Early transition metal oxide clusters have been a focus of study for several years. The production of vanadium oxide cluster anions in a pulsed helium flow reactor provides a relatively precise way of introducing defect sites and controlling the oxidation state of the vanadium atoms. The composition of the clusters can be changed from the V2O5 stoichiometry, where the vanadium atom is in a +5 oxidation state, to more reduced stoichiometries yielding a mixture of oxidation states containing atoms in the +2 oxidation state. The subsequent addition of reactant gases such as H2O and SO2 yields very intense adsorption reactions as well as a demonstration of the robustness of particular defect free clusters. For example, the cluster has been identified as a defect free cluster where all vanadium atoms are in the +5 oxidation state and all oxygen atoms are predicted to be in the 2- state. The cluster has been shown to not adsorb SO2- while clusters in a reduced oxidation state, such as and readily adsorb one or more SO2 molecules. The adsorption process has been shown to be size dependent, with the smallest monovanadium oxide anions being the most reactive.

The new borophosphates described here were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions (170 oC or 220 oC). Powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction were employed to determine and refine the crystal structures. DTA-TG methods were used to analyze the thermal stability. High temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was applied to study the thermal behavior of products and identify the intermediate phase during the decomposition. Chemical analyses were performed to quantitatively determine the chemical composition. Magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated. 19F MAS NMR was used to check the number of fluorine positions in the crystal structure. The following compounds were prepared and characterized: (C2H10N2)[BPO4F2](C6H14N2){Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2]¡P(C6H13N2)Cl} (zndabcocl) (C3H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (DAP-Mn) and (C4H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (PIP-Mn) (C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]}(C3H12N2)2{VIII2VIV3B2P8O38H8} (dapvbpo) K3[B5PO10(OH)3](C2H10N2)[BPO4F2] is the first fluorine-substituted borophosphate and the first borophosphate with crystal structure closely related to the pyroxene type structure. Unbranched zweier single chain {[BPO4F2]2?} represents a new type of borophosphate partial structure. zndabcoclrepresents the first organo-templated zincoborophosphate. The structure contains diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (DABCO) which acts in its diprotonated form (H2DABCO)2+ as a pure template and in its monoprotonated form (HDABCO)+ as a ligand to Zn-positions at the borders of ribbons to complete structural motif. This compound is also the first example containing a quaternary Zn-tetrahedron (ZnO2NCl), and can formally be described as an adduct of (C6H14N2)Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2] with diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-hydrochloride. The thermal behavior of zndabcocl has been studied by HT-XRD and DTA-TG in the temperature range 25?600 oC. The new phase occurring during the decomposition has been identified as HT-NH4[ZnBP2O8].DAP-Mnand PIP-Mn contain identical framework interconnections but difference in the shape of resulting channels, which are due to the different shape of organic templates. The crystal structures are built from the same building units: loop-branched single chains are connected via MnO6-octahedra resulting in a 3-D structure with intersecting channel systems running along [100], [011] and [01], respectively. The different shape of the template controls the shape of the channels, especially channels running along [100], resulting in dramatic shape-differences. The linear (H2DAP)2+ ions make the channels more elongated, while the cyclic (H2PIP)2+ ions give rise to more regular shaped channels. The flexibility of frameworks may be due to the more flexible coordination of Mn-atoms (octahedron and square pyramid).(C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]} is a new borophosphate with 3-D framework structure, a large size of 10-ring channel (778 ¡Ñ 867 pm2) is occupied by organic templates. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show it to exhibit antiferromagnetic susceptibility at low temperature (TN ?l 14K).dapvbpois the first mixed-valency vanadium borophosphate with a new structure type. Its structure can be considered as an ?intergrowth? of puckered vanadium(III) borophosphate layer (VIIIBPO-layer) and planar vanadium(IV) phosphate layers (VIVPO-layer) stacked and interconnected alternately along [001], which results in a new and unusual building motif. The corner sharing trimers of vanadium octahedra are observed for the first time in vanadium borophosphates. K3[B5PO10(OH)3] has a double unit cell of a twin crystal structure having the same chemical formula. The double b-axis solves the disorder problem of two oxygen positions coordinated to phosphorous. It represents a much more reasonable structure determination.

