The sagebrush swift, Sceloporus graciosus graciosus, is abundant in the transitional zone of the Great Basin. As an intermediate link the the food chain, sagebrush swifts are preyed upon by snakes and hawks, and in turn are predators of small arthropods.

Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolfi 1819), (Diplostomidae) the fish eye fluke which causes the disease diplostomatosis, was reported in Utah by the Division of Wildlife Resources in 1974. Previous to this date diplostomatosis was suspected to occur in three reservoirs in the state. Diplostomatosis, whi.ch is due to the presence of the metacercarial stage of this parasite, causes cataracts of the lens. The incidence of the disease in Utah has generated public and academic concern.

One of the more interesting and unique of the natural habitats in the state of Utah is its chaparral zone, extending along the western foothills of the Wasatch Range. The purpose of this study has been to make an analysis of the bird population of this region in order to determine the comparative abundance of the species, their seasonal distribution within the area, and their ecological preferences.

The retail feed industry has grown continually in importance during the past 60 years. Increased population has placed ever greater demands upon food production to feed our nation's people. During 1968, the average American consumed 80 pounds of beef, 63 pounds of pork, 8 pounds of veal, 4 pounds of lamb, 26 pounds of chicken, and 11 pounds of lard. This amounted to an annual per capita consumption of 188 pounds of red meat. With 173 million people to feed, vast quantities of livestock must be produced, finished, and marketed to satisfy our nation's needs.

Immediately following the 1971 upland game season a questionnaire booklet was mailed to 2076 Utah farmers and ranchers (landholders) in five southern and six northern counties. Approximately 50 percent were returned containing usable Information. Five categories of hunter access restriction were considered: 1) fee systems, 2) leases to private clubs, 3) pheasant hunting units, 4) posting ''Hunting by Permission Only," and 5) posting "No Hunting" or "No Trespassing. " Restriction of hunter access to private property occurred twice as frequently in northern counties as in southern counties. Nearly six of every ten northern landholders had an active hunter restriction program. Sixteen demographic and attitude variables were compared with landholder restriction practices. Ten variables were significantly related to landholder restriction practice at the 90 percent level or higher. These relationships suggest the landholder's prime motivation for restricting hunter access was his desire to protect his investment in buildings, equipment, livestock or crops. Restriction practices compared between northern and southern landholders showed that stringent hunter restrictions resulted from concentrated hunter activity characteristic of densely populated, industrialized areas. Landholders, invited to suggest alternate conditions under which bunters could gain access to restricted land, pointed out that the single most important condition was for the hunter to request permission from the landholder to hunt. Approximately 88 percent of northern and 91 percent of southern landholders favored the concept of hunting. A Likert five-point Attitude Index, used to· assess landholders' attitudes toward hunting, showed landholders in northern industrial counties (Salt Lake, Utah, Weber) scored 39. 9 of 55.0 possible points. Landholders in northern agricultural counties (Cache, Box Elder, Tooele) scored 40. 9 points . Southern landholders socred 41. 0 points. Students T-tests between landholder categories (HILl = u 2 and a= 0. 05) revealed no significant differences. There was no significant relationship between a landholder's attitude score and his hunter restriction policy. Attitude toward hunting was important in determining by what methods landholders restricted hunter access. Landholders with low attitude scores (unfavorable or undecided) tended to post "No Hunting" or "No Trespassing." Those with favorable attitudes tended to use the "Hunt by Permission Only" restriction.

Problem: The problem of this study was to: (1) identify those laws, court decisions, legal opinions of the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Utah, the legal opinions and policies of the Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Utah, trends and extra legal practices of local school boards in the State of Utah with respect to teaching personnel, (2) organize such data into topical categories in terms of subject matter , and (3) develop some suggested guidelines and recommendations for local school board policies and legislative enactments in the State of Utah. Summary: A portion of the summary was as follow s: (l) The Office of the State Board of Education in Utah has the sole power to issue teaching certificates and may revoke them for immoral or unprofessional conduct. (2) Local school boards may require additional qualifications of certificated teachers such as areas of training, experience, and health. (3) Written contracts may be entered into with teachers for terms not to exceed five years, providing that they may be terminated for cause at any time. (4) It is not unlawful to employ a certificated teacher who is closely related to a school board member. (S) Utah has no teacher tenure laws, but local school boards may provide for tenure, continuing contracts, and orderly dismissal procedures for teachers through district policy. (6) Local school boards are financially liable for the full term of a teacher' s salary. (7) Local school boards may either insure in the state insurance fund or pay compensation directly to a teacher injured on the job. (8) Immunity from legal suit of local school boards has been waived for certain of their own acts and negligent acts of teachers when performing in their official capacity. (9) Local school boards may insure teachers against individual liability if they are judged negligent in the performance of their duties. Major recommendations: The Utah Legislature should: (1) delete outdated and obsolete statutes pertaining to teaching personnel from the Utah Code Annotated, (2) pass a Professional Negotiation and Tenure Law for teachers, and (3) make it mandatory that local school boards purchase liability insurance for the protection of teachers. The Utah State Board of Education should: (l) withhold State Uniform School Funds from local school boards who continue to employ non-authorized, non -certificated teachers, (2) require a financial penalty of teachers who break their contracts illegally with local school boards, and (3) prohibit local school board members from originally appointing their close relatives as teachers. The Utah School Boards Association should increase its leader ship role with local school boards in such areas as legislation, negotiations, general school operation, and inservice training for newly elected school board members. Additional areas of study suggested by this research were: (1) District court cases in Utah with respect to teaching personnel which have not been taken to the Appellate Courts, (2) Updating of the Utah Code Annotated in all respects in those statutes involving schools, and (3) Reasons why some local school boards in Utah operate extra legally.

