Este trabalho tem como objetivo mapear os aquíferos sedimentar e cristalino na bacia sedimentar do Paraná no Estado de São Paulo, por meio do emprego da Inversão Conjunta de dados obtidos em sondagens com os métodos TDEM (Eletromagnético no Domínio do Tempo) e Eletrorresistividade por meio da técnica de SEV (Sondagem Elétrica Vertical). Os estudos foram realizados na região de Termas de Ibirá, distante cerca de 450 km do Município de São Paulo. Nesta região os poços tubulares perfurados captam água principalmente do aquífero sedimentar raso (Aquífero Bauru) relacionado com os sedimentos arenosos da Formação Adamantina, Grupo Bauru. Por outro lado, o aquífero fraturado na camada de basalto da Formação Serra Geral (Aquífero Serra Geral) ainda é pouco conhecido, sendo que este último constitui-se num excelente alvo para exploração de água subterrânea. Com as SEVs, obtiveram-se as informações mais rasas dos arenitos do Grupo Bauru, o Aquífero Bauru e o topo dos basaltos da Fm. Serra Geral. Com o método TDEM o pacote basáltico pôde ser investigado com maior detalhe e o Aquífero Serra Geral caracterizado. A análise dos resultados foi feita por meio da Inversão Conjunta-1D de sondagens SEVs/TDEM, de modo que as informações de cada metodologia foram integradas complementarmente, isto é, todo o intervalo de profundidade pôde ser caracterizado: a parte mais rasa com os dados das SEVs e a mais profunda com os dados do TDEM. Os resultados foram integrados com informações litológicas de poços de exploração de água subterrânea catalogados no SIAGAS-CPRM. Esta integração diminuiu as ambiguidades inerentes ao processo de interpretação de dados geofísicos, permitindo a demarcação de três zonas de favorabilidade para o posicionamento de poços tubulares profundos visando a exploração de água subterrânea no Aquífero Serra Geral e cinco zonas de favorabilidade para o Aquífero Bauru. Também foi possível caracterizar o comportamento estrutural da litoestragrafia na área de estudo. Deste modo, esses resultados contribuíram para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas hidrogeofísicas no Estado de São Paulo. / This work presents the geophysical mapping of sedimentary and fractured aquifers in Parana Sedimentary Basin, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, obtained by 1D - Joint Inversion of TEM (Transient Electromagnetic) soundings and VES (Vertical Electrical Soudings). The studies were conducted in Termas de Ibira region, in Ibira City, which is located 450 km northwest of the city of Sao Paulo. The groundwater exploration wells in the area are located mainly into the shallow sedimentary aquifer (Bauru Aquifer), whose sediments and rocks are related to Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group. On the other hand, the fractured aquifer inside the basalts of Serra Geral Formation (Serra Geral Aquifer) is still not well known and has a huge groundwater exploration potential. The VES results can investigate the shallow sandstones from Bauru Group, the Bauru Aquifer and the top of Serra Geral basalt layer. The TEM soundings investigate the deepest depth interval inside the basalt layer and can examine in detail the fractured aquifer (basalts). The result analysis were integrated by 1D - Joint Inversion of VES/TEM soundings pairs, where the information of each depth interval was used in a complementary way, i.e., the Joint Inversion used the VES to solve shallow information and the TEM soundings the deepest information. Moreover, the results were integrated with the lithological information from the groundwater exploration wells registered in SIAGAS-CPRM database. The integration between Joint Inversion results and the lithological well information could decrease the inherent ambiguities in the geophysical interpretation process, and allowed to map five groundwater exploration favorabitility zones in the Bauru Aquifer and three favorability zones in the Serra Geral Aquifer. The results also provided the structural behavior of the area lithostrigraphy. Furthermore, this study can contribute to the development of hydrogeophysical research in countryside of Sao Paulo State.