Problem: The problem of this study was to: (1) identify those laws, court decisions, legal opinions of the Office of the Attorney General of the State of Utah, the legal opinions and policies of the Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction of the State of Utah, trends and extra legal practices of local school boards in the State of Utah with respect to teaching personnel, (2) organize such data into topical categories in terms of subject matter , and (3) develop some suggested guidelines and recommendations for local school board policies and legislative enactments in the State of Utah. Summary: A portion of the summary was as follow s: (l) The Office of the State Board of Education in Utah has the sole power to issue teaching certificates and may revoke them for immoral or unprofessional conduct. (2) Local school boards may require additional qualifications of certificated teachers such as areas of training, experience, and health. (3) Written contracts may be entered into with teachers for terms not to exceed five years, providing that they may be terminated for cause at any time. (4) It is not unlawful to employ a certificated teacher who is closely related to a school board member. (S) Utah has no teacher tenure laws, but local school boards may provide for tenure, continuing contracts, and orderly dismissal procedures for teachers through district policy. (6) Local school boards are financially liable for the full term of a teacher' s salary. (7) Local school boards may either insure in the state insurance fund or pay compensation directly to a teacher injured on the job. (8) Immunity from legal suit of local school boards has been waived for certain of their own acts and negligent acts of teachers when performing in their official capacity. (9) Local school boards may insure teachers against individual liability if they are judged negligent in the performance of their duties. Major recommendations: The Utah Legislature should: (1) delete outdated and obsolete statutes pertaining to teaching personnel from the Utah Code Annotated, (2) pass a Professional Negotiation and Tenure Law for teachers, and (3) make it mandatory that local school boards purchase liability insurance for the protection of teachers. The Utah State Board of Education should: (l) withhold State Uniform School Funds from local school boards who continue to employ non-authorized, non -certificated teachers, (2) require a financial penalty of teachers who break their contracts illegally with local school boards, and (3) prohibit local school board members from originally appointing their close relatives as teachers. The Utah School Boards Association should increase its leader ship role with local school boards in such areas as legislation, negotiations, general school operation, and inservice training for newly elected school board members. Additional areas of study suggested by this research were: (1) District court cases in Utah with respect to teaching personnel which have not been taken to the Appellate Courts, (2) Updating of the Utah Code Annotated in all respects in those statutes involving schools, and (3) Reasons why some local school boards in Utah operate extra legally.

La multiplication de la délinquance juvénile suscite de nombreuses interrogations. Ainsi, comment offrir une réponse juste et adaptée au mineur, d'autant plus lorsque celui-ci est atteint d'une pathologie physique nécessitant des soins lourds et récurrents ? Il existe un véritable vide juridique en la matière, ce qui pose indiscutablement des difficultés pratiques. Ni la loi du 15 août 2014 relative à l'individualisation des peines, ni les projets de réforme de l'ordonnance du 02 février 1945 relative à l'enfance délinquante n'apportent de réponses concrètes à cette situation. A cet égard, après des recherches sur le terrain, il est apparu que les professionnels du droit faisaient généralement, dans la mesure du possible, un traitement au cas par cas, faute de textes juridiques. Dès lors, l'objet de cette thèse est de proposer des pistes de réflexion relatives aux éventuels aménagements de la procédure pénale, du stade de l'enquête à celui de l'exécution de la peine. Le sujet s'inscrit dans une actualité juridique en pleine évolution eu égard aux projets de réformes en cours. / The proliferation of juvenile delinquency raises many questions. Thus, how to provide a fair and appropriate response to the minor, especially when it is sufferingfrom a physical condition requiring heavy and ongoing care?There is a real legal vacuum in this area, which undoubtedly poses practical difficulties. Neither the law of August 15th 2014 concerning the individualization ofsentences, nor the orders of reform projects from February 2nd 1945 on juvenile delinquency, bring concrete answers to this situation.Therein, after researching on the spot, it appears that legal professionals were doing, generally, as much as possible, a case-by-case treatment, because of olack of legal texts. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to provide actionable insights on possible adjustments of the criminal proceedings, from the stage of theinquiry to the execution of the sentence. The subject is part of evolving legal developments with respect to ongoing reform projects.

