The aim of this master's thesis is to explore and study dynamic aberration correction options in electron-beam lithography systems. For the calculations, the thesis uses the optical column of the BS600 electron-beam writer. The thesis focuses on corrections of the third order field curvature, astigmatism, and distortion aberrations of the currently used magnetic deflection system and a newly designed electrostatic deflection system. The parameters of the two deflection and correction systems were compared.

This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of aesthetic defects occurring on buildings and their influence on the construction cost. The aim of this work is to study the issue of the valuation of aesthetic defects and then a case study to show how aesthetic defects will increase the construction costs and what costs it will impose upon their removal. To conclude this thesis I compared the removal costs of aesthetic defects with the value decrease of not removing these defects on the family house used for the case study

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This dissertation aims at verifying methodology used for somatographic evaluation of the shape and statics of the spine. The potential of the methodology verified lies in increased objectivity of upright body posture evaluation and thereby contributes to the specification of preventative measures for postural defects, and their consequences. Under a cross-sectional pilot study, a non-invasive somatographic method-a diagnostic DPT-3 system designated for spine shape diagnostics-was used to examine selected biomechanical parameters (spinal curves and statics in the sagittal plane in the upright position) in a total of 508 probands. Of this, 326 were school-age children and 182 adults. Among the key parameters monitored were: Cl (depth of cervical lordosis); LI (depth of lumbar lordosis); the sagittal balance of Cl/Ll, and VThk (distance of the peak of the thoracic kyphosis from the ideal verticals-IV). A questionnaire was used to evaluate the level of movement activity in probands and the relation between the occurrence of painful back and headaches and the measurement of biomechanical parameters and movement activity. A total of 81.3 % of children and 94.5 % of adults were found to have deviations from the biomechanically ideal posture model, which signals a postural defect. The values of the Cl (p...

Social robots are becoming more and more common in our everyday lives. In the field of conversational robotics, the development goes towards socially engaging robots with humanlike conversation. This project looked into one of the technical aspects when recognizing speech, videlicet speech activity detection (SAD). The presented solution uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) based system to detect speech in a forward azimuth area. The project used a dataset from FestVox, called CMU Artic and was complimented by adding recorded noises. A library called Pyroomacoustics were used to simulate a real world setup to create a robust system. A simplified version was built, this model only detected speech activity and a accuracy of 95%was reached. The finished model resulted in an accuracy of 93%.It was compared with similar project, a voice activity detection(VAD) algorithm WebRTC with beamforming, as no previous published solutions to our project was found. Our solution proved to be higher in accuracy in both cases, compared to the accuracy WebRTC achieved on our dataset. / Sociala robotar blir vanligare och vanligare i våra vardagliga liv. Inom konversationsrobotik går utvecklingen mot socialt engagerande robotar som kan ha mänskliga konversationer. Detta projekt tittar på en av de tekniska aspekterna vid taligenkänning, nämligen talaktivitets detektion. Den presenterade lösningen använder ett convolutional neuralt nätverks(CNN) baserat system för att detektera tal i ett framåtriktat azimut område. Projektet använde sig av ett dataset från FestVox, kallat CMU Artic och kompletterades genom att lägga till ett antal inspelade störningsljud. Ett bibliotek som heter Pyroomacoustics användes för att simulera en verklig miljö för att skapa ett robust system. En förenklad modell konstruerades som endast detekterade talaktivitet och en noggrannhet på 95% uppnåddes. Den färdiga maskinen resulterade i en noggrannhet på 93%. Det jämfördes med liknande projekt, en röstaktivitetsdetekterings (VAD) algoritm WebRTC med strålformning, eftersom inga tidigare publicerade lösningar för vårt projekt hittades. Det visade sig att våra lösningar hade högre noggrannhet än den WebRTC uppnådde på vårt dataset. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm

