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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
251

Ferroelectricity in free niobium clusters

Moro, Ramiro Alfredo 01 December 2003 (has links)
No description available.
252

Experimental Investigation of New Low-Dimensional Spin Systems in Vanadium Oxides / Experimentelle Untersuchung von neuen niedrigdimensionalen Spinsystemen in Vanadium Oxiden

Kaul, Enrique Eduardo 07 October 2005 (has links) (PDF)
In this dissertation we reported our experimental investigation of the magnetic properties of nine low-dimensional vanadium compounds. Two of these materials are completely new (Pb2V5O12 and Pb2VO(PO4)2) and were found during our search for new low-dimensional vanadium oxides. Among the other seven vanadium compounds studied, three were physically investigated for the first time (Sr2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 and SrZnVO(PO4)2). Two had hitherto only preliminary, and wrongly interpreted, susceptibility measurements reported in the literature (Sr2V3O9 and Ba2V3O9) while the remaining two (Li2VOSiO4 and Li2VOGeO4) were previously investigated in some detail but the interpretation of the data was controversial. We investigated the magnetic properties of these materials by means of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat (Cp(T)) measurements (as well as single crystal ESR measurements in the case of Sr2V3O9). We synthesized the samples necessary for our physical studies. That required a search of the optimal synthesis conditions for obtaining pure, high quality, polycrystalline samples. Single crystals of Sr2V3O9 and Pb2VO(PO4)2 were also successfully grown. Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2, SrZnVO(PO4)2, Li2VOSiO4 and Li2VOGeO4 were found to be experimental examples of frustrated square-lattice systems which are described by the J1-J2 model. We found that Li2VOSiO4 and Li2VOGeO4 posses a weakly frustrated antiferromagnetic square lattice while Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 and SrZnVO(PO4)2 form a more strongly frustrated ferromagnetic square lattice. Pb2V5O12 is structurally and compositionally related to the two dimensional A2+V4+nO2n+1 vanadates. Its structure consists of layers formed by edge- and corner-shared square VO5 pyramids. The basic structural units are plaquettes consisting of six corner-shared pyramids pointing in the same direction, which form a spin lattice of novel geometry. / In dieser Dissertation berichteten wir über unsere experimentelle Untersuchung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von neun Niedrigdimensionalen vanadiumverbindungen. Zwei dieser Materialien sind vollständig neu (Pb2VO12 und Pb2VO(PO4)2) und wurden während unserer Suche nach neuen Niedrigdimensionalen Vanadiumoxiden gefunden. Unter den anderen sieben studierten Vanadiumverbindungen, wurden drei physikalisch zum ersten Mal nachgeforscht (Sr2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 und SrZnVO(PO4)2). Zwei hatten bisher nur einleitendes, und falsch gedeutet, magnetische Susceptibilitaet Messungen, die in der Literatur berichtet wurden (Sr2V3O9 und Ba2V3O9) während die restlichen zwei (Li2VOSiO4 und Li2VOGeO4) vorher in irgendeinem Detail aber in der Deutung der Daten waren umstritten nachgeforscht wurden. Wir forschten die magnetischen Eigenschaften dieser Materialien mittels der magnetischen Susceptibilitaet und der spezifischen Waerme (Cp(T)) nach (sowie ESR-Messungen des einzelnen Kristalles im Fall von Sr2V3O9). Wir synthetisierten die Proben, die für unsere körperlichen Studien notwendig sind. Das erforderte eine Suche der optimalen Synthesezustände für das Erreichen der reinen, hohen Qualität, polykristalline Proben. Einzelne Kristalle von Sr2V3O9 und von Pb2VO(PO4)2 wurden auch erfolgreich gewachsen. Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2, SrZnVO(PO4)2, Li2VOSiO4 und Li2VOGeO4 werden gefunden, um experimentelle Beispiele der frustrierten Quadrat-Gittersysteme zu sein, die durch das J1-j2 model. Wir fanden daß posses Li2VOSiO4 und Li2VOGeO4 ein schwach frustriertes antiferromagnetische quadratisches Gitter, während Pb2VO(PO4)2, BaZnVO(PO4)2 und SrZnVO(PO4)2 ein stärker frustriertes ferromagnetisches quadratisches Gitter bilden. Pb2V5O12 strukturell und zusammenhängt kreativ mit den zweidimensionalen vanadates A2+V4+nO2n+1 beschrieben werden. Seine Struktur besteht aus den Schichten, die durch Rand und Ecke-geteilte quadratische Pyramiden VO5 gebildet werden. Die grundlegenden strukturellen Maßeinheiten sind die plaquettes, die aus sechs Ecke-geteilten Pyramiden bestehen, die in die gleiche Richtung zeigen, die ein Drehbeschleunigunggitter von Romangeometrie bilden.
253

