The purpose of this study is to study future trends in student enrollment, according to age , sex, grades, and school levels, for different geographic areas, and teacher demand for the elementary and secondary levels of school in Utah from 1970 to the year 2000. For the secondary level information is also given for student enrollment according to different subject areas and the future demand of teachers for these subject areas. Projections were prepared for single calendar years from 1970 to the year 2000. The projections for the school children were based on total population projections for the state, prepared at the Department of Sociology, Utah State University. Census data and school enrollment data were used to obtain information for future trends . The component method of population projection was used to project the total population for the state and the enrollment-ratio method was used to project the school population. With 98 percent of the school-age population, (5-17 years of age), now enrolled in school, future increases or decreases in the school population would mainly come from changes in fertility or migration. The general findings of this study for the period 1970-2000, show an increase of 50,398 students, (16 percent), and 2,124 teachers, (17 percent). Elementary student population increased by 30,599 students and 1,293 teachers, whereas the secondary school population increased by 19,799 students, and 831 teachers. The majority of students are concentrated wi thin four counties: Davis, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber. In 1970 these counties comprised 77 percent of the school population and projected by the year 2000 to 82 percent.

The theme of this thesis is a political history of a state during a critical time in the history of a nation and the world. A political history implies an account of what has happened politically within the years and are dealt with. It involves an inquiry into political leaders, governmental institutions, and enactments, but it also involves public opinion formulation.

Preferences of the size of family and the relationship between the size of family and a number of socio - economic and demographic variables were studied among high school senior girls in three northern Utah counties by a special survey. The questionnaire specifically designed for the study was administered between November 1967 and February 1968 in all high schools in Cache, Box Elder and Rich counties with the exception of Logan High School in Logan and Box Elder High School in Brigham City. Two questions were used to elicit the answers on the preference of family size; one was designed to elicit an answer with the respondent as the point of reference and the other was the "generalized other" as a reference point. Both sets of data were c ross-tabulated with socio - economic and demographic variables. Both data indicated that the mean number of children desired was 4 .4 and 4.3 for the family of "generalized others " and the respondent's own family respectively. A weak relationship was found between the ideal size of family and the education of respondent's mother and father, income, religion, residence, occupation, and the demographic variable, the respondent's own family size. The data also indicated that those with a belief in birth control prefer a smaller family than those who do not believe in the use of contraceptive devices. Due to the sample size and the exploratory nature of the study, relationships between ideal size of family and the selected number of variables can only be suggestive.

The Monte Cristo area of the Cache National Forest has consistently supported a heavy pocket gopher infestation for many years. In 1957, and several succeeding years, infested range was treated with poisoned grain for pocket gopher control. Nearby range (also infested) was no t treated. Thus, gopher- control l ed range became available for comparative study, with period s of successive annual control of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Within each of these areas (designated as treatments) were located two study s ites in 1961 and three in 1962. Within each study site were three sample areas, and just out side each study site were two trap blocks. Half-acre trap blocks were saturated with snap t raps for 3- consecutive days to give a 3-day population index ; this was converted to population per acre by treatments for use with regression analysis. Mound and cast counts, which have been widely used as indicators of there lative abundance of gophers were made on the 1-acre sample areas of ea ch treatment. Within these sample areas line -plot transects were used to obtain in format ion on perennial plant numbers and y i e ld, annual plant abundance, and "bulbed plant" abundance.

Richmond lies on a rise of ground near the Wasatch range in the east central part of Cache Valley. In 1855 John Bair led a small party to the vicinity of Richmond to explore it. Four years later (1859) they returned and established homes. The community grew quite rapidly. In 1860 when Jesse V. fox, territorial surveyor, made the first survey, 104 people claimed land. The first public building was a combination church and school house. A ditch connected with High Creek was built in q860. In 1868 the village was incorporated with W. D. Hendricks as the first mayor.

I estimated various demographic parameters of the coyote population in Curlew Valley, northern Utah and southern Idaho, during the period August 1972 through September 1974. Fi eld work provided estimates of relative and absolute coyote densities and established causes of coyote mortality. Laboratory analyses of 866 coyote carcasses supplied information on sex and age ratios , ovulation frequencies , pregnancy rates, and litter sizes. Annual ovulation frequencies and pregnancy rates for the entire population varied from 70 to 92 percent and 57 to 88 percent respectively. Age- specific ovulation frequencies varied from 63 to 91 percent, respectively, for pups and adults. Similarly, age-specific pregnancy rates varied from 53 to 100 percent for pups and adults respectively . Mean age-specific litter sizes were 6. 0 , 5 . 9 , 6. 5 , and 6. 2 for pups, Yearlings, adults, and all ages combined, Reproductive rates appeared to be inversely related to coyote densities; hence, density-dependent processes operated in this population. The sex ratio of denned pups (May ) did not differ significantly from an expected 50:50 sex ratio. The pup sex ratio in the winter carcass collections differed significantly from 50:50 where as that of yearlings and adults did not. The percentage of pups varied from 42 to 56 percent in the winter carcass collections. Ages of coyotes were determined by counting cementwn annuli in longitudinal canine and lower first premolar sections . In addition to the conventional method of assigning ages , I developed a second method based on cementum thickness ratios . This method was necessary since my collections were obtain ed during the period of annulus formation. Hence it is possible to observe coyotes of the same age that display different numbers of annuli. Both the relative- and absolute-density data revealed substantial short - term variation in coyote densities. Post-whelping, May coyote jensities may have varied from l , 5 to 0. 2 coyotes per square 2 mile (0. 6 to 0, 08 coyotes per km ). The mortality of coyotes 5 months old and older was almost entirely man-induced. Annual fa ll- to - fall population mortality varied from -12 to 82 percent. Similarly , estimated birth - to-fall pup mortality rates ranged from 41 to 72 percent, with the major losses probably occurring between birth and May. Coyotes a reprobably most susceptible to natural mortality during their first few month s of life .