Syftet med studien är att utforska hur implementeringen av studie- och yrkesvägledning i tidigt skede på grundskolor främjar elevers framtida studie och yrkesval. Då studie- och yrkesvägledningen är ett ämne som ofta bortprioriteras på grund av diverse anledningar innebär det att det ofta implementeras i ett sent stadium. Studien bidrar med en förståelse för problemområdet. Undersökningen har genomförts utifrån kvalitativ metod och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Därför har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med sju utbildade studie- och yrkesvägledare som arbetar inom grundskolan.      Studiens frågeställningar är: -Hur arbetar SYV med studie- och yrkesvägledning i yngre årskurser? -Hur involverad är skolans ledning i studie- och yrkesvägledningen? -Vilken betydelse har tidig implementering av studie- och yrkesvägledning på elevers valkompetens? För att besvara dessa frågor utgår studien från informanternas svar. Intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av Gottfredsons teori om begräsningar och kompromisser där begreppen självuppfattning, yrkesstereotyper, mentala kartor över yrken, omskrift och kompromiss används. Hodkinson och Sparkes begrepp handlingshorisont varvas med dessa begrepp.      Studiens huvudresultat visar att implementeringen av studie- och yrkesvägledning i tidigt skede bidrar till en säkerhet hos eleverna samtidigt som deras valkompetens ökar. De informanter som integrerar studie- och yrkesvägledningen tidigt belyser resultatet av det och de informanter som inte integrerar det tidigt i dagsläget uttrycker en gemensam önskan kring att få göra det en dag. Tidsbrist och okunskap hos skolans ledning är återkommande faktorer som påverkar den tidiga implementeringen.

This paper aims to describe and elaborate on a recent discursive change within the new-age movement. Since the seventies and the publishing of speculative popular science books like The Tao of Physics by Fritjof Capra and The self-aware Universe by Amit Goswami, the idea that quantum physics resonates with spirituality has become the topic of hundreds of books and movies. The quantum-spiritual discourse has three distinct ways to approach quantum physics in its discussion on spirituality: The parallelistic approach which emphasizes the similarities between eastern philosophies and modern physics, the monistic-idealistic approach which tells us that mind is the foundation of matter and the scientific spiritual approach which tries to explain spiritual claims scientifically. In the quantum-spiritual discourse, quantum physical phenomena (e.g. non-locality and entanglement) are being called upon to validate metaphysical statements. The primary assumption of the discourse is that the shift of paradigm due to the establishment of modern physics also is a shift of paradigm of spirituality. With the object to examine the common claims made in the discourse, cross-references between spiritual arguments and facts of quantum physics are being made. A discussion is held about the probable influence of the historical context, with particular focus on the monistic evolvement during the late nineteenth century.

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The aim of this thesis is to verify a possibility of controlling the crystallisation of aluminium alloys poured in shell moulds in order to achieve directional solidification. For this purpose, new cooling plant has been designed and fabricated. Several sample castings were produced under different initial conditions. Based on the evaluation of measured temperatures, a numerical simulation of heat transfer was created using the ProCAST software. Finally, the sample castings were sectioned into specimens that were, subsequently, metallographically polished and the evaluation of their structure with respect to the amount and types of defects was performed.

BACKGROUND Cardiac surgery patients have some of the highest reported incidence and prevalence of pressure injuries (PI). A growing subset of cardiac surgery include patients with end-stage heart failure who undergo ventricular assist device (VAD) or total artificial heart (TAH) surgery. The risk of PI and their natural history of development in this population are unknown and the specific risk factors for PI development remain unexplored. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review of the literature to identify the incidence and risk factors of PI development in patients undergoing VAD-TAH surgery and thereby inform study design and variables in an eight-year retrospective study of all patients undergoing VAD-TAH surgery at a large academic university medical center. METHODS The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses or PRISMA statement guided this systematic review. Quality of evidence was determined using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Rating Scale. Two reviewers independently appraised manuscripts matching the eligibility criteria for study inclusion. Four databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and hand searches of journals based on reference lists from included studies were utilized. Initial results of this primary search revealed zero studies that met inclusion and this search methodology was confirmed by medical librarian consultation. Therefore, a follow up retrospective study was necessary to identify incidence of PI in the VAD-TAH population. However, a secondary search, dropping keywords of VAD-TAH and instead focusing on studies of on-pump cardiac surgery and mixed surgical studies where cardiac surgery patients were included, was conducted to establish variables to guide a retrospective study of all VAD-TAH surgeries between 2010-2018. The retrospective study evaluated the incidence of pressure ulcers by case, patient and incidence density for each of the respective 1000 patient days during the study period. Univariate statistics are reported by four different VAD-TAH devices. Variables significant in bivariate analysis were entered in a stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS In the systematic review, 312 articles were identified from the databases with eight additional articles from hand searches. Following abstract review, 208 were excluded for not meeting inclusion criteria or study quality metrics. 77 articles were read in full, with 61 excluded, leaving 16 articles for inclusion. 31 risk factors were identified for PI development in on-pump cardiac surgery patients with 11 risk factors which were identified as significant in multivariate analysis for inclusion in the retrospective study.