The new borophosphates described here were synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions (170 oC or 220 oC). Powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction were employed to determine and refine the crystal structures. DTA-TG methods were used to analyze the thermal stability. High temperature powder X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) was applied to study the thermal behavior of products and identify the intermediate phase during the decomposition. Chemical analyses were performed to quantitatively determine the chemical composition. Magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated. 19F MAS NMR was used to check the number of fluorine positions in the crystal structure. The following compounds were prepared and characterized: (C2H10N2)[BPO4F2](C6H14N2){Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2]¡P(C6H13N2)Cl} (zndabcocl) (C3H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (DAP-Mn) and (C4H12N2){Mn[B2P3O12(OH)]} (PIP-Mn) (C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]}(C3H12N2)2{VIII2VIV3B2P8O38H8} (dapvbpo) K3[B5PO10(OH)3](C2H10N2)[BPO4F2] is the first fluorine-substituted borophosphate and the first borophosphate with crystal structure closely related to the pyroxene type structure. Unbranched zweier single chain {[BPO4F2]2?} represents a new type of borophosphate partial structure. zndabcoclrepresents the first organo-templated zincoborophosphate. The structure contains diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (DABCO) which acts in its diprotonated form (H2DABCO)2+ as a pure template and in its monoprotonated form (HDABCO)+ as a ligand to Zn-positions at the borders of ribbons to complete structural motif. This compound is also the first example containing a quaternary Zn-tetrahedron (ZnO2NCl), and can formally be described as an adduct of (C6H14N2)Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2] with diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-hydrochloride. The thermal behavior of zndabcocl has been studied by HT-XRD and DTA-TG in the temperature range 25?600 oC. The new phase occurring during the decomposition has been identified as HT-NH4[ZnBP2O8].DAP-Mnand PIP-Mn contain identical framework interconnections but difference in the shape of resulting channels, which are due to the different shape of organic templates. The crystal structures are built from the same building units: loop-branched single chains are connected via MnO6-octahedra resulting in a 3-D structure with intersecting channel systems running along [100], [011] and [01], respectively. The different shape of the template controls the shape of the channels, especially channels running along [100], resulting in dramatic shape-differences. The linear (H2DAP)2+ ions make the channels more elongated, while the cyclic (H2PIP)2+ ions give rise to more regular shaped channels. The flexibility of frameworks may be due to the more flexible coordination of Mn-atoms (octahedron and square pyramid).(C3H12N2){FeIII6(H2O)4[B4P8O32(OH)8]} is a new borophosphate with 3-D framework structure, a large size of 10-ring channel (778 ¡Ñ 867 pm2) is occupied by organic templates. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show it to exhibit antiferromagnetic susceptibility at low temperature (TN ?l 14K).dapvbpois the first mixed-valency vanadium borophosphate with a new structure type. Its structure can be considered as an ?intergrowth? of puckered vanadium(III) borophosphate layer (VIIIBPO-layer) and planar vanadium(IV) phosphate layers (VIVPO-layer) stacked and interconnected alternately along [001], which results in a new and unusual building motif. The corner sharing trimers of vanadium octahedra are observed for the first time in vanadium borophosphates. K3[B5PO10(OH)3] has a double unit cell of a twin crystal structure having the same chemical formula. The double b-axis solves the disorder problem of two oxygen positions coordinated to phosphorous. It represents a much more reasonable structure determination.

