Projektets avsikt har varit att undersöka i vilken omfattning solceller på tak kan gynna Västfastigheters energimål. Examensarbetet infördes av Västfastigheter i Borås då de har ett energimål till år 2030, vilket är att halvera den specifika köpta energi jämfört med motsvarande värden från 1995-talet. Syftet med detta arbete var att ge Västfastigheter ett skriftligt underlag om huruvida appliceringen av solceller på ett tak ger en vinst inom energitekniska och ekonomiska perspektiv samt vilka risker som kan förekomma, speciellt när det handlar om medicinsk verksamhet. Huvudmålet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka, med hjälp av litteraturstudier och beräkningar om användningen av solceller kan minska Södra Älvsborg Sjukhusets (som förvaltas av Västfastigheter) specifik köpta elenergin genom att mata solcellsproduktionen direkt på nätet (fall 1) eller att ladda batteribanken i UPS-anläggningen för byggnad 14 för att undergå växelriktarens förluster (fall 2). Resultatet i fall 1 visar att en solcellsanläggning skulle kunna producera cirka 82 MWh per år i Borås medan den totala elkonsumtionen för byggnad 14 är idag 1 252 MWh. Det visar sig att solcellsproduktionen endast täcker 6,5 % av totala elkonsumtionen. Detta resulterar med att större takyta krävs vilket i sin tur skapar en större anläggning för att täcka en större del av elkonsumtionen för varje månad på året.    Resultatet från fall 2 säger att ladda batteripaketet med solcellsproduktionen genom UPSanläggningens likspänningssida inte blir en lämplig lösning på grund av att funktionen hos en UPS-anläggning är att batterierna alltid ska vara full laddade för att de ska kunna träda in i händelse av ett strömavbrott.  En utredning om hur stor effektförlusterna i UPS-anläggningen i byggnad 14 (se bilaga 6) är, och hur stor andel av denna som solcellsanläggningen kan täcka togs därför som ett alternativ till uppdraget som Västfastigheter gav i uppdrag.    Mätningar på den momentana ingående och utgående effekten i UPS-anläggningen för byggnad 14 resulterade med en förlust på totalt 5 kW vilket motsvarade 3 600 kWh per månad då dygnsvariationen inte är lika stor på UPS-nätet som övriga elförbrukningen. Figur 13 visar att förlusten kan ersättas med stor marginal med överskottsel alla månader förutom januari, februari, november och december. Men på grund av mycket elöverskott under sommar månaderna så får man igen energin och kostnaderna för månaderna som kompenserades med köpt el energi.      Den ekonomiska kalkylen säger att återbetalningstiden blir 12,5 år och därefter blir solcellsanläggningen ekonomisk lönsam. Dock så hinner anläggningen i självaverket inte generera inköpsfri elenergi under åren tills 2031 om anläggningen tas i drift år 2019 då Västfastigheters energimål var satt till år 2030. / The thesis work was introduced by Västfastgheter in Borås since they had an energy goal to accomplish, which is to reduce the specific purchased energy by half compared to 1970 years values. The purpose of this project was to examine if the photovoltaic cells will service the energy goal of Västfastigheter.   The purpose of this work was also to give the Västfastigheter a proof that the application of photovoltaic cells on a roof can give a profit in terms of technological and economical energy perspectives as well as the risks that may occur especially when it comes to medical occupation. The main objective of this project was to use the studies, theories and calculations to investigate if the solar cells have the potential to reduce the Södra Älvsborg Hospital's (managed by Västfastigheter) specific purchased electricity by feeding the solar cell production directly on the main powerline (case 1) or charging the battery bank in the UPS building for building 14 (case 2). The result in case 1 shows that the solar cell system produces about 82 MWh per year in Borås while the total electricity consumption for building 14 is 1 252 MWh today. It turns out that solar cell total production only covers 6.5% of electricity consumption. This indicates that larger roof space is required, which in turn creates a larger facility to cover a larger proportion of electricity consumption for each month of the year. However, the profitability calculation and the repayment time are not affected   The result of Case 2 shows that charging the battery pack with the solar cell production through the DC-power side of the UPS system does not result in an appropriate solution because the function of a UPS system is that the batteries should always be fully charged to enable them to enter in the event of a power failure.  An investigation of how much power loss UPS machines in building 14 (see Appendix 6) have and how much of this solar cell facility can cover was therefore taken as an alternative to the assignment that Västfastigheter commissioned.    Measurements of the instantaneous input and output power of the UPS building for Building 14 resulted in a loss of a total of 5 kW, which corresponded to 3 600 kWh for each month constant as the daily variation is not as high on the UPS network as the electricity consumption. Figure 13 shows that the loss can be replaced by large margin surpluses every month except January, February, November and December. But due to a lot of surplus in the summer months, you get the energy and costs for the months that were compensated with purchased electricity.   The final Economic calculations say that the repayment period will be 12.5 years and after that, the solar cell system will be economically profitable. However, the photovoltaic plant in the company itself will not generate unprocessed electricity energy over the years until 2031 if the solar cell facility will start producing electricity from year 2019 when the Västfastigheters energy goal were set by 2030.

