro. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a adaptação transcultural para o português-brasileiro e validação do MUEQ em trabalhadores de escritório usuários de computador e verificar a prevalência das CANS na amostra recrutada. A tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiram as diretrizes do Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments nos estágios: tradução, síntese, retrotradução, revisão pelo comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Na etapa do teste da versão pré-final, foram aplicados 55 questionários em trabalhadores usuários de computador, que relataram dificuldades de compreensão abaixo do valor estipulado de 20%, não sendo necessária a reformulação da ferramenta. Para testar a confiabilidade, outros 50 sujeitos preencheram o questionário, em dois momentos, com nível de reprodutibilidade considerado excelente (ICC>0,75). A amostra para a análise da consistência interna e análise fatorial do questionário contou com 386 trabalhadores usuários de computador de mesa entre 18 e 60 anos. Para a consistência interna foram observados valores de de Cronbach maiores que 0,7 para todos os domínios. Na análise fatorial os domínios/subdomínios apresentaram valores de eigenvalue superiores a 1 e os valores de variância explicada acumulada dos fatores de cada domínio variou entre 40% e 60%. A prevalência das CANS nos últimos três meses por pelo menos uma semana foi de 73,32% (IC=0,69-0,77) na amostra total (n=283) e 82% (IC=0,76-0,87) das mulheres e 62% (IC=0,55-0,69) dos homens relataram alguma das CANS. Os domínios foram mantidos iguais à versão original do MUEQ. A queixa musculoesquelética mais observada foi a dor no pescoço (51%). A partir deste trabalho disponibilizou-se um instrumento abrangente e confiável para a avaliação ergonômica e psicossocial relacionado às queixas em cervical e membro superior em trabalhadores usuários de computador brasileiros e foi observada alta prevalência de CANS na população observada. / Complaints of the Arm, Neck and Shoulder (CANS) have a multifactorial etiology, and, therefore, its assessment should take into consideration work-related ergonomic and psychosocial aspects. The Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) is among the few specific tools available to evaluate the nature and occurrence of CANS in computer office workers. The purpose of the present study was to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the MUEQ to Brazilian Portuguese and verify the psychometric properties of the MUEQ-Br in Brazilian computer office workers and to assess the prevalence of CANS in a sample of Brazilian computer office workers. The translation and cultural adaptation followed the guidelines of the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments in six stages: translation, synthesis, back translation, review by the expert committee, pre-test and submission of documents to the committee. In the test of pre-final version, 55 questionnaires were administered to computer workers who reported difficulties in understanding below the stipulated 20%, without the need for redesign of the tool. The pre-final version test counted on the participation of 55 computer office workers. For reproducibility, it was considered a sample of 50 workers who answered the questionnaire twice with a one-week interval. A sample comprised by 386 (37.44 years, Confidence Interval (CI) 95%:36.50-38.38, 216 women and 170 men) workers from the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto campus to validate the structure of the questionnaire, verify internal consistency and CANS prevalence. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used for the statistical analysis of reproducibility, Cronbachs Alpha for Internal Consistency, and the Principal Component Analysis method for Exploratory Factor Analysis. The psychometric properties of the MUEQ were assessed using exploratory factor analysis, which revealed 14 factors. The calculation of internal consistency, reproducibility and cross validation provided evidence of reliability and lack of redundancy. It was verified ICC values greater than 0.75 and cronbachs alpha greater than 0.7. Factor analysis was conducted for every section of the questionnaire and 14 factors were found, two for each section accounting for approximately 40 to 60% of the variance. The prevalence rate of CANS indicated that 73% (IC=0,69-0,77) of the respondents reported at least one complaint in the arm, neck and/or shoulder in the total sample (n=283), 82% (IC=0,76-0,87) of the women and 62% IC=0,55-0,69) of the men. The highest prevalence rates were found for neck symptoms (51%). The MUEQ-Br demonstrated to be a valid tool for the assessment of risk factors related to pain in the upper extremity among Brazilian computer office workers.