The obstacles that hinder democracy in Latin America are the topics of interest of this research. Loopholes within Latin American democratic systems of governance are a cause for concern, but also intrigue. In this research the specific loopholes and strengths of democracies in Latin America will be spotted and explained. More specifically, this research features a series quantitative method to help explain and evaluate the characteristics of strong democracies in Latin America as well as the characteristics of weak democracies in Latin America. A series of regression models show a causal relationship between rule of law and the overall democratic success of Latin American countries within the region. Therefore, it can be said that countries that hold robust judiciary systems are not more likely to reach and continue democratic success.

No description available.

O presente trabalho dissertativo se propõe à análise da apreciação das tutelas de urgência em sede de arbitragem, nas fases antecedente e incidental. Para tanto, busca-se o estudo da competência do árbitro para decidir as medidas cautelares e antecipatórias, antes e depois de instalado o processo arbitral, à luz da Lei de Arbitragem, do Código de Processo Civil atual, dos regulamentos das Câmaras Arbitrais, do resultado da pesquisa realizada entre a Escola de Direito de São Paulo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e o Comitê Brasileiro de Arbitragem, da doutrina, da jurisprudência e do Projeto de Reforma do Código de Processo Civil. Embora identificadas interpretações divergentes na doutrina acerca do poder do árbitro de conceder e julgar as medidas de urgência, em razão da previsão do Art. 22, 4 da Lei n 9.307/96, observa-se o entendimento majoritário de que o árbitro detém o referido poder, ante a autonomia da vontade das partes. Quanto às cautelares pré-arbitrais, encontra-se o judiciário revestido do poder de decisão, enquanto não seja instaurado o processo arbitral, exceto quando as partes atribuam ao árbitro a decisão, através de previsão na Convenção Arbitral ou no Regulamento da Câmara escolhida por elas para administrar o processo arbitral. Evidencia-se na doutrina, bem como na jurisprudência, o entendimento acerca da soberania do árbitro para manter ou rejeitar as cautelares apreciadas judicialmente, em sede de sentença arbitral. Em razão da ausência do poder coercitivo do árbitro, identifica-se a cooperação do judiciário para dar cumprimento às decisões arbitrais acautelatórias ou antecipatórias, não cumpridas voluntariamente pelas partes, a fim de assegurar a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. / This dissertative paper proposes the analysis of the appreciation of the guardianships of urgency in seat of the arbitration, in the preceding and incidental phases. With this goal, the paper seeks to study the competence of the arbitrator to decide the precautionary and anticipatory measures, before and after the installation of the arbitral proceedings, in light of the Arbitration Act, of the current Civil Procedure Code, of the regulations from the Arbitration Chambers, of the result of the research undertaken between the Law School of São Paulo from the Getúlio Vargas Fundation and the Brazilian Arbitration Committee, of the doctrine, the jurisprudence and of the Reform Project of the Civil Procedure Code. Although divergent interpretations were identified in the doctrine about the power of the arbitrator to grant and judge the emergency measures, due to the prevision of Article 22, 4 of Law No. 9.307/96, there is the prevailing understanding that the arbitrator holds the referred power against the autonomy of the parties. Regarding the pre-arbitration precautionaries, the judiciary is vested with the power of decision, while not initiated the arbitration proceedings, except when the parties impute the arbitrator with the decision, through the prevision in the Arbitral Convention or in the Arbitration Rules of the Chamber chosen by them to administer the arbitration. It is evident in the doctrine, as well as in the jurisprudence, the understanding about the sovereignty of the arbitrator to keep or reject judicially the precautionary measures considered, in seat of the arbitration award. Due to the absence of coercive power of the arbitrator, it is identified the cooperation of the judiciary to comply with precautionary and anticipatory arbitration awards, not met voluntarily by the parties, to ensure the effectiveness of the jurisdictional protection.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:29:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Thomson de Andrade.pdf: 639681 bytes, checksum: 082dec2e475890f4e6164e75c4cd917c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-15 / This work proposes to the study of the relationship between law and power in the contemporary context, which we named post-modernity. Thus, through the analysis on the crisis of legitimacy that affects the power and law within the nation state, evidenced by the constant attack of terrorism on existing orders, we address the various issues involving the constitution and evolution of the modern state and the changes that are occurring in the contemporary world, to reframe the relationship between law and power in order to be more appropriate to the post-modernity context. For doing that, we have studied political theory and sociology in order to address the issue the relation of power and law in modernity and post modernity, and at the same time, the legal theories arising from that. Furthermore, by means of an approximation within the theory of communication, we´ve tried to refresh the study of the relationship between law and power. In the end, we propose, based on the results obtained in the reflection, how the legal authority can be reinterpreted to obtain the material to achieve legitimacy in the post-modern / O presente trabalho propõe-se ao estudo da relação entre direito e poder no contexto contemporâneo, que denominamos de pós-modernidade. Assim, por meio da análise sobre a crise de legitimidade que atinge o poder e o direito no âmbito do Estado nacional, evidenciada pelo constante ataque do terrorismo às ordens vigentes, pretendemos abordar os diversos aspectos que envolvem a formação e atuação do Estado moderno e as trasnformações que estão ocorrendo no mundo contemporâneo, para reinterpretar a relação direito e poder de forma mais adequada à pós-modernidade. Valemo-nos, nesse intuito, das teorias política e da sociologia que abordam de forma externa a questão do Estado, do poder e do direito na modernidade e na pós-modernidade e, ao mesmo tempo, das teorias jurídicas delas decorrentes. Além disso, por meio de uma aproximação com a teoria da comunicação, procuramos dar novos contornos à relação entre direito e poder. Ao final, propomos, com base nos resultados obtidos na reflexão, a maneira como a autoridade jurídica pode ser reinterpretada para a obtenção da legitimidade material que almeja no contexto pós-moderno

