The genetic relationship between a Vertisol and an associated Mollisol with an argillic horizon was studied. These soils are taxadjuncts of the Hawkins and Ostler series, respectively. They occur in the Wasatch Mountains of northern Utah and have similar parent materials, altitudes, and slope percentages. Ostler soils have a dense cover of Gambel oak (Quercus gambelii) and occur preferentially on north aspects. Mule's ear (Wyethia amplexicaulis) is the dominant vegetation on Hawkins soils, which are most frequent on south aspects. Erosion is prevalent on Hawkins soils because the mule's ear does not adequately cover the soil surface during the fall, winter, and early spring. The dense oak woods and the litter cover on the Ostler soil protect it from erosion. Both soils dried sufficiently for cracks to develop in their clayey portions. The Ostler soil was drier, probably because it has more and longer transpiring vegetation than the Hawkins soil. The Ostler subsoil and the Hawkins solum both had cracks, slickensides, high clay contents, high COLE values, and smectite as the dominant clay mineral. These characteristics of high shrink-swell activity were most strongly expressed in the Hawkins soil. The Ostler subsoil clay was overlain abruptly by loam surface soil. The textural difference was attributed to lessivage, eolian contributions mixed with preexisting surface soil by soil animals, and in situ clay formation in the subsoil. Eolian additions were inferred from the presence of easily weathered silt and clay-size minerals in the Ostler A horizons and within the zone of mixing in the Hawkins soil. These minerals were not present or were less abundant in the Ostler subsoil and in the Hawkins C horizon. The formation of Hawkins soils (Vertisols) probably resulted from erosional exposure of the clay subsoil of Ostler soils or their precursors.

Sugar has been an important commodity down through the ages. In the present day world, there is hardly any corner of the world where sugar is not consumed in one form or another.

Vegetation structure of sites used by ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) hens with brood, solitary grouse, drumming males, and nesting hens in northern Utah was measured in 1979 and 1980 . Univariate statistical techniques were used to determine general habitat characteristics of each group and discriminant function analysis was applied to the data to differentiate among groups. Most nests were located in maple stands (Acer grandidentatum and A. negundo) with dense tree canopies, low shrubs, and sparse ground vegetation. Drumming logs were most commonly found in densely stocked stands of aspen (Populus tremuloides) mixed with maple or chokecherry (Prunus virginiana) having a well-developed shrub layer and good horizontal visibility. The most important component of habitat used by solitary grouse was the dense shrub layer that apparently provided protection from precipitation, extreme temperatures, and predators. Hens with brood were commonly associated with aspen and mixed aspen stands which had open canopies, sparse shrub growth, and tall ground cover. Near the end of July, hens with brood began using habitat similar to that used by solitary grouse. The degree of horizontal visibility best separated habitat used by hens with brood and solitary grouse from the more open habitat associated with drumming logs and nest sites. Open tree canopy cover and tall shrubs best differentiated between habitat used by hens with brood from that used by solitary grouse. In general, many structural characteristics of habitat used by ruffed grouse in northern Utah appear similar to those reported in other areas of the species' range . Management strategies for use here should, however, be developed for small "islands" of habitat and emphasize enhancing structural and species diversity by planning for mixed aspen stands with a well-developed shrub layer.

The ecology, life history, and population dynamics of the sagebrush defoliator, Aroga websteri Clarke, were studied in the field and laboratory. The defoliator has one generation a year at the Curlew Valley site. It overwintered in the egg stage and passed through five larval instars. Ten parasite species attacked the defoliator at the study site . Four species, Orgilus ferus, Phaeogenes sp., Spilochalcis leptis, and Apanteles cacoeciae, contributed over 75 percent of the total incidence of parasitism. Parasitism ranged from 20 to 76 percent in 1971, but only ranged from 6 to 29 percent in 1972. This decrease in total parasitism in 1972 coincided with a five-fold increase in the defoliator population. In 1972, many mature larvae died as a result of food shortage. A microsporidian infection and a predaceous beetle also caused variable mortality during the two years. Methods for determining defoliation to sagebrush plants were also studied in the field. The consumption and utilization of food by the fourth and fifth larval instars were determined. The fecundity, rate of development, and behavior of the insect were also investigated under laboratory conditions. Partial life tables were constructed from the findings of 1971 and 1972 to assess the r ole of various mortality factors in regulating the sagebrush defoliator numbers.

In the evening of January 13, 1941, Herbert B. Maw, who was then beginning his first term as Governor of the state of Utah, addressed his first legislative message to a joint session of the 1941 Utah Legislature from the rostrum of the chamber of the House of Representatives. An overwhelming amount of the Governor's message was devoted to a multifaceted topic, the reorganization of Utah's state administration. After extensively deploring state structural and political organization as it existed at that time, Governor Maw declared: The plan which I shall now propose is a product of the recommendations of the Committee of Nine created by the 1935 Legislature, the reorganization structure plans of several other states, and the recommendations of authorities in the field of political science.