Ces travaux de thèse sur le fractionnement des produits pétrolier a pour but de mieux caractériser certaines espèces métalliques, principalement le Nickel et le Vanadium. Dans un premier temps, ils ont permis de démontrer que les composés contenant du V et Ni présents dans ces matrices complexes sont essentiellement concentrés dans les fractions les plus polaires, à savoir, les résines et les asphaltènes. En ce qui concerne les composés soufrés, on a constaté qu'ils se concentrent dans les fractions résines et les aromatiques. Il a également été constaté que la teneur en composés contenant du V et Ni qui précipite avec les asphaltènes est linéairement lié au paramètre de solubilité du solvant utilisé pour la précipitation. Et pour des solvants aux paramètres de solubilité proche de 16 MPa0.5, le pourcentage d’asphaltènes soluble est augmenté. On conclut que le pourcentage réel des asphaltènes présents dans un brut est égal au pourcentage d'asphaltènes insolubles, plus un pourcentage d’asphaltènes soluble. On a constaté que ces types d’asphaltènes ont une distribution de poids moléculaire similaire à celle des asphaltènes insolubles, et non un poids moléculaire plus faible. En ce qui concerne la distribution des poids moléculaires des composés du V présents dans les échantillons évalués, au moins trois grandes distributions de poids moléculaires ont été identifiées. Il s’agit des composés de « high molecular weight », « medium molecular weight » et « low molecular weight ». Sur ces distributions, nous trouvons que les composés contenant du V, Ni et S sont, dans les asphaltènes, prédominant dans la fraction HMW et sont caractéristiques des composés nanoagrégés. En ce qui concerne les composés de type MMW, ils ont été observés dans une plus grande proportion dans les maltènes. Il est à noter la présence de composés de type HMW avec les maltènes, ce qui pour les raisons exposées ci-dessus, peut être considérée comme une preuve incontournable de la présence d’asphaltènes soluble dans les maltènes. A propos des méthodes de séparation développées, il a été possible de séparer les différentes distributions de poids moléculaires initialement identifiées chez les maltènes et les asphaltènes. Pour les maltènes, il a été possible d’extraire les différents composés contenant du V et Ni en fonction de leur poids moléculaire HMW, LMW et MMW. Cette extraction a été réalisé en utilisant des extractions liquide-liquide des maltènes dissous dans de l'heptane avec de l’ACN pour extraire les composés à bas poids moléculaire, suivie par une extraction avec du DMF pour extraire des composés MMW. La fraction restante des maltènes est composés surtout de composés HMW.Pour les asphaltènes, 11 solvants ont été évalués pour l'extraction des composés contenant du V et du Ni. Le profil des composés extraits a permis de séparer jusqu'à 4 distributions différentes de poids moléculaire avec du ACN, de l’acétone et du DMF utilisés séquentiellement. En ce qui concerne les composés de HMW, la fraction insoluble après extraction au DMF a un poids moléculaire plus élevé que la fraction soluble. Pour l'influence de la concentration sur la présence des composés contenant du Ni et V de HMW, il a été démontré que même dilué 40.000 fois, une solution asphaltènes (à 25 mg / L) contient toujours des composés de HMW et donc des nanoaggregat d’asphaltènes. Quant à la caractérisation des fractions extraite, seule la fraction correspondant aux poids moléculaires faibles (LMW) a été étudiée. La détermination de la distribution du poids moléculaire par spectrométrie de masse FT ICR MS et la comparaison du chromatogramme par GPC ICP MS suggère que ces composés contenant du V et du Ni présent dans la fraction LMW sont des métalloporphyrines libre avec des structures brutes assez simples. Ces travaux vont permettre d’ouvrir la voie à une caractérisation plus approfondie des différentes fractions obtenus et ainsi de permettre une meilleure connaissance des pétroles lourds. / This PhD work were mainly dedicated to the fractionation of crude oil and petroleum products in order to better caracterize metals compounds (mainly V and Ni) in these complex matrices. It was determined that V and Ni compounds present in the crude oils and residues are concentrated mainly in their more polar fractions, that is to say, resins and asphaltenes. Concerning sulfur compounds, it was found that they are concentrate in the resins and aromatics fractions. All these results were similar to reported in the literature.It was also found the content of V and Ni compounds that precipitate together with the asphaltenes depends linearly of solubility