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo mapear os aquíferos sedimentar e cristalino na bacia sedimentar do Paraná no Estado de São Paulo, por meio do emprego da Inversão Conjunta de dados obtidos em sondagens com os métodos TDEM (Eletromagnético no Domínio do Tempo) e Eletrorresistividade por meio da técnica de SEV (Sondagem Elétrica Vertical). Os estudos foram realizados na região de Termas de Ibirá, distante cerca de 450 km do Município de São Paulo. Nesta região os poços tubulares perfurados captam água principalmente do aquífero sedimentar raso (Aquífero Bauru) relacionado com os sedimentos arenosos da Formação Adamantina, Grupo Bauru. Por outro lado, o aquífero fraturado na camada de basalto da Formação Serra Geral (Aquífero Serra Geral) ainda é pouco conhecido, sendo que este último constitui-se num excelente alvo para exploração de água subterrânea. Com as SEVs, obtiveram-se as informações mais rasas dos arenitos do Grupo Bauru, o Aquífero Bauru e o topo dos basaltos da Fm. Serra Geral. Com o método TDEM o pacote basáltico pôde ser investigado com maior detalhe e o Aquífero Serra Geral caracterizado. A análise dos resultados foi feita por meio da Inversão Conjunta-1D de sondagens SEVs/TDEM, de modo que as informações de cada metodologia foram integradas complementarmente, isto é, todo o intervalo de profundidade pôde ser caracterizado: a parte mais rasa com os dados das SEVs e a mais profunda com os dados do TDEM. Os resultados foram integrados com informações litológicas de poços de exploração de água subterrânea catalogados no SIAGAS-CPRM. Esta integração diminuiu as ambiguidades inerentes ao processo de interpretação de dados geofísicos, permitindo a demarcação de três zonas de favorabilidade para o posicionamento de poços tubulares profundos visando a exploração de água subterrânea no Aquífero Serra Geral e cinco zonas de favorabilidade para o Aquífero Bauru. Também foi possível caracterizar o comportamento estrutural da litoestragrafia na área de estudo. Deste modo, esses resultados contribuíram para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas hidrogeofísicas no Estado de São Paulo. / This work presents the geophysical mapping of sedimentary and fractured aquifers in Parana Sedimentary Basin, in Sao Paulo State, Brazil, obtained by 1D - Joint Inversion of TEM (Transient Electromagnetic) soundings and VES (Vertical Electrical Soudings). The studies were conducted in Termas de Ibira region, in Ibira City, which is located 450 km northwest of the city of Sao Paulo. The groundwater exploration wells in the area are located mainly into the shallow sedimentary aquifer (Bauru Aquifer), whose sediments and rocks are related to Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group. On the other hand, the fractured aquifer inside the basalts of Serra Geral Formation (Serra Geral Aquifer) is still not well known and has a huge groundwater exploration potential. The VES results can investigate the shallow sandstones from Bauru Group, the Bauru Aquifer and the top of Serra Geral basalt layer. The TEM soundings investigate the deepest depth interval inside the basalt layer and can examine in detail the fractured aquifer (basalts). The result analysis were integrated by 1D - Joint Inversion of VES/TEM soundings pairs, where the information of each depth interval was used in a complementary way, i.e., the Joint Inversion used the VES to solve shallow information and the TEM soundings the deepest information. Moreover, the results were integrated with the lithological information from the groundwater exploration wells registered in SIAGAS-CPRM database. The integration between Joint Inversion results and the lithological well information could decrease the inherent ambiguities in the geophysical interpretation process, and allowed to map five groundwater exploration favorabitility zones in the Bauru Aquifer and three favorability zones in the Serra Geral Aquifer. The results also provided the structural behavior of the area lithostrigraphy. Furthermore, this study can contribute to the development of hydrogeophysical research in countryside of Sao Paulo State.

