Activists contesting urban neoliberalism are traveling to participate in struggles beyond their place of residence. They are sharing, teaching and advising activists from other struggles. They are also promoters of specific imaginaries and strategies of contestation. I refer to this phenomenon as translocal urban activism, a type of brokerage that aims to draw global connections among local political movements and a global activist network. By the analysis of the translocal practices against gentrification of the Spanish art collective Left Hand Rotation in Latin America, I direct the discussion to identify the mechanisms whereby translocal urban activism shapes the geography of urban movements against gentrification, and to examine how translocal urban activism contributes to the reproduction of and resistance against neoliberal ideas, values, and practices. I argue that power geometries within translocal urban activists, tend to nurture the global activist network with dominant imaginaries and practices, eclipsing other alternatives.

Essa dissertação se propõe a analisar os grupos ativistas, buscando entender de que maneira tem se dado sua atuação nos espaços públicos da cidade de São Paulo e como o poder público vem se articulando com esses novos atores sociais. Para isso, a pesquisa trata do surgimento e do desenvolvimento desses grupos, além de analisar as atuações de dois grupos ativistas: o coletivo Ocupe & Abrace, que luta pela preservação da Praça da Nascente, e o Organismo Parque Augusta, que reivindica a consolidação do Parque Augusta. Assim, o trabalho pretende trazer reflexões sobre o movimento ativista urbano e como ele pode contribuir para o debate sobre as cidades contemporâneas. Palavras- / This dissertation offers an analysis on activist groups and seeks to understand how they act in public spaces of the city of São Paulo and how the authorities are engaging with these new social actors. For this, the research traces the emergence and development of these groups and analyzes two current activist groups: the \"Ocupe & Abrace\" (occupy and embrace), who fights for the preservation of the Nascente Square, and the \"Organismo Parque Augusta\" (Park Augusta Organism), who defends the full recognition of the Augusta Park. Hence, the essay reflects over the urban activist movement and how it can contribute to the debate on contemporary cities.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Ana Carolina Carvalho Farias - 2018.pdf: 29542893 bytes, checksum: 53b0284234a19e601a1df1bf59490dc0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Cities are formed by a set of official practices supported by their normative institutions, and also by unofficial practices, that escape the norms and that bring other possibilities, other urgencies. The term tactical urbanism began to be used in the first decade of the 21st century to designate such practices in urbanism, referring generally to temporary, informal and somewhat contentious urban interventions in official practices and contemporary cities. However, the theoretical, artistic and political references of the practitioners of Tactical Urbanism refer to a much broader and complex role of practices that are often presented as an alternative to the Neoliberal Urbanism, currently hegemonic in the production of cities. However, there is still a certain theoretical and methodological gap regarding the tactical movements of urban production, which make it difficult to understand their capabilities and analyze their effects. In this sense, this research tried to construct a conceptual panorama on the Tactical Urbanism, exemplified with several practitioners and practices, sometimes called as such, sometimes indifferent to the term but within it. For this, a Taxonomy of Tactical Urbanism was elaborated, which brings eleven categories of analysis, elaborated in eighty-four subcategories, with the purpose of providing a reading for such practices and facilitating the articulation between their ideas, agents and objectives. For the elaboration of the Taxonomy, forty practices were charted and cataloged, exemplifying the various narratives that compose the discourse of urban tactics, representative of the work of great exponents of this discourse and also of the urban realities of the five continents. The Taxonomy