parameter of solvent used for the precipitation of asphaltenes, so, for solvents with solubility parameters close to 16 MPa0.5, the percentage of asphaltene soluble increases. So it can be concluded the true percentage of asphaltenes present in the crude oil is equal to the percentage of insoluble asphaltenes plus the percentage of soluble asphaltenes. For this type of asphaltenes, it was found that they have a molecular weight distribution very similar to insoluble asphaltenes, and not a lower molecular weight, as originally thought (Speight and Mitchell, 1973).With respect to the distribution of molecular weights for the V compounds present in the samples evaluated, at least three molecular weight distributions were identified. Those were identified as compounds with high molecular weight (HMW), medium molecular weight (MMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) following the nomenclature previously reported in the literature. (Desprez et al., 2014).On these distributions, we has found that compounds of V, Ni and S with HMW predominate in the asphaltenes, which is characteristic of nanoaggregate compounds. With respect to the compounds with MMW, these were observed in a greater proportion in maltenes. It should be noted the presence of compounds with HMW in all maltenes evaluated, which for the reasons discussed above, can be considered an unavoidable evidence of the presence of soluble asphaltenes.With respect to the separation/extraction methods developed, it was possible to separate the different distributions of molecular weights initially identified in maltenes and asphaltenes. In the case of maltenes, for the first time in the literature it was possible to extract the various compounds of V and Ni present in these according to their molecular weight. For the separation in maltenes, liquid-liquid extractions on maltene dissolved in heptane were developed. So, with ACN, it has been possible to extract LMW compounds, while extractions with DMF allowed extracting MMW compounds, staying in the remaining maltene mostly compounds with HMW.For the asphaltene extraction, 11 solvents were evaluated. The study of profile obtained to each extract and remanent, allowed to pose a separation scheme that enabled to get up to 4 different molecular weight distributions. These were obtained with ACN, Acetone and DMF used sequentially. It is important to mention it was found that the insoluble fraction gotten with DMF had the highest molecular weight, even in comparison with the HMW asphaltenes soluble in DMF.With respect to the influence of the concentration on the aggregated compounds, it was found that this does not influence on the presence of compounds with HMW. Nanogregate were found in a solution of asphaltenes diluted 40,000 times (25 mg / L).Regarding the characterization of the extracted fractions, only the fraction corresponding to low molecular weights was studied. Determination of the molecular weight distribution by mass spectrometry and comparison of the GPC ICP MS chromatogram with a porphyrin standards, suggests that these V and Ni compounds present in LMW fraction has a structures quite simple. A deeper characterization will be presented in later work. / Se determinó que los compuestos de V y Ni presentes en los crudos y residuos evaluados se concentran principalmente en su fracciones más polares, es decir, resinas y asfaltenos. Con respecto a los compuestos de azufre, se encontró que los mismos se concentran en las resinas y aromáticos. Todos estos resultados fueron similares a lo reportado en la literatura. Igualmente se encontró que el contenido de compuestos de V y Ni que precipitan junto con los asfaltenos depende linealmente del parámetro de solubilidad del solvente usado para la precipitación de los asfaltenos, así para solventes con parámetros de solubilidad cercanos a 16 MPa0.5, el porcentaje de se asfalteno soluble incrementa, por lo que se puede concluir que el porcentaje verdadero de asfaltenos presente en el crudo es igual al porcentaje de asfaltenos insoluble más el porcentaje de asfaltenos solubles. Sobre este tipo de asfaltenos, se encontró que los mismos poseen una distribución de pesos moleculares muy similar a la de los asfaltenos insolubles, y no un peso molecular mucho menor, como se pensaba en un principio. Con respecto a la distribución de pesos moleculares para los compuestos de V presentes en las muestras evaluadas, se identificaron al menos tres grandes distribuciones de pesos moleculares. Las mismas se identificaron como compuestos con alto peso molecular o high molecular weight (HMW en inglés), medio peso molecular o medium