<p>At night or in bad weather, the task of driving is very complex since the amount of visual information available is severely reduced. Vision Enhancement Systems may compensate for parts of the missing information by supplying the driver with a picture of the world where warm objects are made visible. This thesis investigates the impact of Vision Enhancement System display types on cognitive capture and driving performance. 16 subjects were recruited for a simulator study. It was hypothesised that when the contrast of a transparent display is high enough for the driver to separate the picture from the background and make out enough details to interpret it, the risk of cognitive capture is higher than when using an opaque display with the same objects visible. The subjects’ driving performance and opinions about the driving experience were also investigated. No significant differences in driving performance or level of cognitive capture was found. However, questionnaire answers indicate that this question needs to be investigated further to find out whether one display type is preferable because of better and safer driving performance or if individual differences between drivers require the possibility to choose the display type of their personal preference.</p>

<p>The purpose of the project, which led to this thesis, was to investigate the possible effects different horizontal Fields of View (FoV) have on driving performance when driving at night with a Vision Enhancement System (VES). The FoV chosen to be examined were 12 degree and 24 degree FoV, both displayed on a screen with the horizontal size of 12 degree FoV. This meant that the different conditions of FoV also had different display ratios 1:1 and 1:2. No effort was made to separate these parameters. </p><p>A simulator study was performed at the simulator at IKP, Linköping University. Sixteen participants in a within-group design participated in the study. The participants drove two road sections; one with a 12 degree FoV and the other with a 24 degree FoV. During each section four scenarios were presented in which the participants passed one of three types of objects; a moose, a deer or a man. In each section, two of the objects stood right next to the road and two were standing seventeen meters to the right of the road. As the drivers approached the objects standing seventeen meters to the right of the road, the objects moved out of the VES when the vehicle was 200 meters in front of the object with a 12 degree FoV. The objects could be seen with the naked eye when the vehicle was 100 meters in front of the object. When the drivers approached the objects with a 24degree FoV the objects moved out of the VES display when it was possible to see them unaided. </p><p>Results show that a 24 degree FoV displayed with a 1:2 ratio gives the drivers improved anticipatory control, compared to a 12 degree FoV displayed with a 1:1 ratio. The participants with a broader FoV were able to make informed decisions whereas with a narrow FoV some participants started to reaccelerate when they could not see an object. Results also show that any difference in recognition distance that may exist between a 12 degree and a 24 degree camera angle displayed in a 12 degree FoV display do not seem to have any adverse effect on the quality of driving.</p>

The purpose of the project, which led to this thesis, was to investigate the possible effects different horizontal Fields of View (FoV) have on driving performance when driving at night with a Vision Enhancement System (VES). The FoV chosen to be examined were 12 degree and 24 degree FoV, both displayed on a screen with the horizontal size of 12 degree FoV. This meant that the different conditions of FoV also had different display ratios 1:1 and 1:2. No effort was made to separate these parameters. A simulator study was performed at the simulator at IKP, Linköping University. Sixteen participants in a within-group design participated in the study. The participants drove two road sections; one with a 12 degree FoV and the other with a 24 degree FoV. During each section four scenarios were presented in which the participants passed one of three types of objects; a moose, a deer or a man. In each section, two of the objects stood right next to the road and two were standing seventeen meters to the right of the road. As the drivers approached the objects standing seventeen meters to the right of the road, the objects moved out of the VES when the vehicle was 200 meters in front of the object with a 12 degree FoV. The objects could be seen with the naked eye when the vehicle was 100 meters in front of the object. When the drivers approached the objects with a 24degree FoV the objects moved out of the VES display when it was possible to see them unaided. Results show that a 24 degree FoV displayed with a 1:2 ratio gives the drivers improved anticipatory control, compared to a 12 degree FoV displayed with a 1:1 ratio. The participants with a broader FoV were able to make informed decisions whereas with a narrow FoV some participants started to reaccelerate when they could not see an object. Results also show that any difference in recognition distance that may exist between a 12 degree and a 24 degree camera angle displayed in a 12 degree FoV display do not seem to have any adverse effect on the quality of driving.