<p>The question of whether there is soft law in international law has been as much the subject of contemporary debate as whether or not there is private legal authority in the international society. The legal boundaries seem to be blurred by the process of globalisation and the recent shift in international law. The traditional definition of international law has been outdated as new forms of treaties has introduced new subject of law to the judicial arena. At the same time a supplementary map of law has been added to the cartography of international law, soft law. These correlating processes have comprehensive political and legal consequences at both the international and national levels. This essay examines and identifies soft law from a legal-political perspective and locates and explores private forms of legal authority on the map of contemporary international law. In respect to theory, it accounts for an interdisciplinary approach involving issues of both international law and international relations. In the process this study examines issues regarding the relative legal normativity and the blurring of legal authority in international law. The focus is on the legal character, the constitutive practices and the legal and political influence of soft law. It discusses the influence and power exerted by soft law over state actors in the international system and at the national level. The essay finds that soft law is of substantial relevance in the international ambit. To some extent a limited normative force of certain norms is recognized in soft law even though it is conceded that those norms would not be enforceable by an international court or other international organ. To say that it does not exist because it is not of the enforceable variety, might blind students of international law to another dimension of the landscape of international practice. Soft law does not translate to soft obligations in the reality of international society, and it seems to be some confusion surrounding the obligations conceived by it. The research here presented suggests that its political and legal power is substantial. The researched examples do not display any real private legal authority in soft law. This is because soft law is found to be a separate phenomenon from international law proper. However, soft law’s impact on national governments combined with the wider acceptance of the presence of private actors in the creation of soft law suggests that private power is noteworthy in comparison. In one of the studied examples, the soft law is concluded by private business representatives solely, but in requiring the status of soft law it is dependant on the recognition of the international and national legal bodies.</p>

RESUMÉ The role of Social and Legal Authority providing protection of Children in the process of arranging adoptions This thesis deal with the The role of Social and Legal Authority providing protection of Children in the process of arranging adoptions. The Social and legal protection of children is one of the most important activity. The state cares about children without parents. The aim of adoption is acceptance of another person as their own. The thesis is divided into two parts and six chapters. The first part is devoted to institute of adoption. The Civil Code changed view of the adoption. Now the adoption isn't one of the types foster care of children, but the adoption is at the same level like biology relationship between parents and children. The first chapter describes historical development of adoption. The Second chapter describes the institute of adoption, for example sorts of law, main characteristics, type and conditions of adoption, consents with adoption, care before adoption and revocation of adoption. The second part describes process of arranging adoption. The third chapter describes social and legal protection of children. This chapter is devoted to term social and legal protection, historical development and authorities. The fourth chapter is the main of chapter, which is devoted to...

