This Master thesis is dedicated to the early medieval settlement in the wider of the thesis is created by the location Na blatech. This site was investigated from 1977 - Ivan Krutina, Petr Sommer and Jan Rulf. A plan of all investigated objects and areas is also included. Furthermore, attention is focused on the older excavation completed by llowed up those excavations. It has been proven, this settlement was occupied from the beginning of the early medieval (Prague type culture) to the high middle ages. Therefore, it is possible to compare particular horizons of occupation and the changes in the structure of the settlement pattern. The area of interest was very well investigated from the archelogy point of view. Not only for this reason had we paid attention to the circumjacent early and high medieval settlement. In the time period when the stronghold and settlements in its vicinity, arises. This part of the thesis is based on the list of locations and created maps of evidence of occupation. Keywords: Early Middle Ages village settlement.

Název: Everyday life of the medieval farmstead. Evidence of the material culture in Central Europe. Master 's thesis deals with a summary of knowledge about material culture of deserted high- and late-medieval villages in the Czech Republic and assessing their interpretive possibilities for understanding the everyday life of the medieval farmstead. Attention is focused on the metallic component of the material culture. Basis of the thesis consists of the summary and critical evaluation of archaeological objects discovered during researches of deserted medieval villages, especially since the second half of the 20th century until today (Pfaffenschlag, Konůvky, Bystřec, Mstěnice, Svídna, Potálov, Kravín and Spindelbach). Part of the work is an analysis of finding and spatial context at the discussed archaeological sites. The findings are in the end compared with the selected foreign deserted medieval village (Hard in Lower Austria). This thesis evaluates how a study of the material culture contributes to economic issues and the socio-economic structures of a medieval village. Keywords deserted medieval village - farmstead - everyday life - material culture - metal artifacts - middle ages - Bohemia and Moravia - Austria

The Red River Delta in Vietnam is one of the regions whose quaternary aquifers are polluted by arsenic. Chronic toxification by arsenic can cause severe illnesses such as cancer, skin lesions, developmental defects, cardiovascular and neurological diseas-es, and diabetes. In this study, a food processing craft village in the Red River Delta was investigated regarding the potential risk faced by the population due to arsenic. The potential sources of arsenic are the groundwater, the crops grown in the sur-roundings, and animal products from local husbandry. However, the occurrence of arsenic in nature is variable, and its bioavailability and toxicity depend very much on its specification: trivalent compounds are more toxic and often more mobile than pen-tavalent compounds, while inorganic species are generally more toxic than organic ones. Local conditions, such as the redox potential, strongly influence its specification and thus potential bioavailability. The introduction to this work elucidates the key factors which potentially cause human exposure to arsenic: the geological setting of the study area, land and water use pat-terns, and the current state of research regarding the mobilization, bioavailability and plant uptake of arsenic. Although the study area is located in a region where the groundwater is known to be moderately contaminated by arsenic, the level of arsenic in the groundwater in the village had not previously been determined. In this study, water use in the village was examined by a survey among the farmers and by water analyses, which are present-ed in the following chapters. Four main water sources (rain, river, tube well and a pub-lic municipal waterworks) are used for the different daily activities; the highest risk to human health was found to be the bore well water, which is pumped from the shallow Holocene aquifer. The water from the bore wells is commonly used for cleaning and washing as well as to feed the animals and for food processing. Products like noodles and rice wine were examined as well as local pork and poultry. Vegetables from the gardens and rice plants from the surrounding paddy fields were sampled and ana-lyzed. All plants were found to have accumulated arsenic, leafy vegetables showing the highest arsenic concentrations. The results are discussed and compared, and conclusions are drawn in the last part. The reducing conditions in the paddy fields are likely to have a strong influence on arsenic uptake in rice plants and on transport to the aquifer. The installation of a wastewater treatment plant under the research project INHAND, which was funded by the BMBF German Ministry of Education and Research, led to lower arsenic concen-trations in the groundwater. Soaring industrialization, the growing population, and the consumers’ changing behav-ior will widely affect land and water use and hence the potential mobilization of arse-nic. In order to mitigate further human exposure to arsenic, wastewater needs to be treated and the reducing conditions in the rice fields need to be decreased by means of enhanced cultivation methods.:Abstract III Zusammenfassung V Acknowledgements VII Contents IX List of abbreviations XIII List of tables XVII 1 Scope of this work 1 2 Introduction 2 2.1 Geographical and geological setting of the study area 2 2.2 Hydrological situation 5 2.2.1 Surface water 5 2.2.2 Impact of human activities on surface water quality and distribution 6 2.2.3 Hydrogeology 7 2.3 Arsenic occurrence 7 2.3.1 Arsenic toxicity 8 2.3.2 Risk potential of arsenic in diet 10 2.4 Arsenic contamination in the groundwater resources of the Red River Delta 11 2.4.1 Occurrence and origin of arsenic in the Red River Delta 12 2.4.2 Mobilization processes 13 2.4.3 As mobilization in paddy fields 15 2.5 Arsenic occurrence in daily rural activities 16 2.5.1 Arsenic in soil 17 2.5.2 Arsenic in drinking water 19 2.5.3 Phytoaccumulation: Current state of research 20 2.5.4 Bioavailablity 22 2.5.5 Arsenic uptake in rice plants 23 2.5.6 Arsenic in meat and animal products 26 2.5.7 Arsenic uptake in golden apple snails 27 2.5.8 Processing: Wine and noodles 28 2.5.9 Arsenic concentrations in wastewater, activated sludge and digestate 29 2.6 Iron and manganese in the nutrient chain 30 2.7 Land and water use in the Red River Delta 31 2.7.1 Historical and political aspects of rural development in Vietnam 33 2.7.2 Craft villages in the Red River Delta 34 3 Materials and methods 36 3.1 Soil sample analyses 36 3.2 Well sampling 37 3.3 Wastewater and sludge analyses 37 3.4 Food analyses 38 3.5 Site visit and field observations 39 3.6 Questionnaire 39 4 Results 40 4.1 Soil samples 40 4.1.1 Total arsenic and total heavy metal concentrations 40 4.1.2 Sequential fractionation procedure 41 4.2 Arsenic in the water cycle in Dai Lam 43 4.2.1 Groundwater analyses 43 4.2.2 Water use in Dai Lam 47 4.2.3 Wastewater in Dai Lam 50 4.3 Arsenic in sewage sludge 51 4.4 Arsenic in manure samples 52 4.5 Arsenic in food samples 52 4.5.1 Rice 52 4.5.2 Arsenic in leaf vegetables 53 4.5.3 Arsenic in poultry products 56 4.5.4 Arsenic in pork samples 57 4.5.5 Arsenic in snails 57 4.6 Economic and demographic development potential 58 5 Discussion 61 5.1 Soil samples 61 5.2 Groundwater samples 62 5.2.1 High arsenic concentrations 62 5.2.2 Strong temporal and spatial variation 63 5.2.3 Weak correlation between measured parameters 69 5.3 Wastewater and sewage sludge 70 5.4 Pig manure 71 5.5 Daily exposure to As from dietary intake 71 5.6 Effects of land and water use on water quality and public health 76 5.7 Against the background of the transition economy 77 6 Conclusion 80 7 Perspectives (further work) 85 8 References 86 9 Annex 110

