The purpose of this study was to gather data to answer the following: (1) Is shorthand used as an employment screening device when there is little expectation of the use of that shorthand skill; and if it is, what are the competencies which employers believe individuals possess if they have completed a shorthand course? (2) Are persons who have completed a course in a particular shorthand system (alphabetic, symbolic, or machine) as acceptable to employers for positions which require ability to take shorthand as persons who have taken a course in a different shorthand system; and if not, why are these individuals not acceptable? Procedures The businesses located in the state of Utah and listed in the 1978 Middle Market Directory and 1978 Million Dollar Directory constituted the accessible population. From a sample of ·275 businesses, 200 questionnaires, or 72.7 percent, were returned. There were 173 usable returns. Findings (1) There was no significant difference between the responses of employers who preferred or attempted to hire persons who had completed a course in shorthand and the responses of employers who saw no need to hire individuals who had completed a shorthand course when the employers were stratified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) or size. (2) When stratified by SIC, significant differences were found between the means of the eight levels of SIC for the competency statements grouped by Knowledges and Skills, Attitudes, and for the combined means on 46 competency statements. Fisher LSD tests were performed in order to determine which SIC's differed significantly for the eight levels of SIC. An item-by-item analysis of variance on each of 46 competency statements for the SIC treatment variable resulted in significant F ratios for six statements. (3) In those businesses where shorthand was used in performance of assigned tasks, over half of the respondents indicated they had no preference for the type of shorthand system in which their office employees had skill. When preference was stated, symbolic shorthand was most often preferred. Alphabetic shorthand was more widely acceptable than machine. (4) The null hypothesis that there were no significant differences between the weaknesses identified as being possessed by persons who had skill in alphabetic, symbolic, or machine shorthand when respondents were stratified by SIC or size was not rejected. Conclusions (1) Some respondents perceived completion of a shorthand course developed competencies other than the ability to take and transcribe shorthand. (2) Competencies perceived by some respondents as being developed in shorthand classes could have been developed in other courses. (3) Shorthand was used as an employment screening device by some respondents. (4) The nature of the business made a difference in the competencies perceived as being developed when completing a shorthand course. (5) Depending on the exposure to individuals with shorthand skill, employers evaluated differently those competencies which may be developed when a shorthand course has been completed. (6) Some respondents were not as much concerned with the actual shorthand system employed as they were with the competencies developed when a shorthand course has been completed. (7) Machine shorthand must have greater exposure in the business world in order to gain acceptance. (8) Since a limited number of persons use alphabetic or machine shorthand in offices, employers might not be able to compare shorthand systems; consequently, these employers required skill in that system which was most familiar. (9) Many persons who have not completed a course in shorthand but who have adequate entry-level skills for office work might not be hired for positions where shorthand is used as an employment screening device.

This study investigated different methods of teaching literature to identify those techniques that result in either apathy or motivation. It was found that traditional literature teaching methods do not result in student motivation for increased reading, Instances were cited in which an oral approach to literature teaching was effectively used to achieve the desired results of student motivation, interest, and comprehension. Oral interpretation as a tool for motivation was discussed. Both empirical studies in that field and reading authorities' opinions were examined to discover the unique contributions oral interpretation could offer to literature teaching. A specific recommendation for a way of using oral interpretation in schools was made, Oral interpretation specialists could be hired on a district or multi-district basis to perform in the literature classroom by appointment from the teacher, This solution would unburden the teacher from the performance responsibility to a great degree. Reactions of Utah district superintendents and multi-center directors to this recommendation were surveyed and analyzed in percentages. A positive reception to the recommendation was shown by the questionnaires.

Apparent increases in sales and price of rural land, recent changes in land taxing procedure and proposed land-use legislation have brought forth a number of land questions among legislators, public officials and the general citizenry of Utah. This study is directed at questions pertaining to land purchases and land buyers in rural Utah counties. A random sample was taken of the land transfer cards on file at the Utah State Tax Commission. Land buyers whose names appeared on the transfer cards and the returned questionnaires were used in the analysis and are the sole basis of the conclusions of the study. General conclusions from the study were: Land-use at the time of the transaction was most frequently agricultural or vacant or idle for acreages and was most frequently nonagricultural for lots. Following the transaction there was a tendency on the part of buyers to change agricultural and vacant or idle land to a different land use. Buyer characteristics such as annual income, buyer age and residence varied among the regions of the state and were important factors in land transfers. About 50 percent of the total dollars spent for land parcels included in the sample went for residential land. Land located near city limits, improved or unimproved, averaged the highest price per acre or lot. The study's conclusions apply only to recorded land transfers on file at the Utah State Tax Commission for the years 1969 through 1971.