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:18:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 soraya_vieira_nunes.pdf: 29165759 bytes, checksum: f6e2efe4d98ce5aff5d29ffb007b5dc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / This dissertative paper proposes the analysis of the appreciation of the guardianships of urgency in seat of the arbitration, in the preceding and incidental phases. With this goal, the paper seeks to study the competence of the arbitrator to decide the precautionary and anticipatory measures, before and after the installation of the arbitral proceedings, in light of the Arbitration Act, of the current Civil Procedure Code, of the regulations from the Arbitration Chambers, of the result of the research undertaken between the Law School of São Paulo from the Getúlio Vargas Fundation and the Brazilian Arbitration Committee, of the doctrine, the jurisprudence and of the Reform Project of the Civil Procedure Code. Although divergent interpretations were identified in the doctrine about the power of the arbitrator to grant and judge the emergency measures, due to the prevision of Article 22, § 4 of Law No. 9.307/96, there is the prevailing understanding that the arbitrator holds the referred power against the autonomy of the parties. Regarding the pre-arbitration precautionaries, the judiciary is vested with the power of decision, while not initiated the arbitration proceedings, except when the parties impute the arbitrator with the decision, through the prevision in the Arbitral Convention or in the Arbitration Rules of the Chamber chosen by them to administer the arbitration. It is evident in the doctrine, as well as in the jurisprudence, the understanding about the sovereignty of the arbitrator to keep or reject judicially the precautionary measures considered, in seat of the arbitration award. Due to the absence of coercive power of the arbitrator, it is identified the cooperation of the judiciary to comply with precautionary and anticipatory arbitration awards, not met voluntarily by the parties, to ensure the effectiveness of the jurisdictional protection. / O presente trabalho dissertativo se propõe à análise da apreciação das tutelas de urgência em sede de arbitragem, nas fases antecedente e incidental. Para tanto, busca-se o estudo da competência do árbitro para decidir as medidas cautelares e antecipatórias, antes e depois de instalado o processo arbitral, à luz da Lei de Arbitragem, do Código de Processo Civil atual, dos regulamentos das Câmaras Arbitrais, do resultado da pesquisa realizada entre a Escola de Direito de São Paulo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e o Comitê Brasileiro de Arbitragem, da doutrina, da jurisprudência e do Projeto de Reforma do Código de Processo Civil. Embora identificadas interpretações divergentes na doutrina acerca do poder do árbitro de conceder e julgar as medidas de urgência, em razão da previsão do Art. 22, § 4º da Lei nº 9.307/96, observa-se o entendimento majoritário de que o árbitro detém o referido poder, ante a autonomia da vontade das partes. Quanto às cautelares pré-arbitrais, encontra-se o judiciário revestido do poder de decisão, enquanto não seja instaurado o processo arbitral, exceto quando as partes atribuam ao árbitro a decisão, através de previsão na Convenção Arbitral ou no Regulamento da Câmara escolhida por elas para administrar o processo arbitral. Evidencia-se na doutrina, bem como na jurisprudência, o entendimento acerca da soberania do árbitro para manter ou rejeitar as cautelares apreciadas judicialmente, em sede de sentença arbitral. Em razão da ausência do poder coercitivo do árbitro, identifica-se a cooperação do judiciário para dar cumprimento às decisões arbitrais acautelatórias ou antecipatórias, não cumpridas voluntariamente pelas partes, a fim de assegurar a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional.

The question of whether there is soft law in international law has been as much the subject of contemporary debate as whether or not there is private legal authority in the international society. The legal boundaries seem to be blurred by the process of globalisation and the recent shift in international law. The traditional definition of international law has been outdated as new forms of treaties has introduced new subject of law to the judicial arena. At the same time a supplementary map of law has been added to the cartography of international law, soft law. These correlating processes have comprehensive political and legal consequences at both the international and national levels. This essay examines and identifies soft law from a legal-political perspective and locates and explores private forms of legal authority on the map of contemporary international law. In respect to theory, it accounts for an interdisciplinary approach involving issues of both international law and international relations. In the process this study examines issues regarding the relative legal normativity and the blurring of legal authority in international law. The focus is on the legal character, the constitutive practices and the legal and political influence of soft law. It discusses the influence and power exerted by soft law over state actors in the international system and at the national level. The essay finds that soft law is of substantial relevance in the international ambit. To some extent a limited normative force of certain norms is recognized in soft law even though it is conceded that those norms would not be enforceable by an international court or other international organ. To say that it does not exist because it is not of the enforceable variety, might blind students of international law to another dimension of the landscape of international practice. Soft law does not translate to soft obligations in the reality of international society, and it seems to be some confusion surrounding the obligations conceived by it. The research here presented suggests that its political and legal power is substantial. The researched examples do not display any real private legal authority in soft law. This is because soft law is found to be a separate phenomenon from international law proper. However, soft law’s impact on national governments combined with the wider acceptance of the presence of private actors in the creation of soft law suggests that private power is noteworthy in comparison. In one of the studied examples, the soft law is concluded by private business representatives solely, but in requiring the status of soft law it is dependant on the recognition of the international and national legal bodies.