Oral interviews were conducted in Cache Valley pertaining to the goods and services performed by the itinerant peddler as compared with peddling in the continental United States. Having a large inland lake such as Bear Lake brought about the peddling of fish, similar to that done on the seaboard. The availability of goods and services rendered by the itinerant in Utah was similar to the goods and services obtainable from earlier United States peddlers .

In 1959 there were 49,006 acres of corn grown in the state of Utah. Included in this were 4,232 acres of grain corn, 38,770 acres of silage corn , and 4,470 acres of sweet corn. The remaining acres of corn were used for pasture, cut as fodder, or any miscellaneous use.

The range sheep industry , economically important to Utah and to the United States , produces needed food and fiber from much of the less productive land. Improved management will depend on more knowledge of the range ecosystem . Research to determine the time spent by sheep in activities of differing energy demands and to determine what factors affect sheep activity was completed on Utah ranges. The research was conducted in central Utah on foothill range near Eureka and on mountain range near Scofield. Rambouillet sheep were loosely herded on the s agebrush-aspen areas on mountain range and were unherded on foothill range where they were assigned to 14 pastures. Activities on foothill range were studied in May and June at two grazing intensities on three species of seeded wheatgrasses and on native sagebrush-juniper range. Feeding , standing ruminating, standing idle, lying ruminating, lying idle , and traveling were recorded as all-inclusive activities by observing the behavior of four randomly selected sheep from among marked ewes at 90 instantaneous scans at 10-minute intervals from 0500 to 1950 hours on each of 28 days at each location . Hourly readings were made on the degree of cloudiness , wind movement, ambient temperature, and relative humidity. Data we re analyzed to determine components of varian c e and to evaluate effect s of month, grazing intensity, and kind of forage. Each activity was regressed on environment l factors in a stepwise-deletion multiple regression procedure. Sheep daily repeated a bimodal routine of early morning feeding followed by midday ruminating and resting which lasted until late afternoon, followed by feeding again before bedding down at nightfall on high ground. On mountain range the morning and afternoon feeding periods were of similar length, but on foothill range the sheep began feeding ear lier in the afternoon and thus fed longer in the afternoon than during the morning hours. Sheep were highly synchronous in their choice of activity. Sheep spent more time feeding on seeded foo thill range than on either native foothill or mountain range . Conversely , they spent more time lying ruminating and standing idle during the daylight hours studied on mountain and on native foothill range . Traveling time was greater on mountain than on foothill range , but the horizontal distances traveled were the same at both locations. Sheep spent more time lying idle on native foothill range than on seeded pastures . At the spring foothill location the sheep also spent more time standing idle and traveling in May than in June. No differences were noted in any activities between intensities of grazing. The daily feeding time of sheep responded positively to average daily temperature. Both lying ruminating and lying idle showed positive regressions on relative humidity . Traveling and standing idle were negatively related to mean daily temperature , which varied only within a narrow temperate range and averaged 20 C during the two periods of study. Sheep activities necessary to the animal on a daily basis were little affected by small changes in the range environment. Feeding time was proportional to the estimated energy expenditure for maintenance, activity, and production at each location.

Potassium is one of the essential plant nutrient elements. It is used by plants in the synthesis and distribution of carbohydrates (25)2 and in the formation of proteins and oils. Potassium also seems to exert many of its effects by influencing enzymatic activity in cells. Potassium occurs as the monovalent cation on plant cells and undoubtedly exerts important effects upon such phnomona as the permiability of the cytoplasmic membranes and hydration of protoplasma. Plants assimilate potassium either from the soil solution or directly from the exchange complex.