This paper is exploring return migration in Sweden by implementing logistic regression technics on the cohort born 1978. In order to evaluate how socio-economic and geographical characteristics influence individuals propensities to re-circulate to the municipality of origin. Previous studies have indicated that socio-economic status is a selective trait that can either push or pull return migrants, depending on the setting. The theory of urban hierarchies was also applied to investigate if people were more likely to move back to certain region types. The calculations showed that 22 % of the movers had returned to their place of origin, with regional variations ranging from 18-30 %. The regression result revealed that a high socio-economic status decreased the likelihood of returning, while growing up in metropolitan city and having strong social capital in the place of origin increased the propensity. The findings were further supporting that movers have higher incomes than stayers, while return migrants gained less on their re-location in relation to all movers. I argue that these varying likelihoods depend on structural socio-economic divisions, which are pulling human capital to the metropolitan regions and causing a brain drain in the periphery. These population trends are replicating themselves over time and it is assumed that these processes are to enforce the regional disparities in the future.

No description available.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-12T18:16:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigosiqueirarodriguez.pdf: 3265396 bytes, checksum: 88d53b73a44e3ee51282e3e4905480a1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:30:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigosiqueirarodriguez.pdf: 3265396 bytes, checksum: 88d53b73a44e3ee51282e3e4905480a1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigosiqueirarodriguez.pdf: 3265396 bytes, checksum: 88d53b73a44e3ee51282e3e4905480a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo a aplicação empírica de medidas de hierarquia urbana (Lei de Zipf) no mapeamento da distribuição das invenções brasileiras, identificadas a partir dos depósitos de patentes. Para isso, utilizam-se informações fornecidas pela BADEPI/INPI para análise de dados de patentes, no período 2000-2011. A análise é direcionada primeiramente a partir do conceito de domínios e subdomínios tecnológicos, com objetivo de caracterizar as diferenças regionais específicas de cada atividade tecnológica. Posteriormente, utiliza-se do conceito de escala urbana para verificar os efeitos da urbanização sobre as invenções nas regiões brasileiras. Os resultados sugerem padrões de distribuição distintos entre as tecnologias no Brasil, além de confirmarem a importância das economias urbanas em gerarem retornos crescentes à escala na atividade inventiva no Brasil. / This thesis aims an empirical application of urban hierarchy measures (Zipf's law) in mapping the distribution of Brazilian inventions, identified from the patent applications. For this, it uses patent application data provided by Brazilian Patent Office (INPI) over the period 2000-2011. The analysis is primarily directed from the concept of technological domains and subdomains, in order to characterize the specific regional differences of each technological activity. Later, we use the concept of urban scale to check the effects of urbanization on inventions in the Brazilian regions. The results suggest different distribution patterns among technologies in Brazil, in addition to confirming the importance of urban economies on generation of increasing returns to scale in inventive activity in Brazil.