Movements of 22 cougars (Felis concolor) were monitored by radio-telemetry between January 1979 and July 1981 in southern Utah. The population, composed of resident, transient, and juvenile cougars, remained relatively constant in size for 3 years. Densities (0.4-0.5 cougars/100 km2) were considerably lower than has been reported elsewhere. Average annual home area size of resident females (685 km2) and a single resident male (826 km2) were substantially larger than other home area sizes reported. Home areas of resident females overlapped and resident male home areas may have overlapped as well. Despite the degree of overlap observed, with the exception of family groups, close spatial associations were rare. Dispersal of cubs appeared to be independent of adult resident density. Density of resident cougars appears to be regulated by a social pattern based on land tenure but limited by abundance of mule deer, their principal prey on this study area. The relative vulnerability to hunting of different cougar cohorts is discussed.

The Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints began missionary activities in Utah in 1863. Missionaries were active throughout the territory. Over three thousand members of the Utah Mormon Church were brought into the ranks of the Reorganization during the nineteenth century. Dissatisfied Mormons found the message of the Reorganization attractive. The "new church" denied polygamy and was led by Joseph Smith III, the oldest son of the mormon Prophet Joseph Smith. Its anti-Brigham Young attitude encouraged many dissatisfied Utah Mormons to join the Reorganization. Outstanding Josephite missionaries, often ex-Utah Mormons, were very successful in spreading their new found faith among their friends and relatives. Very few of the converts remained in Utah; each spring from 1863-1875 a migration of Josephites left the Great Basin. Small temporary branches of the Reorganized Church were established in most of the larger communities in Utah. Many of these fell apart as migration deplete numbers, but the branches at Ogden, Provo, Union Fort, Salt Lake City in Utah, and Malad, Idaho, survived into the twentieth century. The Reorganized missionaries and converts in Utah made a significant impact upon federal government anti-Mormon legislation of the late nineteenth century. The Josephites also acted as a safety valve for dissatisfied Latter-day Saints. No other religious group was so successful in proselyting among Mormons in Utah as the Reorganized Church during the nineteenth century.

Behavioral activiti es and predatory behavior of 18 American Kestrels (Falco sparverius, 9 males and 9 females) were observed for 350+ hours during 3 seasons (nonbreeding = Jan-Feb , breeding = mid-~lar-Apr, and postbreeding = late-Aug-Sept) in northern Utah. Daily energy expenditure (DEE) of male and female kestrels was estimated with a model that incorporated flight activity data from free-living birds and laboratory measurements on daytime and nighttime metabolic rates and energy costs of tissue production derived from captive kestrels. Production costs were included in the DEE for breeding and postbreeding kestrels. The energy cost of gonadal growth for males (0.02 kcal/day) and females (0.20 kcal/day) was added to the DEE of breeding kestrels. Breeding females expended an estimated 10.13 kcal/day for producing an average clutch of 4.5 eggs. The energy costs of fat deposition (2.27 and 4.39 kcal / day for males and females, respectively) and molt (2.38 and 2.72 kcal/day for males and females , respectively) were added to the DEE of postbreeding kestrels. In addition to the DEE , the model predicted nonflight energy expenditure (NFEE) and flight energy expenditure (FEE) during the day, and energy expenditure during the night (NEE). DEE of nonbreeding birds is generally higher (47.71 kcal/day) than those from the breeding (44.89 kcal / day) and postbreeding (42.42 kcal / day) seasons. DEE of females (48.69 kcal/day) is higher than males (41.31 kcal/day) primarily because females averaged 15.5% heavier than males during all 3 seasons, and females have higher costs of production. Kestrels are heaviest during the nonbreeding season and the amount of metabolizable energy available is highest. DEE is lower during the breeding and postbreeding seasons because thermoregulatory demands have decreased which may allow energy to be metabolized for production. NFEE accounts for most (48.5%) of the DEE. Flight costs are relatively small because kestrels allocate an average 3% of the photoperiod (25.6 min/day) to flight activities. Egg production accounts for 20% of the DEE of breeding females. The energy cost of fat deposition and molt accounts for 11.6 and 15.9% of the DEE for postbreeding males and females, respectively. These reproductive and tissue production costs may also elevate the DEE of breeding and postbreeding females to that of nonbreeding females.

Water is not a single use resource. It can be used for completely unrelated purposes. There are four general uses for water: household, industrial, agricultural, and recreational. Since water is an economic good it must be properly allocated among the four uses to maximize the returns to society. Also, There must be proper allocation among competing units within each major use.