Research for this thesis drew on the network of Deaf Mormon wards/branches, newspapers, magazines, books, unpublished documents, personal collections, and oral interviews to illustrate the religious activities engaged in by deaf Latter-day Saints at the national and local levels during the mid and late twentieth century America. The study focused on the theological perspectives, church participation, and personal experiences of deaf Mormons with a special focus on the accommodations the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day ·Saints has for the deaf populace. This special attention was used to examine and demonstrate the influence and attractions the Mormon religion has for deaf people, who share similar cultural background and use the same language, distinct from the hearing world. Deaf Mormons' church experiences mirrored those of deaf non-Mormons. However, the Deaf culture itself surfaced as a distinct religious component for Mormons with hearing loss. Deaf Mormons both mesh with the general LDS religion and maintain their own separate sense of community. Data gathered through interviews was preserved in a videotape collection. These videotapes were then transcribed and analyzed for both patterns of information and individual points of view.

Th is study was limited to 165 farmers involved in various segments of production agriculture in the state of Utah. County agents and vocational agriculture teachers in each county nominated these farmers as candidates according to their respective farming operations. The following six defined areas of production agriculture were used as selection criteria to insure equal input in the study: Beef, Dairy, Swine , Sheep, Poultry, and Crops. All farmers were surveyed by means of persona l interviews conducted by either county agents or vocational agriculture instructors in their respective counties. The surveying instrument used was developed through a thorough review of the National Agricultural Competency Study list of skill quest ions. Farmers were asked to rank on a likert-type scale, the importance each skill had on their operation. Farmers· were also asked to reply yes or no to whether or not they needed additional training in each skill area. Eleven categories of competencies were-used in the study in an attempt to highlight all areas of production agriculture. Data were compiled and a Burroughs 6700 computer was utilized for program evaluation to find means, rankings, ranges, and frequencies. A review of the study revealed that: 1. Over one- third of all farmers surveyed terminated their formal education after high school . This places a great deal of emphasis on high school agriculture curriculum as well as adult education programs. 2. Many areas of production agriculture have overlapping areas of skills and competencies. 3. There is a commonality of competencies needed by all those entering the production agriculture industry. 4. Areas of anima l health, equipment maintenance, soil preparation, and planting as well as legal practices and safety precautions, all placed very high in ranks of importance throughout the study. 5. Most employment figures are projected to remain relatively constant with a 10% or less fluctuation projected over a five-year period. The only exception is that of part-time non-family employees which shows a decrease of 18%. 6. One-hundred-ten of the one-hundred- fourteen competencies surveyed in the study were considered to be of some importance to the agriculture industry.

Logan, Utah has a number of organizational and procedural problems, as do many other American cities. This study was initiated with the hope that some system could be ascertained that would solve or alleviate most of these problems. The history and development of the City Manager Plan of Government was researched thoroughly and a number of cities with the plan in operation in whole, or in part, were studied. The conclusion was that Logan, Utah would substantially improve the efficiency of its operations as a whole if it adopted the City Manager Plan. This thesis is of the advocacy type, as the author was convinced early in the study that Logan could resolve many of its problems and gain stature among cities by assuming a more business-like stance in the business end of its operations.

Rocks of Late Cretaceous age in the central part of Utah are dominantly elastic. In general, the sediments in the west are of conglomerate and sandstone of continental origin; the sediments in the east are of sandstone and shale of marine origin, These rocks were deposited at or near the western shore of a sea which extended from the Arctic to the Gulf of Mexico. The strand line lay in a general northern direction through Utah with land to the west and marine water to the east.

The purpose of the study was to determine the present status and the potential for future organization of business youth organizations in Utah high schools. Questionnaires were mailed to Utah high school business teachers and to Utah high school principals. Sixty-six per cent of the responding teachers bad never served as a business youth club sponsor; and 69 per cent of the teachers had never belonged to a business youth organization in high school or in college. Fifty-one per cent of the teachers expressed an interest in attending a regional meeting to discuss the organization of additional business youth organizations. Fifty-four per cent of the teachers expressed an interest in serving as sponsors for business youth cubs. Forty-three per cent of the teachers expressed a complete lack of knowledge about how to organize a business youth club in their schools within the next two years. The high schools in Utah were found to be neutral in encouraging business youth organizations at the local, state, and national levels. Significant differences at the .05 level of significance were found between the opinions of high school business teachers and high school principals in regard to (1) the levels at which business youth organizations should be promoted; (2) what type of student should be allowed membership in business youth organizations; and (3) the holding of conventions for business youth organizations. No significant differences were found between the teachers and principals in regard to (1) the sponsoring of contests for business club members and (2) the importance of business youth organizations.