molecular weight (MMW en inglés) y bajo peso molecular o low molecular weight (LMW por sus siglas en inglés) siguiendo la nomenclatura reportada previamente en la literatura. Sobre estas distribuciones, encontramos que en los asfaltenos predominan compuestos de V, Ni y S con HMW, el cual es característicos de compuestos agregados. Con respecto a los compuestos con MMW, estos fueron observados en mayor proporción en los maltenos. Es de hacer notar la presencia de compuestos con HMW en todos los maltenos evaluados, la cual por las razones antes expuestas, puede ser considerada una evidencia ineludible de la presencia de asfaltenos solubles. Con respecto a los métodos de separación desarrollados, fue posible la separación de las diferentes distribuciones de pesos moleculares inicialmente identificadas en los maltenos y asfaltenos. En el caso de los maltenos, por primera vez en la literatura fue posible separar los diversos compuestos de V y Ni en función de su peso molecular en HMW, MMW y LMW. La separación si hizo empleando extracciones líquido-líquido a maltenos disueltos en heptano con acetonitrilo para la extracción de compuestos con LMW, seguido de extracciones con dimetilformamida para la extracción de compuestos con MMW, quedando en el malteno remanente de la extracción, mayoritariamente compuestos con HMW. Para los asfaltenos, se evaluaron hasta 11 solventes en la extracción de compuestos de V y Ni. El perfil de los compuestos extraídos, permitió separar hasta 4 distribuciones de pesos moleculares diferentes con ACN, acetona y DMF usados secuencialmente. Con respecto a los compuestos con HMW, se encontró que la fracción insoluble con DMF presenta un mayor peso molecular que los asfaltenos con HMW solubles en estos. Con respecto a la influencia de la concentración en la determinación de compuestos con HMW la caracterización de los compuestos de V y Ni, los mismos fueron determinados aun en una solución de asfaltenos diluida 40.000 veces (25 mg/L). En lo referente a la caracterización de las fracciones separadas, solo fue estudiada inicialmente la fracción correspondiente a bajos pesos moleculares. En la misma, la determinación de la distribución de pesos moleculares por espectrometría de masa y la comparación en el cromatograma por GPC-ICP MS de estándares porfirínicos, sugiere que estos compuestos de V y Ni con LMW son metaloporfirinas simples presentes en el crudo con estructuras bastantes sencillas. Una caracterización más profunda será presentada en trabajo posteriores para esta y las demás fracciones.

Esta tese focaliza o desenvolvimento de sistemas nanoestruturados através da intercalação de espécies moleculares e supramoleculares em matrizes lamelares de xerogel de pentóxido de vanádio, visando sua utilização como interfaces em dispositivos sensoriais. Nela se explora principalmente as características dos sistemas supramoleculares, dando destaque ao fato de estarem intimamente relacionadas com a natureza das espécies neles presentes, bem como com o tipo de interação, organização e disposição das mesmas. Nesse contexto, são descritos trabalhos desenvolvidos com V2O5.H2O, o material base do projeto, em combinação com outros materiais, para gerar compósitos com potenciais aplicações na área de sensores. Nessa linha são apresentados principalmente os resultados obtidos para a intercalação de metaloporfirinas no pentóxido de vanádio. Também foi dedicada especial atenção à 4,5-diamino-2,6-dimercaptopirimidina (DADMcP), como espécie intercalante em matriz de pentóxido de vanádio, motivado pelas suas propriedades eletroquímicas interessantes para aplicações em baterias de alta densidade de carga. / Nanostructured systems based on the intercalation of molecular and supramolecular species into lamellar vanadium pentoxide xerogels are focused on this Thesis. The exciting characteristics of the supramolecular systems which are closely related to the nature, interaction and organization of the chemical species involved, have been exploited aiming their application in sensor devices. Special emphasis has been given to the research dealing with vanadium(V) oxide in combination with many other suitable species for generating composite materials exhibiting potential application for sensing purposes. Along this line, the results obtained from the intercalation of metalloporphyrins into the lamellar vanadium(V) oxide matrix have been discussed in great detail. Another system, consisting of 4,5-diamine-2,6-dimercaptopyrimidine (DADMcP) as the intercalating species in vanadium(V) oxide, has also been investigated, stimulated by its promising use in high charge density batteries.