A FBXO25 é parte de uma E3 ligase do tipo RING, (Really Interesting New Gene), oligomérica do tipo SCF, responsável pelo reconhecimento específico do substrato a ser degradado via Sistema Ubiquitina-Proteassoma (SUP). O SUP é o principal mecanismo proteolítico intracelular, responsável pela degradação de 80-90% das proteínas citosólicas e nucleares. A FBXO25 é capaz de formar um complexo SCF1 ativo (formado pela interação das proteínas Skp1, Cul1, Roc1 e uma proteína do tipo F-box), capaz de ubiquitinar seus substratos. Essa proteína se acumula no núcleo celular formando uma nova estrutura subnuclear denominada FANDs (FBXO25 Associated Nuclear Domains) que estão envolvidos na ubiquitinação nuclear. Nesse trabalho, purificamos complexos SCF1 (WT ou sem o domínio de interação com Skp1 (F)), tratados ou não com PMA, pela técnica de imunoprecipitação. Identificamos por espectrometria de massas um sítio de fosforilação essencial para FBXO25, quando células transfectadas são tratadas com o mitógeno PMA. Buscamos também por substratos diferencialmente ubiquitinados por esses complexos, por meio de ensaios em ProtoArrays®, identificando substratos envolvidos na via de sinalização ERK1/2. / The FBXO25 is an E3 ligase RING type (Really Interesting New Gene), SCF oligomeric type, responsible for the specific recognition of the substrate to be degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (SUP). SUP is the main intracellular proteolytic mechanism responsible for 80-90% degradation of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. The FBXO25 is capable of forming a complex SCF1 (formed by the interaction of proteins Skp1, Cul1, Roc1 protein and a type F-box), resulting in an active SCF complex which is able to ubiquitinate their substrates. This protein accumulates in the nucleus forming a subnuclear structure called FANDs (FBXO25 Associated Nuclear Domains) that are involved in nuclear ubiquitination. In this work, we purify complex SCF1 (WT or F- box, which is not able to interact with Skp1), treated or not with PMA, by immunoprecipitation technique. We identified by mass spectrometry, an essential phosphorylation site for FBXO25, when it is phosphorylated under the action of the mitogenic reagent PMA. We also search for differentially ubiquitinated substrates for these complexes, by testing in ProtoArrays® identifying substrates involved in the signaling pathway ERK1 / 2.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att beräkna vad det kostar att ha UPS-kraft (Uninterruptible Power Supply). Arbetet utfördes för Västfastigheter på Södra Älvsborgs Sjukhus (SÄS) i Borås. Studien utfördes på en UPS i drift i byggnad 7. UPS: en i denna byggnad har 10 kVA kapacitet och är av dubbelkonverterande typ. Batterier av Ni-Cd (Nickel-Kadmium) typ används till backup med UPS: en. UPS av dubbelkonverterande typ är känd för att skapa mycket övertoner, men är fördelaktig för dess skyddande förmåga mot spänningsspikar.Mätningar har gjorts för att beräkna kostnadsberäkningarna. Ytterligare hjälp har fåtts i form av räkningar och UPS-leverantörer (Ups-teknik och Eurotech AB). / Uppsatsnivå: C