At night, the visibility is reduced and the demands on the driver increase. A safety system that enables the driver to discover warmer objects in the surroundings when the visibility are reduced, such as the Vision Enhancement System (VES) contributes to safer night-time driving. Since the benefits of this system are established, it is of interest to investigate different design aspects. The VES display has in earlier studies been positioned in front of the driver but different display positions such as peripheral placement should be evaluated. The present simulator study is an investigation of the effects of different display positions inside the car. Two different display positions were investigated, in front of the driver and to the right of the driver. When driving with a display positioned to the right, the driver will have to divide his attention between the road scene and the display by turning his head or he might be able to use peripheral vision. It was hypothesised that there would be significant differences in driving performance between the two display positions in favour of the display position above the steering wheel. The results were measured in driving performance as well as opinions from the participants. Results show that there were some significant differences and several tendencies of better driving performance when driving with the display in front of the driver. The participants also rated this display as being better positioned and effecting the driving in a more positive way than the display to the right. It was therefore concluded that that the most preferred display position is in front of the driver.

The project deals with pension in Ostrožská Nová Ves. Duplex apartment is a part of the building. The building is a partially basement, it has three floors. It is situated by slightly (nearly flat) terrain. There are storage and boiler room in the basement. The first floor is used for operating purposes and there are accommodation units which are situated at second floor, too. There are two flats at third floor.

M. Tech. (Department of Human Resource Development, Faculty of Management Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / This objectivist, experimental study investigated the influence of virtual expert systems (VES) on the decision accuracy of non-expert consultants within a technology consulting contact centre environment. Because of the overwhelming availability of conceptual information, non-expert consultants experience challenges in making accurate decisions, and would benefit from augmented technologies, such as VES. VES hold the ability to capture and scale large volumes of decision variables for consideration by human experts when making decisions. A total of 40 participants were randomly selected from contact centres in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces of South Africa for this study. Human logic was captured and scaled into a technology fault finding virtual expert and administered as an experiment to group participants. The experimental and control group participants were randomly assigned to the respective groups of 20 participants each. The control group was exposed to the paper-based, fault-finding manual. The pre-test and post-test data were collected based on four decision accuracy measures, namely individual performance, average call handling time, first call resolution and customer service. The Clarify performance system of the participating technology consulting company was used as data collection tool to record the findings used for Chapter 5. Statistical data analyses were performed using ANOVA and two-tailed significance tests to test the relationship between VES and decision accuracy in the pre-test and post-test phases of the study. The study found that the participant scores on the decision accuracy measures were only statistically significant on the measure of first call resolution measure (significance score of a p value <.05). On the other (three) measures, the scores obtained from experimental group participants showed more improvement than that of the control group participants. Consequently, the hypothesis that the use of VES enhance decision accuracy amongst non-expert technology consultants was accepted and the alternative hypothesis rejected. Some limitations pertaining to the resultant Hawthorne effect (the effect when some employees work harder and perform better when they are participants in an experiment) was noted amongst participants. This effect resulted from the use of team leaders in monitoring performance during the experiment and the involvement of the technology consulting company in determining the performance norms of the identified measures. Another limitation of the study related to the size of the sample where only two provinces were included. The limitation may affect the generalisation of results to other future settings when such a study is repeated. It was recommended that future studies in this field should make provision for a larger population, inclusive of other provinces to avoid these limitations.