Les pétroles utilisés en raffinage étant de plus en plus lourds et chargés en métaux et hétéroélements, il est d’une grande importance pour les activités de raffinage de connaître la spéciation de ces espèces au sein des produits pétroliers et leurs comportements durant les procédés de raffinage. Afin d’apporter des réponses à cette problématique des techniques de caractérisation élémentaire et moléculaire ont été utilisées notamment par ICP MS Haute Résolution et FT ICR MS respectivement. Ces techniques analytiques sont appliquées à différents échantillons pétroliers provenant parfois de procédés de raffinage et les informations obtenues au niveau élémentaire et moléculaire sont utilisées de manières complémentaires pour améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes se produisant au sein de nos échantillons durant les activités de raffinage. / The crude oils available for the refining industry are heavier and heavier and more concentrated in metals and heteroelements. It is thus of great importance to study the speciation of these species within the petroleum products and their behavior during the refining processes. To answer that problematic, elemental and molecular characterization techniques have been used, mainly High Resolution ICP MS and FT ICR MS for the elemental and molecular characterization respectively. The analytical techniques quoted are used for the analysis of several petroleum products sometimes originating from refining processes and the information obtained at the elemental and molecular level are combined to improve our understanding of the mechanisms occurring within our samples during refining activities.

Esta tese focaliza o desenvolvimento de sistemas nanoestruturados através da intercalação de espécies moleculares e supramoleculares em matrizes lamelares de xerogel de pentóxido de vanádio, visando sua utilização como interfaces em dispositivos sensoriais. Nela se explora principalmente as características dos sistemas supramoleculares, dando destaque ao fato de estarem intimamente relacionadas com a natureza das espécies neles presentes, bem como com o tipo de interação, organização e disposição das mesmas. Nesse contexto, são descritos trabalhos desenvolvidos com V2O5.H2O, o material base do projeto, em combinação com outros materiais, para gerar compósitos com potenciais aplicações na área de sensores. Nessa linha são apresentados principalmente os resultados obtidos para a intercalação de metaloporfirinas no pentóxido de vanádio. Também foi dedicada especial atenção à 4,5-diamino-2,6-dimercaptopirimidina (DADMcP), como espécie intercalante em matriz de pentóxido de vanádio, motivado pelas suas propriedades eletroquímicas interessantes para aplicações em baterias de alta densidade de carga. / Nanostructured systems based on the intercalation of molecular and supramolecular species into lamellar vanadium pentoxide xerogels are focused on this Thesis. The exciting characteristics of the supramolecular systems which are closely related to the nature, interaction and organization of the chemical species involved, have been exploited aiming their application in sensor devices. Special emphasis has been given to the research dealing with vanadium(V) oxide in combination with many other suitable species for generating composite materials exhibiting potential application for sensing purposes. Along this line, the results obtained from the intercalation of metalloporphyrins into the lamellar vanadium(V) oxide matrix have been discussed in great detail. Another system, consisting of 4,5-diamine-2,6-dimercaptopyrimidine (DADMcP) as the intercalating species in vanadium(V) oxide, has also been investigated, stimulated by its promising use in high charge density batteries.

Supercapacitors are important electrochemical energy storage devices for microelectronic and telecommunication systems, electric cars, and smart grids. However, the energy densities of existing supercapacitors are still inadequate for many applications. Vanadium oxides have been studied as viable supercapacitor alternatives, with varying results. Methods are often complicated or time-consuming, and electrode fabrication often includes carbon powder and binder. The objective of this work was to study the effect of processing conditions on specific capacitance of supercapacitors based on vanadium oxides coated on carbon fiber papers. This study was conducted to form easily-fabricated compounds of vanadium oxides which could offer promise as pseudocapacitor material, and to nucleate these compounds directly onto inexpensive carbon fiber without binder. The incipient wetness impregnation technique was used to fabricate the electrodes. Electrochemical performance of the resulting electrodes was tested in a Swagelok-type electrochemical two-electrode cell, and the electrodes were characterized by XRD and SEM. Interesting nanofeatures were formed and the vanadium oxides exhibited pseudocapacitance at a respectable level.