A Record of what people read is part of the social history of that people, a significant insight into their thinking and emotions. What people read in newspaper, magazines, books, and other printed material is important because in influences their attitudes and opinions. What they fail to read is also important, for persons with the most misconceptions and prejudices are usually the least well read

There has been recent concern regarding the regeneration and recruitment of aspen (Populus tremuloides) in the western United States. Forest management techniques have been employed in order to promote the regeneration and recruitment of aspen. We quantified aspen regeneration treatments in southern Utah, USA to better understand the factors driving aspen recruitment. Driving factors were identified by addressing two major research themes: (1) identify the primary ecological controls on aspen regeneration success; (2) assess the relative importance and influence of these controls on successful regeneration. Our definition of successful aspen regeneration requires the satisfaction of two criteria relating to height and density, respectively: (1) regeneration that has attained heights above the ungulate browsing threshold (e.g. >2m); and (2) regeneration that is occurring at a density that represents desired conditions for future stocking (e.g. ≥10,000 stems ha⁻¹). The primary ecological controls on regeneration success were identified using nonmetric multidimensional scaling, and Random Forests analysis was used to assess the relative importance and influence of regeneration controls. These analyses identified three primary factors that are responsible for regeneration success. These factors were (1) contemporary herbivory pressure, (2) site preparation technique, and (3) advance reproduction. Herbivory is the leading predictor of regeneration success, and has integral impacts on other primary regeneration drivers. We suggest considerations that can be made regarding regeneration drivers in order to enhance the effectiveness of aspen management in the future.

The application of the following criteria of success to the 134 classes in adult education held in Box Elder County, Utah during the four-year period, 1938-1942 inclusive: a. Enrollment, b. Attendance, C. Repetition of Courses, D. Number of people repeating courses, E. Effect of teacher type in terms of the preceding criteria. The Study involves 2454 different people are registered in the 134 courses, with a total enrollment of 3806 (including repetitions in registration). The data on the forms for enrollment and attendance have been tabulated and form the basis of this study.

The sweet cherry crop has always been the number one fruit crop in Utah until the last three or four years when it shifted to second place due to severe spring frosts. However, the outlook for its continued success is still very good. Even though there are drawbacks such as virus infestations, spring frosts, nutritional disorders, cracking, doubling, and bird injury, new plantings are being made each year in each of the important fruit producing counties. Utah is also important in the national production of sweet cherries and is presently sixth in the nation.

Before Brigham Young College was founded in 1877, a variety of schools existed in Utah. The Mormons at first, and later the Protestants and Catholics made significant contributions to education in the territory. Education has always played an important role in the philosophy of the Mormon church. In the early days of church history, the Mormons founded schools in the places they settled. This policy continued when they settled in Utah.

One of the most remarkable developments of the present age is the apparently large increase in the reading public. The vast output of reading materials being purchased would seem to be evidence that reading is playing an increasingly important part in the daily lives of most people. Magazines and other publications crowd our stores, our homes, our very tables; at first glance, one would think that reading matter usurps our attention, and that we have come to depend upon it. The modern reader glances at the label on a can to learn its contents and uses. He reads the weather forcast and dresses accordingly; he looks to the want-ads for a second-hand typewriter, an apartment, or a lost purse. If the world were suddently deprived of all printed material, it is probably that many people in the United States would find life exceedingly empty. That the eudcational world is coming to realized the fundamental importance of reading in the life of the individual citizen is shown by the increasing amount of attention which is being given the subject by scientific investigators. Interest in and a desire for knowledge concerning the reading habits of adults and the factors which affect these habits have developed rapidly during the past few years. Some of the most significant contributions which have been made recently in the field of educational research have been studies of phases of the reading process. The studies reveal that the dominant reading interests of the American people have varied with their changing needs and ideals. Furthermore, these same reading interests have exerted a strong influence upon the nature of the materials supplied for shcool reading, for religious study, and for the influencing of the people's loyalty to the nation. There are several reasons for the new emphasis upon the reading habits of adults: first, the efforts of librarians and educators generally to promote adult education, and second, the increased interest in reading by adults because of their own realization of its social utility. Also the fact that useful learning is not prevented by advancing age has had a great deal to do with the place of serious reading in a modern society, for it implies that serious reading is helpful at any age.

Studies have shown that those who are active in community organizations are more satisfied with life and, as a result. are better, adjusted socially. In that case, it is of value to know where an ample degree of participation is found and what institutions and organizations do most to motivate activity among its members. This is an attempt to make such a study in regard to religious groups.