This diploma thesis examines school documents in the former Karlín district, from the second half of the 19th century to the year 1927 for example: general schools in Brandýs nad Labem, Stará Boleslav, Klecany, Odolena Voda, Panenské Břežany and Veliká Ves. This thesis is divided in two parts, the first part focuses on the history of education from Marie Terezie's school reforms to the first Czechoslovak Republic along with school administration in the same period, mainly it focuses on the lower grades of school education systems. Then I describe the former Karlín district, especially individual towns and villages, whose documents I describe later and I write about short history of their schools. In the main part of this thesis I compare selected school documents - namely class statements, class registers, class statements of school leavers, main registers, conferences protocols and school chronicles of individual schools and I examinate their development. Key words The Karlín district, general education system, Brandýs nad Labem, Stará Boleslav, Klecany, Odolena Voda, Panenské Břežany, Veliká Ves

A implantação do Sítio Controlado de Geofísica Rasa (SCGR), do Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas (IAG), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), é um marco na história da geofísica nacional. Trata-se do primeiro local de estudos controlados de geofísica rasa, instalado no Brasil. O SCGR está localizado próximo ao Instituto de Física, em frente ao IAG/USP, compreendendo uma área de 1500 m2 (50 m x 30 m). Nesta área, foram instalados diferentes alvos, com dimensões variadas e em diferentes profundidades, dispostos em sete linhas de 30 metros. Os alvos escolhidos tiveram como finalidade reproduzir uma pequena amostra dos principais objetos que são encontrados em ambiente urbano. O objetivo do estudo foi o de caracterizar os alvos instalados no SCGR, por meio da utilização de diferentes métodos geofísicos, com ênfase no método Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), seguido dos métodos de eletrorresistividade e eletromagnético indutivo (EM-38). Esta caracterização consistiu em avaliar o desempenho e a confiabilidade dos métodos geofísicos, quando aplicados sobre alvos com propriedades físicas conhecidas. A coleta de dados foi realizada antes e depois da instalação do sítio controlado, permitindo, assim, a caracterização geofísica do meio (background) e dos alvos. Os resultados geofísicos foram apresentados na forma de perfis 2D e de cortes em profundidade em blocos volumétricos, Quase-3D. Os dados geofísicos do background evidenciam uma camada de aterro, com espessura de até 2,8 metros, repousando sobre sedimentos argilosos da planície de inundação do rio Pinheiros. O EM-38 possibilitou o mapeamento de todos os objetos metálicos enterrados até a profundidade máxima de 1,5 metro. A identificação de alguns alvos metálicos, enterrados na profundidade de 0,5 metro, também foi possível com os resultados de cargabilidade. Os dados de resistividade elétrica permitiram a identificação de um tubo metálico guia, enterrado no centro da área, a 0,5 metro de profundidade, e de alvos representativos de materiais geológicos. Os resultados de GPR permitiram o imageamento da maioria dos alvos implantados na área do SCGR, com melhor resolução aqueles que mostram maior contraste dielétrico. A pesquisa contribui para o refinamento dos métodos de campo aplicados aos problemas reais do cotidiano, principalmente, em estudos de geotecnia, planejamento urbano, arqueologia e meio ambiente. / The implantation of the Shallow Geophysical Test Site (SCGR) of the Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences Institute (IAG), from University of Sao Paulo (USP), is a mark in national geophysical history. It is the first site Shallow geophysical study site installed in Brazil. This Test Site is located next to Physics Institute in front of IAG/USP, comprehending an area of 1500 m2 (50 m x 30 m). In this area, different targets were installed, with varied dimensions and different depths, buried in seven lines of 30 meters. Targets were chosen aiming at reproducing a small sample of main objects found in urban environment. The goal of the study was characterizing targets installed in SCGR by using different geophysical methods with emphasis in Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), electric and inductive electromagnetic (EM-38) methods. This characterization consisted in evaluating the performance and reliability of geophysical methods, when applied in targets whose physical properties are well-known. Measurements were carried out before the targets installation in subsurface, in order to obtain data from land background or geologic horizons before disturbances. In a second stage, geophysical data were obtained after target installation. Geophysical results were shown in 2D profiles, and depth slices in volumetric blocks, Quasi-3D. Geophysical data from land background showed an earthwork layer, with thickness up to 2.8 meters, above loamy sediments of Pinheiros River. EM-38 enabled the mapping of all metallic targets buried until 1.5 meter of maxim depth. The identification of some metallic targets also buried in the depth of 0.5 meter was possible with chargeability results. Electric resistivity data allowed the identification of a metallic tube buried at the centre of the area, to 0.5 meter of depth, and of representative geological materials targets. GPR results identified of the majority of targets buried in SCGR with better resolution than those ones shown highest dielectric contrast. This research contributes for geophysical method refinement applied to everyday problems mostly in geotechnical, urban planning, archaeological and environmental studies.