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5616_1.pdf: 1821861 bytes, checksum: db782c77f5cdfb78835512d49e7f6892 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Com a sociedade globalizada e a evolução da informática, o conceito de horário comercial não é mais simples. Transações bancárias, negociações na bolsa de valores e compras pelo computador ocorrem em qualquer horário e as empresas precisam garantir a disponibilidade de seus serviços sempre. Para garantir o fornecimento ininterrupto de energia para estes sistemas de informações são utilizados grupos motorgerador (GMG) e uninterruptible power supply (UPS). Quando há dificuldade de acoplamento entre os dois equipamentos, na prática, os projetistas superdimensionam o GMG em relação ao UPS sem embasamento teórico para esta ação. Este estudo propõe apresentar a correlação entre os dados de placa desses equipamentos e o distúrbio de tensão entre eles para proporcionar uma maior segurança no dimensionamento de sistemas com UPS e GMG. A metodologia desse estudo propõe o uso de Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA s) para descrever esta correlação e transformada wavelet para destacar os distúrbios medidos e auxiliar na convergência da RNA em seu treinamento. Os resultados obtidos com as redes desenvolvidas neste trabalho sugerem que o menor distúrbio no sinal, obtido devido ao acoplamento de UPS e GMG, ocorrerá se as potências dos equipamentos (dados de placa) forem próximas, independente do nível de carregamento do sistema. À medida que esta relação se distancia do valor unitário, a perturbação aumenta e um UPS com potência menor que o GMG contribui mais com a distorção do sinal do que ao contrário

Vlivy a přínosy expresní přepravy na rozvoj ekonomiky a na proces globalizace. Analýza mezinárodních expresních kurýrních společností přítomných na českém trhu. Porovnání kvality a rozsahu jimi nabízených služeb.

A FBXO25 é parte de uma E3 ligase do tipo RING, (Really Interesting New Gene), oligomérica do tipo SCF, responsável pelo reconhecimento específico do substrato a ser degradado via Sistema Ubiquitina-Proteassoma (SUP). O SUP é o principal mecanismo proteolítico intracelular, responsável pela degradação de 80-90% das proteínas citosólicas e nucleares. A FBXO25 é capaz de formar um complexo SCF1 ativo (formado pela interação das proteínas Skp1, Cul1, Roc1 e uma proteína do tipo F-box), capaz de ubiquitinar seus substratos. Essa proteína se acumula no núcleo celular formando uma nova estrutura subnuclear denominada FANDs (FBXO25 Associated Nuclear Domains) que estão envolvidos na ubiquitinação nuclear. Nesse trabalho, purificamos complexos SCF1 (WT ou sem o domínio de interação com Skp1 (F)), tratados ou não com PMA, pela técnica de imunoprecipitação. Identificamos por espectrometria de massas um sítio de fosforilação essencial para FBXO25, quando células transfectadas são tratadas com o mitógeno PMA. Buscamos também por substratos diferencialmente ubiquitinados por esses complexos, por meio de ensaios em ProtoArrays®, identificando substratos envolvidos na via de sinalização ERK1/2. / The FBXO25 is an E3 ligase RING type (Really Interesting New Gene), SCF oligomeric type, responsible for the specific recognition of the substrate to be degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (SUP). SUP is the main intracellular proteolytic mechanism responsible for 80-90% degradation of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. The FBXO25 is capable of forming a complex SCF1 (formed by the interaction of proteins Skp1, Cul1, Roc1 protein and a type F-box), resulting in an active SCF complex which is able to ubiquitinate their substrates. This protein accumulates in the nucleus forming a subnuclear structure called FANDs (FBXO25 Associated Nuclear Domains) that are involved in nuclear ubiquitination. In this work, we purify complex SCF1 (WT or F- box, which is not able to interact with Skp1), treated or not with PMA, by immunoprecipitation technique. We identified by mass spectrometry, an essential phosphorylation site for FBXO25, when it is phosphorylated under the action of the mitogenic reagent PMA. We also search for differentially ubiquitinated substrates for these complexes, by testing in ProtoArrays® identifying substrates involved in the signaling pathway ERK1 / 2.