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In this dissertation we reported our experimental investigation of the magnetic properties of nine low-dimensional vanadium compounds. Two of these materials are completely new (Pb2V5O12 and Pb2VO(PO4)2) and were found during our search for new low-dimensional vanadium oxides. Among the other seven vanadium compounds studied, three were physically investigated for the first time (Sr2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 and SrZnVO(PO4)2). Two had hitherto only preliminary, and wrongly interpreted, susceptibility measurements reported in the literature (Sr2V3O9 and Ba2V3O9) while the remaining two (Li2VOSiO4 and Li2VOGeO4) were previously investigated in some detail but the interpretation of the data was controversial. We investigated the magnetic properties of these materials by means of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat (Cp(T)) measurements (as well as single crystal ESR measurements in the case of Sr2V3O9). We synthesized the samples necessary for our physical studies. That required a search of the optimal synthesis conditions for obtaining pure, high quality, polycrystalline samples. Single crystals of Sr2V3O9 and Pb2VO(PO4)2 were also successfully grown. Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2, SrZnVO(PO4)2, Li2VOSiO4 and Li2VOGeO4 were found to be experimental examples of frustrated square-lattice systems which are described by the J1-J2 model. We found that Li2VOSiO4 and Li2VOGeO4 posses a weakly frustrated antiferromagnetic square lattice while Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 and SrZnVO(PO4)2 form a more strongly frustrated ferromagnetic square lattice. Pb2V5O12 is structurally and compositionally related to the two dimensional A2+V4+nO2n+1 vanadates. Its structure consists of layers formed by edge- and corner-shared square VO5 pyramids. The basic structural units are plaquettes consisting of six corner-shared pyramids pointing in the same direction, which form a spin lattice of novel geometry. / In dieser Dissertation berichteten wir über unsere experimentelle Untersuchung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von neun Niedrigdimensionalen vanadiumverbindungen. Zwei dieser Materialien sind vollständig neu (Pb2VO12 und Pb2VO(PO4)2) und wurden während unserer Suche nach neuen Niedrigdimensionalen Vanadiumoxiden gefunden. Unter den anderen sieben studierten Vanadiumverbindungen, wurden drei physikalisch zum ersten Mal nachgeforscht (Sr2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 und SrZnVO(PO4)2). Zwei hatten bisher nur einleitendes, und falsch gedeutet, magnetische Susceptibilitaet Messungen, die in der Literatur berichtet wurden (Sr2V3O9 und Ba2V3O9) während die restlichen zwei (Li2VOSiO4 und Li2VOGeO4) vorher in irgendeinem Detail aber in der Deutung der Daten waren umstritten nachgeforscht wurden. Wir forschten die magnetischen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien mittels der magnetischen Susceptibilitaet und der spezifischen Waerme (Cp(T)) nach (sowie ESR-Messungen des einzelnen Kristalles im Fall von Sr2V3O9). Wir synthetisierten die Proben, die für unsere körperlichen Studien notwendig sind. Das erforderte eine Suche der optimalen Synthesezustände für das Erreichen der reinen, hohen Qualität, polykristalline Proben. Einzelne Kristalle von Sr2V3O9 und von Pb2VO(PO4)2 wurden auch erfolgreich gewachsen. Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2, SrZnVO(PO4)2, Li2VOSiO4 und Li2VOGeO4 werden gefunden, um experimentelle Beispiele der frustrierten Quadrat-Gittersysteme zu sein, die durch das J1-j2 model. Wir fanden daß posses Li2VOSiO4 und Li2VOGeO4 ein schwach frustriertes antiferromagnetische quadratisches Gitter, während Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 und SrZnVO(PO4)2 ein stärker frustriertes ferromagnetisches quadratisches Gitter bilden. Pb2V5O12 strukturell und zusammenhängt kreativ mit den zweidimensionalen vanadates A2+V4+nO2n+1 beschrieben werden. Seine Struktur besteht aus den Schichten, die durch Rand und Ecke-geteilte quadratische Pyramiden VO5 gebildet werden. Die grundlegenden strukturellen Maßeinheiten sind die plaquettes, die aus sechs Ecke-geteilten Pyramiden bestehen, die in die gleiche Richtung zeigen, die ein Drehbeschleunigunggitter von Romangeometrie bilden.