is available on online platform, which allows the processing of complex data and collaborative data feeding. In this study, we demonstrate several ways of using the Taxonomy of Tactical Urbanism, among them, the triangulation between specific categories with the objective of verifying how Tactical Urbanism contributes in the fight for the right to the city, in the constitution of urban commons and in the confrontation with Neoliberal Urbanism. This articulation allowed us to conclude that the tactical self-denominated practices, closer to what was popularized with the label of Tactical Urbanism, present generally fragile arrangements as alternative possibilities to the neoliberal city, while the practices that are better able to promote the right to the city and to experience the constitution of commons, are those that take the tactic beyond the tactic, combining it in strategic movements, more aligned with the traditional struggles for urban justice. Such a conclusion reveals the need for critical thinking to better subsidize such actions, helping to circumvent the pitfalls and enhance the capacities of collaboration, participation and empowerment of multitude, which Tactical Urbanism can bring as contributions to the construction of more just cities. / As cidades são formadas por um conjunto de práticas oficiais sustentadas por suas instituições normativas e, também, por práticas não oficiais, que escapam às normas e que trazem outras possibilidades, outras urgências. O termo Urbanismo Tático passou a ser utilizado na primeira década do Século XXI para designar tais práticas em urbanismo, referindo-se, geralmente, a intervenções urbanas temporárias, informais e de certa forma contestadoras às práticas oficiais e às cidades contemporâneas. Porém, as referências teóricas, artísticas e políticas dos praticantes do Urbanismo Tático remetem a um rol muito mais amplo e complexo de práticas que se colocam, frequentemente, como alternativa ao Urbanismo Neoliberal, atualmente hegemônico na produção das cidades. No entanto, há ainda um certo vazio teórico e metodológico no que diz respeito aos movimentos táticos da produção urbana, que dificultam compreender suas capacidades e analisar seus efeitos. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa buscou construir um panorama conceitual sobre o Urbanismo Tático, exemplificado com diversos praticantes e práticas, ora autodenominadas como tal, ora indiferentes ao termo mas enquadráveis a ele. Para tanto, foi elaborada uma Taxonomia do Urbanismo Tático, que traz onze categorias de análise, esmiuçadas em oitenta e quatro subcategorias, com o objetivo de fornecer uma leitura para tais práticas e facilitar a articulação entre suas ideias, seus agentes e objetivos. Para a elaboração da Taxonomia foram cartografadas e catalogadas quarenta práticas, exemplificativas das várias narrativas que compõem o discurso das táticas urbanas, representativas do trabalho de grandes expoentes desse discurso e, também, das realidades urbanas dos cinco continentes. A Taxonomia encontra-se disponível em plataforma on line, que permite o tratamento de dados complexos e a alimentação colaborativa de dados. Neste estudo, são demonstradas várias formas de utilização da Taxonomia do Urbanismo Tático, dentre elas, a triangulação entre categorias específicas com o objetivo de verificar como o Urbanismo Tático contribui na luta pelo direito à cidade, na constituição de comuns urbanos e no enfrentamento ao Urbanismo Neoliberal. Tal articulação permitiu concluir que as práticas autodenominadas táticas, mais próximas daquilo que se popularizou com a etiqueta do Urbanismo Tático, apresentam arranjos geralmente frágeis como possibilidades alternativas à cidade neoliberal, enquanto as práticas que reúnem maiores condições de promoverem o direito à cidade e de experimentarem a constituição de comuns, são aquelas que levam a tática para além da tática, combinando-a em movimentos estratégicos, mais alinhados com as tradicionais lutas por justiça urbana. Tal conclusão revela a necessidade de o pensamento crítico melhor subsidiar tais ações, ajudando a contornar as ciladas e a potencializar as capacidades de colaboração, participação e empoderamento da multidão, que o Urbanismo Tático pode trazer como contribuições para a construção de cidades mais justas.