Due to the fast changing environment of China’s logistics market and high participative level of foreign logistics enterprises, Chinese logistics players mostly suffer from their low service ability of Third Party Logistics. Big gaps certainly exist between domestic ones and foreign giants.   The thesis aims to compare the TMS of a local logistics company and a large multinational company. Investigating how TMS is applied in China’s logistics market and making comparison of TMS between a multinational company and a Chinese local company is the main contribution of the paper.     After conducting cases study and interview on a foreign multinational logistics enterprise United Parcel Service and a Chinese local small logistics Jiangsu Universal Logistics Company, this paper has a relatively high reliability and validity. Relevant knowledge of TMS, mode and carriers, and 3PL is selected to present in the theoretical framework.   In the thesis body, we compared two chosen companies from three logistical levels: strategic, tactical, and operational. In detail, we found a vast of differences lying in nine parts that we selected from the TMS reference functional model and domains. Considering the characteristics and future challenges of China logistics market, we strongly recommend JULC to adapt TMS. However, it is unfeasible for JULC to apply the entire TMS. Therefore, we provide the solutions in three perspectives. First and foremost, apply part of TMS in the relevant field, in terms of network design and capacity management. An equally important solution is adapting cost-saving solution in certain administrative field, namely: planning, vehicle, execution, finance. Last but not least, in order to provide the company more opportunities, a few general approaches will be presented.   After a closer examine of the consequences when the integrated solutions got applied, we surely drew the conclusion that 3PL performance of domestics companies will get enhanced in the near future.

This paper focuses on identifying factors influencing the financing decisions of growth-oriented start-ups. A sample of 8 business incubator start-ups has been studied within a qualitative research so as to reach that goal. Their fundraising choices are analyzed using supporting financial and psychological theories. Also, the thesis examines the start-ups’ interaction with a business incubator and investors.It is found that growth oriented start-ups use internal funds in the first instance, the lack of financial capital representing the main reason behind this decision. Moreover, it is clear that bank loans are not a viable alternative for start-ups mainly because of the collaterals required. However, debt financing, coming from more accessible sources, is used despite the higher costs, this if it helps in achieving growth. Lastly, equity capital is regarded positively by growth oriented start-ups although it dilutes the control. The reasoning is that control is traded-off with the skills and experience the external investors bring in once with their investments.

Fuel cells are expected to play an important role in future power generation. However, significant technical challenges remain and the commercial breakthrough of fuel cells is hindered by the high price of fuel cell components. As is well known, the fuel cells do not provide the robust source characteristics required to effectively follow the load during significant load steps and they have limited overload-handling capability. Further, the performance of the fuel cell is significantly degraded when the CO (Carbon Monoxide) is contained in the hydrogen fuel. In this thesis several new approaches to improve the performance of PEM based fuel cell power systems are discussed. In the first section an impedance model of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack (PEMFCS) is first proposed. This equivalent circuit model of the fuel cell stack is derived by a frequency response analysis (FRA) technique to evaluate the effects of the ripple current generated by the power-conditioning unit. Experimental results are presented to show the effects of the ripple currents. In the second section, a fuel cell powered UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) system is proposed. In this approach, two PEM Fuel Cell modules along with suitable DC/DC and DC/AC power electronic converter modules are employed. A Supercapacitor module is also employed to compensate for instantaneous power fluctuations including overload and to overcome the slow dynamics of the fuel processor such as reformers. A complete design example for a 1-kVA system is presented. In the third section, an advanced power converter topology is proposed to significantly improve the CO tolerance on PEM based fuel cell power systems. An additional two-stage dc-dc converter with a supercapacitor module is connected to the fuel cell to draw a low frequency (0.5Hz) pulsating current of the specific amplitude (20-30[A]) from the fuel cell stack. CO on the catalyst surface can be electro-oxidized by using this technique, and thereby the CO tolerance of the system can be significantly improved. Simulation and experimental results show the validity and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

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