Films d’oxydes de vanadium thermochromes dopés aluminium obtenus après un recuit d’oxydation-cristallisation pour applications dans le solaire thermique / Thermochromic Al-doped vanadium dioxide thin films obtained after an oxidation crystallization annealing for solar thermal applications

Didelot, Aurélien 15 December 2017 (has links)
Ces travaux sont issus d’une thèse CIFRE et de la collaboration entre la société Viessmann Faulquemont et le laboratoire de recherche l’Institut Jean Lamour. Ayant pour objectif de fortement réduire les problèmes liés aux hautes températures de stagnation dans les panneaux solaires thermiques, nous présentons une nouvelle génération d’absorbeur solaire intelligent à base de dioxyde de vanadium. Le dioxyde de vanadium, noté VO2, est un matériau présentant une transition métal-isolant (MIT) à une température critique (Tc) de 68°C. Cette transition s’accompagne d’une modification de la structure cristallographique. Le VO2 se trouve sous une forme monoclinique VO2(M) à basse température, et sous une forme rutile VO2(R) à haute température. Ce changement de structure s’accompagne d’une forte modification des propriétés optiques. La synthèse de ces films est réalisée à partir d’une couche de vanadium métallique déposée par pulvérisation. Un recuit d’oxydation-cristallisation est ensuite effectué pour obtenir une couche d’environ 400 nm de dioxyde de vanadium. Afin d’optimiser et d’augmenter la variation d’émissivité (Δε), la température et la durée du recuit sont étudiées. Dans un second temps, un dopage aluminium est réalisé afin d’augmenter l’effet de la transition thermochrome. Après optimisation, le passage au niveau industriel est un succès et des prototypes de taille 1 sont réalisés à partir de la couche thermochrome et de la couche standard afin d’être comparés dans des conditions normales d’utilisation / This work is a CIFRE thesis between VIESSMANN Faulquemont SAS society and the laboratory Institut Jean Lamour. In order to strongly reduce the problems associated with high stagnation temperature, we present a new generation of solar absorbent layers based on a smart thermochromic vanadium dioxide thin film. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a material which exhibit a metal insulator transition (MIT) at a critical temperature of 68°C (Tc). The transition is accompanied by a change in crystallographic structure VO2(M), while a rutile-like structure VO2(R) is obtained at high temperature. This structural change induces a drastic modification of the optical properties. The synthesis of vanadium-based films is performed using magnetron sputtering. We proceed to a subsequent annealing in air to form crystalline films of about 400 nm thickness. In order to increase the thermochromic effect of our thin film (Δε) we study the temperature and duration of the annealing. In a second time we try to increase the emissivity switch between the low and high temperature phase by adding an aluminum doping. After optimization, scale up have been successfully done and the optimized parameters have been used to build a prototype of thermochromic selective layer that has been compared to the standard industrial solar absorber
254

Chemical effects in x-ray emission spectra of transition metal compounds

MAZZILLI, BARBARA P. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12889.pdf: 3125642 bytes, checksum: b56aa69cfba2da94049299248d6af43e (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IEA/T / University of London - Dept. of Chemistry
255

Utilização da sacarose no crescimento de filmes de óxidos de vanádio via spray-pirólise