Cette thèse propose d’étudier l’évolution des hiérarchies des villes et de la croissance urbaine en s’appuyant sur le cas du Maroc. Le Maroc a connu ces dernières décennies un processus d’urbanisation soutenu, tant dans les grandes villes que dans les petites et moyennes villes. D’où la nécessité de procéder à une structuration démographique urbaine primatiale qui exige une coordination entre certaines politiques économiques nationales et les politiques d’aménagement menées par les grandes métropoles afin de faire preuve d’une réelle efficacité. Une politique d’aménagement résolument tournée jusqu’ici vers la gestion de la pression urbaine dans les grandes métropoles. Ce qui a conduit par conséquent à une polarisation des activités dans quelques régions du territoire. Ainsi, cette thèse se structure autour de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre examine la loi rang-taille et l’apport des économistes et des géographes dans ce processus. Le second chapitre analyse les trois approches théoriques qui traitent la question de la croissance urbaine notamment les théories de la croissance aléatoire, de la croissance déterministe et l’intersection de ces deux approches dites d’hybrides. Enfin, le dernier chapitre est basé sur une étude empirique à l’échelle régionale afin de recenser les déterminants de la croissance urbaine des régions marocaine. Le travail engagé dans cette thèse s’appuie sur des bases de données originales fournies par le Haut-Commissariat au Plan permettant de recenser la taille des agglomérations marocaines et utilise un ensemble d’instruments statistiques et économétriques. Les différents résultats obtenus s’inscrivent dans le prolongement de différentes études effectuées en sciences régionales. Ces résultats indiquent que les hiérarchies urbaines marocaines sont appelées à changer dans les décennies à venir, mais également que la croissance économique des régions du Maroc n’affecte pas immédiatement la croissance de la population urbaine. / This thesis proposes to study the evolution of city hierarchies and urban growth based on the case of Morocco. This country has experienced in recent decades a sustained urbanization process, both in large cities and small and medium-sized cities. Hence the need to proceed to a primatial urban demographic structure that requires coordination between certain national economic policies and planning policies carried out by major cities to be truly effective. A development policy resolutely turned so far towards the management of urban pressure in major cities. This led to a polarization of activities in some regions of the territory. Thus, this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter examines the rank-size law and the contribution of economists and geographers in this process. The second chapter analyzes the three theoretical approaches that deal with the issue of urban growth, in particular theories of random growth, deterministic growth and the intersection of these two approaches, called hybrid. Finally, the last chapter is based on an empirical study at the regional level to identify the determinants of urban growth in Moroccan regions. The work undertaken in this thesis is based on original databases provided by the Office of the “Haut-Commissariat au Plan” to identify the size of Moroccan agglomerations and uses a set of statistical and econometric instruments. The various results obtained are a continuation of various studies carried out in regional sciences. These results indicate that Moroccan urban hierarchies are destined to change in the decades to come, but also that the economic growth of the regions of Morocco does not immediately affect the growth of the urban population.

Submitted by PRISCILA ESTEVAM ENGEL null (pri-engel@hotmail.com) on 2016-01-25T15:21:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ENGEL_PRISCILA ESTEVAM_DISSERTAÇÃO FINALIZADA.pdf: 15913259 bytes, checksum: 81d32c427f449b3c569b96112b10112a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-01-25T17:15:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 engel_pe_me_prud.pdf: 15913259 bytes, checksum: 81d32c427f449b3c569b96112b10112a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:15:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 engel_pe_me_prud.pdf: 15913259 bytes, checksum: 81d32c427f449b3c569b96112b10112a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As cidades médias têm sido objeto de recentes estudos devido a novas funcionalidades e papéis crescentes na rede urbana brasileira. Como nós da rede urbana, a compreensão da articulação entre cidades médias e centros urbanos de sua hinterlândia é de extrema importância, visto que o mercado consumidor das cidades médias analisadas é, em parte, constituído pela população do seu entorno. Preocupa-nos, também, compreender a centralidade a partir dos fluxos gerados pela oportunidade e/ou necessidade de consumo de bens e serviços advindas também de outras escalas. Em nossa pesquisa escolhemos Presidente Prudente-SP e São José do Rio Preto-SP pela importância econômica e comercial que elas possuem no contexto regional onde estão inseridas, atraindo novos empreendimentos como os shopping centers. Surge daí a necessidade de se considerar novos elementos à problematização da circulação, pois estes espaços de consumo influenciam de maneira notável os deslocamentos dos consumidores. Assim, este trabalho visa analisar a centralidade a partir dos deslocamentos com finalidade para o consumo em shopping centers, contribuindo para o entendimento de como esse fenômeno se dá em cidades médias que são referência regional num contexto de cidades de menor centralidade e porte, componentes das regiões administrativas de Presidente Prudente e São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo. A partir da análise dos seis shopping centers presentes nessas cidades médias, pudemos concluir que tais espaços de consumo se aproveitam da centralidade interurbana pré-existente, ao mesmo tempo que a potencializam. / Medium cities have been the subject of recent studies due to new features and growing roles in Brazilian urban network. As a node of the urban network, understanding the links between medium cities and towns of its hinterland it is of utmost importance, since the consumer market of medium-sized cities analyzed is partly constituted by its surrounding population. Also, we are concerned about understanding the centrality from the flows generated by the opportunity and/or need for consumer goods and services arising from other scales. In our research we chose Presidente Prudente-SP and São José do Rio PretoSP by the economic and commercial importance they have in the regional context in which they insert, attracting new enterprises such as shopping malls. There arises the need to consider new elements to the questioning of circulation, because these consumption spaces influence notably shifts consumer. This work aims to analyze the centrality from shifts with the purpose for consumption in shopping malls, contributing to the understanding of how this phenomenon occurs in medium cities that are regional reference in a smaller sized and centrality cities context, components of administrative regions of Presidente Prudente and São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo State. From the analysis of its 6 shopping malls in those medium cities, we concluded that such consumption spaces take advantage of pre-existing inter-urban centrality, while the leverage.