This thesis deals with the problems of values at two levels. The first level applies to level orientations of Czech and British society - a review of how much the liberal traditions and different degree of modernization affect on values of adult population with the aim of discover how much are the values unlike. The second level deals with the difference of values of adolescents in the country and in the town. On the level fo adults were discovered differences of values in the country and in the town, on the grounds of that was the goal of the second part do find out, if this difference applies on adolescents too due to the effect of environment. The first part is based on the analysis of up to now newest data of EVS of 2008, in the second part was performed a survey between two hundreds of eight-grade students of a elementary school. The survey affirmed the approximation of values in the country and in the town of Czech Republic to Great Britain in the young generation of 15 - 29 years. In the future is another approximation of values independent on place of residence and bigger approximation to modern western Europe expected. Keywords: values, value orientations, environment, town, country, leisure time, way of life, modernization

Rural areas continue to be home to the majority of the population in Africa. The importance of providing modern energy to rural areas cannot, therefore, be overemphasized.  No wonder that at presently the major energy resource in Mozambique is fuel wood biomass. Total population is estimated to be 25 million and more than 80% of the energy consumed in the country comes from fuel wood biomass. The energy from the main grid covers about 45.3% of Mozambican population which 26.8% comes from the National Grid and the remaining 18.5% from renewables and other sources. People outside the grid are mainly those living in rural and suburban areas. For most rural households in the region, biomass fuels continue to be the dominant fuel of choice. The present document suggests possible options that could have greater impact on rural clean energy development. Such options could be Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal energy, Wind and Micro- hydropower for pumping water or electricity generator and Biofuels. These energy options are receiving adequate attention from policy makers and are improving rural life. These are useful Renewable Energy sources available in the rural areas since they can supply reliable, relatively cost-effective electricity for basic needs in developing countries. They can be used to improve the lives of people in many ways, including supplying clean electricity to light homes, hospitals, schools, small shops, and other infrastructures, pumping water, etc. For example, using the natural resource of wind, sunlight, rivers and Jatropha plants can improve the lives of many people in general and those in rural areas in particular. This paper aims to describe and discuss the present status of renewable energy technologies in developing countries (case of Mozambique), to define the plausible ways for expanding rural electrification and improving the life conditions for the rural population.