Essa dissertação se propõe a analisar os grupos ativistas, buscando entender de que maneira tem se dado sua atuação nos espaços públicos da cidade de São Paulo e como o poder público vem se articulando com esses novos atores sociais. Para isso, a pesquisa trata do surgimento e do desenvolvimento desses grupos, além de analisar as atuações de dois grupos ativistas: o coletivo Ocupe & Abrace, que luta pela preservação da Praça da Nascente, e o Organismo Parque Augusta, que reivindica a consolidação do Parque Augusta. Assim, o trabalho pretende trazer reflexões sobre o movimento ativista urbano e como ele pode contribuir para o debate sobre as cidades contemporâneas. Palavras- / This dissertation offers an analysis on activist groups and seeks to understand how they act in public spaces of the city of São Paulo and how the authorities are engaging with these new social actors. For this, the research traces the emergence and development of these groups and analyzes two current activist groups: the \"Ocupe & Abrace\" (occupy and embrace), who fights for the preservation of the Nascente Square, and the \"Organismo Parque Augusta\" (Park Augusta Organism), who defends the full recognition of the Augusta Park. Hence, the essay reflects over the urban activist movement and how it can contribute to the debate on contemporary cities.

En av huvudmålen med arbetet var att få ökad förståelse för hur medborgarnas makt och inflytande utvecklats historiskt inom stadsplanering. Jag var även intresserad av arkitektens roll i denna process. Jag ville som arkitekt, med stadsplanering som huvudfokus, hitta intressanta vägar att arbeta med medborgare och medborgargrupper och att förstå hur ett reellt lokalt inflytande kan ta form. Därför har jag försökt titta på relationer mellan medborgare, arkitekter, planerare, organisationer och kommun/stat. Jag drevs av en övertygelse att jag lättare kommer att finna argument för mina ”sociala ambitioner” som arkitekt om jag förstår de historiska processerna bakom medborgardeltagandet i både Sverige och ur ett internationellt perspektiv. Jag har undersökt olika historiska och nutida exempel från Sverige, Storbritannien och USA och försökt förstå vad och hur olika idéer hänger samman över tid och mellan länder. Anledningen till att jag valde Storbritannien och USA är att de har producerat flera betydelsefulla grupper och organisationer som just arbetar med medborgarinflytande och medborgarmakt. Examensarbetet presenterades som en utställning som består av- förutom en stor mängd informativt och illustrativt material kring ovannämnd tematik- en vagn och två filmer som jag själv producerat, regisserat och klippt. Filmerna skildrar Alternativ Stad respektive Stadsdelsrådet i Hökarängen. Vagnen är ”en nomadisk installation” som kan ta olika utformningar, stor eller liten, kort eller lång och som kan knytas till flera platser och möjligtvis även delta i en större utställning under temat medborgarmakt och stadsplanering. Som fysisk form är det potentiellt ett mobilt mötesrum, ett utställningsrum, en utställning, ett arkiv, ett bibliotek, en mobil forskningsenhet, en utbildningsenhet, en mobil institution, ett föreläsningsrum samt ett verktyg för urban pedagogik. / One of the main goals of my thesis was to gain further understanding of how citizens' power and influence developed historically in planning. I was also interested in the role of the architect in this process. I wanted as an architect, with urban planning as main interest, to find interesting ways to work with citizens and citizen groups and to understand how real local influence can take shape. Therefore I have tried to look at relationships between citizens, architects, planners, NGOs and local government/state. I was driven by a belief that I will more easily find arguments for my “social ambitions” if I understand the historical processes of citizen participation in both Sweden and abroad. I have examined various historical and contemporary examples from Sweden, the UK and the USA and I have tried to understand what and how different ideas are linked over time and between countries. The reason I chose the UK and the USA is that they have produced several important groups and organizations currently working with citizen participation and citizen power. The thesis was presented as an exhibition containing- besides a large amount of informative and illustrative material relating to the above thematics- a wagon and two films that I produced, directed and edited. The films portray the activist group Alternativ Stad and the association Stadsdelsrådet from Hökarängen (a Stockholm suburb). The wagon is "a nomadic installation" that can take various forms, big or small, short or long, which can be linked to multiple locations and possibly even participate in a major exhibition on the theme of citizen power and urban planning. As a physical form, it is potentially a mobile meeting room, an exhibition space, an exhibition, an archive, a library, a mobile research unit, a training unit, a mobile institution, a lecture hall and a tool for urban pedagogy.