Orientador: Márcio José Catelan / Resumo: No mundo contemporâneo as mudanças no âmbito socioespacial decorrem de articulações complexas. Avistando este contexto, este trabalho que tem como orientação teórico-metodológica as interações espaciais interescalares advindos dos efeitos do processo de Globalização, um dos processos que mais afeta e orienta o modo como a produção das cidades e da rede tem se dado. Estas mudanças atuam na redefinição dos papéis e funções urbanas das cidades articuladas em redes, daí analisarmos as redes e as centralidades que se formam em Marília no âmbito desta perspectiva. Nosso foco se dá a partir de três setores: os serviços de saúde, as indústrias de alimentos de consumo final e as Instituições de Ensino Superior. Esses setores estruturam as redes hierárquicas e heterárquicas de Marília, complexificando o modo que a cidade se insere no sistema urbano e sua atuação escalar se amplia em qualidade e quantidade. Para isto no dedicamos a dados secundários que reunimos a fim de compreender como estes três setores foram sendo articulados por meio de relações interescalares redefinindo a Marília como uma cidade média. / Mestre

With an increasing rate of urbanisation in East Africa, and with the highest prevalence rate of undernourished population than any region in the developing world, the issue of food access insecurity in urban areas has received considerable attention. While there are noticeable differences between big, medium- and small-sized towns, the variation in the household’s response to food access insecurity across urban hierarchies remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the social, economic and demographic factors in coping with food access insecurity among households in urban slum areas of Ethiopia. The study used both secondary and primary data sources. The national surveys of household consumption and expenditure survey and welfare monitoring surveys of 2004/5, 2010/11, and 2015/16 was used to analyse the food security situation in Ethiopia across time and urban hierarchies. Primary data of 500 households and three focus group discussions were conducted from slum areas of Addis Ababa, Hawassa, and Sheki representing a big city, medium- and small-sized town, respectively. The household survey data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis and a standard regression model to investigate the relationship between factors such as household structure and composition, economic resources, social protection programmes and projects, and urban-rural linkages with coping with food access insecurity across urban hierarchies. A global model and three site-specific regression models were constructed. Descriptive results from both the primary and the secondary data sources have revealed that the proportion of the households affected by food shortage varies across the urban hierarchy that food insecurity was highest in the small-sized town as compared with the medium-sized town and the big city. The quality of food consumed was consistently low among female-headed households regardless of their socio-economic characteristics when compared with male-headed households. The result of the regression analysis for the global model has shown that economic resources (asset and source of income) predict nearly half of the variability in coping with food access insecurity. Household structure and composition such as gender and education of the head of the household, family structure (nuclear/extended), and the ratio of young children in the household predict a quarter of the variability in coping. Social protection programs and services predict one-tenth; the remaining variability in coping is explained by the combined effect of all the factors involved. The significance of these factors in predicting coping with food access insecurity, however, varies across the urban hierarchies. The contribution of economic factors in predicting coping is the highest at the big city (Addis Ababa); household structure and composition took the leading role in predicting coping at the small-sized town (Sheki); the significant factors in predicting coping at the mediumsized town (Hawassa) was the combined effect of all the factors involved. Household characteristics such as female headship, a higher ratio of young children, low education of the household head, lack of access to the financial loan, asset and income poverty, and weak linkages with kin structure at rural areas increase vulnerability to food insecurity and put households under stress to cope with food access insecurity. The study results show that the traditional urban-rural dichotomy may not suffice to portray the degree of food insecurity, as well as the mechanisms how food insecure households strive to cope with food access insecurity, which varies across the continuum of urban hierarchies. Those who wish to support food insecurity challenges need to be sensitive to the variability of factors in coping with food access insecurity across urban hierarchies. During policy, design and program implementation policymakers and international partners need to consider that the needs and coping mechanisms of urban households vary across urban hierarchies besides the other social, economic and demographic variables. / Development Studies / Ph. D. (Development Studies)