Vertical village är ett tätt kvarter på östermalm med sammanlänkande trappor och gator som tar dig upp i stadsrummet, en förlängning av staden upp över takåsarna med vidsträckt utsikt. Längs din väg upp mellan gator och gränder nns liv och rörelse. För att skapa denna o-entlighet krävs en öppen byggnad med god förankring till marknivån men istället för ett traditionellt kvarter med o-entlig verksamhet i markplan valde jag att lyfta det o-entliga rummet över takåsarna med utblick över staden. Detta skulle bli ett o-entligt rum på Östermalm som man söker sig till på samma sätt som observatorielunden eller söders höjder. I mitt projekt har jag valt att arbeta med två skalor, den mindre som blir det o-entliga stadsrummet medan bostäder och kontor ger byggnaden sin höjd. Sett från staden ska byggnaden upplevas som en upphöjd fortsättning av gatan med en mindre skala som på ett spännande sätt bjuder in till detta stadsliv. Det o-entliga rummet blir som en hel servisyta i direkt anknytning till din bostad eller kontor och på så vis skapar ett naturligt liv för de verksamma på platsen men även ett öppet stadsrum som alla kan ta del av. Detta gör denna byggnad till en del av staden samtidigt som byggnaden själv blir en stad i staden. Jag ser på byggnaden som ett omprogrammerat kvarter men mer vertikalt än horisontellt, staden får istället bästa läge med utblick över hela Stockholm genom vertikala gator som klättrar upp i stadsrummet. Byggnaden består av vertikala hus för bostäder och i det mellanrummet som uppstår mellan husen bildas kontorsytor en delad programindelning i symbios med två garageplan och ett underliggande Plaza som ger byggnaden sitt podium. Garaget blir även en urban plats i staden som kan användas till mycket mer än bara parkering, det bildar ett torg i tre plan med en hel pelarskog som blir rumbildande

Title: Swimming level of pupils of urban basic schools and village basic schools Objectives: The aim of this work is to ewaluate the records of the monitored records of input and output values of the swimming level of children of younger school age in compulsory swimming lessons at primary school. The basic criterion for the assessment will be whether the children will complete swimming lessons as part of their education at a city school or a village school. The results will be monitored in children of different classes and boys and girls. Methods: In this work, I used a mixed type of research, in which I used both qualitative and quantitative research of this problem. The qualitative part of the work is based on the study of available literature, respectively the study of printed and electronic sources. The qualitative part is based on the examination of the material, teaching records from teachers at the swimming school Aquasvět Chomutov. Data obtained from these materials were analyzed using descriptions, graphs and tables. The researched data were collected during the school year 2018/2019. The evaluation of the documents took place in 2020. Results: The result shows that there is no significant difference between the performance of urban primary school pupils and rural primary school pupils....

Diploma thesis "Kopisty: why we had to leave!" refers to a village in Most district which has been destroyed and its people had to be evicted based on the plan of the mining industry. As the official reason for the liquidation has been mentioned the open-cast mine Ležáky. But, the thesis demonstrates, is not the only cause. The other causes of the liquidation are deep mines Jan Hus and Julius III. and expansion of sanitary zone of chemical plants. It has been proven by the investigation and it is stated in the thesis, all these factors had crucial influence on the village. The need of increased production has caused a slump of the houses and roads in Kopisty. It is surprising that, except Ležáky and chemical plants, there is no allusion to these reasons in the official plan of liquidation. The entire thesis is based on archival sources, research and oral history. The main goal is to precisely reconstruct the process of dismantling and demolition of the village. There is a documentary evidence that the phase from 1976-1981 was not the only one and that there were already demolition of buildings before. This is also confirmed by the fact that local people knew about the liquidation already in the sixties. I do not want to avoid even the up-to-date themes as are the reclamation of the city Most,...

Krippen, ein Stadtteil von Bad Schandau, war im August 2002 zur Hälfte überflutet. Nach der Flut begann, unter wissenschaftlicher Begleitung durch das LfULG, ein Planungsprozess, der für das Dorf Krippen in konkrete Projekte zum vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutz mündete: Untersuchungen zur Wasserrückhaltung und Erosionsvermeidung auf landwirtschaftlichen Flächen oberhalb der Gemeinde Krippen (Modellierung des Oberflächenwasserabflusses mit Abfluss- und Erosionsprognosen); Überarbeitung des Hochwasseralarm- und Einsatzplans; Verminderung und Rückbau der Versiegelung von Flächen; Hochwasserschutz bei Neubau und die Sanierung von Gebäuden und Anlagen (Spiel- und Sportplatz, Dorfgemeinschaftshaus, Abwasserpumpwerk, Bau des Flutgrabens); Umweltbildungsmaßnahmen für Einwohner und Touristen (u. a. Hochwassertour - eine Wanderung zum Thema: Leben am Fluss); Förderung des sanften Tourismus (FahrradBus, Radtourismus, Terrainkurwege).

The North American ski industry has grown over the past century from a small, family-owned and -operated industry, to a multi-billion dollar industry dominated by corporate management organizations. The rise of corporate resort ownership has led to the trend of the construction base village developments at ski resorts around the country to attract guests, and therefore revenue, to their resorts. Though many base villages have been very successful in attracting skiers, examples of poor landscape architectural design practices abound in the industry. This study examines several design elements considered to be the "fundamental elements of designed space," applies these elements to base village design throughout the country, critically examines their implementation in built examples, and presents suggestions and recommendations for future mountain resort base village design practices.