Santos, Maria do Socorro de Andrade Neves 25 February 2014 (has links)
In this work, aqueous solutions were obtained by adding sucrose to produce thin films of oxides of vanadium via the spray pyrolysis technique. Solutions with different concentrations of vana-dium chloride and sucrose were prepared to study their influence on the structural, morpholog-ical and electrical properties of the films. All samples were analyzed using structural character-ization techniques (XRD), morphology (SEM) and electric (both ends). The results showed that it was possible to observe training phase V2O5 and V3O7, 200mM and the concentration of vanadium chloride was the condition that the synthesis had better crystallization of vanadium pentoxide. The results of electrical measurements, resistance versus temperature show that the deposited film has behavior of a semiconductor. The results also conclude that the band-gap model can describe the mechanism of conduction in successful films. / Neste trabalho, soluções aquosas foram obtidas com a adição de sacarose para produção de filmes finos de óxidos de vanádio via a técnica spray-pirolise. Soluções com diferentes concen-trações de cloreto de vanádio e sacarose foram preparadas para estudar sua influência nas pro-priedades estruturais, morfológicas e elétricas dos filmes. Todas as amostras foram analisadas utilizando técnicas de caracterização estrutural (DRX), morfológica (MEV) e elétrica (duas pontas). Os resultados mostraram que foi possível observar a formação das fases V2O5 e V3O7, e que a concentração 200mM de cloreto de vanádio foi a condição de síntese que melhor apre-sentou a cristalização do pentóxido de vanádio. Os resultados das medidas elétricas, resistência em função da temperatura mostram que os filmes depositados tem comportamento de um se-micondutor. Os resultados também concluem que o mecanismo de condução sucedido nos fil-mes pode ser descrito pelo modelo de bandgap.
256

Chemical effects in x-ray emission spectra of transition metal compounds

MAZZILLI, BARBARA P. 09 October 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12889.pdf: 3125642 bytes, checksum: b56aa69cfba2da94049299248d6af43e (MD5) / Tese (Doutoramento) / IEA/T / University of London - Dept. of Chemistry
257

Synthesis of strongly correlated oxides and investigation of their electrical and optical properties / Synthèse des oxydes fortement corrélés et recherche de leurs propriétés électroniques et optiques

Channam, Venkat Sunil Kumar 14 September 2017 (has links)
Les oxydes fortement corrélés sont largement étudiés pour l'hôte d'applications uniques, telles que la supraconductivité à haute température, la magnéto-résistance colossale, les commandes exotiques magnétiques, chargées et orbitales et les transitions isolant-métal. Les oxydes métalliques de transition qui forment la majorité des systèmes d'oxydes corrélés et des oxydes de vanadium, en particulier VO2 et V2O5, sont les deux systèmes les plus préférés parmi les chercheurs pour plusieurs applications. Dans cette thèse, la croissance et la caractérisation de VO2 et V2O5 sont discutées avec un accent particulier sur la propriété optique, en particulier les propriétés thermochromiques. Traditionnellement, le comportement SMT et l'infrarouge reflètent la zone de focalisation pour la recherche VO2 et c'est seulement jusqu'à récemment que la VO2 est traitée comme un système beaucoup plus complexe et a été étudiée comme un métamatériel naturellement désordonné très réactif près de la température de transition de phase où le matériau présente des matériaux semi-conducteurs et métalliques Coexistence de phase. Étant donné que chaque phase de VO2 a des propriétés optiques et électriques distinctes, elle contrôle l'étendue des transitions de phase par une modulation de température précise, permet d'exploiter le matériau pour de nouvelles propriétés, comme la modulation d'émissivité dans la région NIR et pour la création de motifs IR réversibles et réinscriptibles. Le V2O5 est traditionnellement considéré comme un matériau TCR élevé et considéré comme un matériau de choix pour une application allant de la catalyse, des capteurs de gaz aux batteries au lithium. Dans cette étude, nous nous concentrons sur les propriétés optiques du matériau, en particulier la nature thermochromique de la gamme visible des revêtements V2O5 synthétisés par recuit oxydatif des revêtements VOx développés par MOCVD. L'impact du dopage et de la production sélective de vacance d'oxygène sur la propriété thermochromique est discuté. / Strongly correlated oxides are studied widely for the host of unique applications, such as hightemperature superconductivity, colossal magneto resistance, exotic magnetic, charge and orbital ordering, and insulator-to-metal transitions. Transitional metal oxides which form the majority of the correlated oxide systems and oxides of Vanadium, especially VO2 and V2O5 are the two most favourite systems among researchers for several applications. In this thesis, the growth and characterization of VO2 and V2O5 are discussed along with a special focus on the optical property, especially thermochromic properties. Traditionally SMT behaviour and Infrared reflectively was the focus area for VO2 research, and its only until recently that VO2 is being treated as a much more complex system and investigated as highly responsive naturally disordered metamaterial near the phase transition temperature where the material exhibits semiconducting and metallic phase co-existence. Since each phase of VO2 has a distinct optical and electrical properties, controlling the extent of phase transitions by accurate temperature modulation, enables exploitation of the material for new properties like emissivity modulation in the NIR region and for creating IR visible reversible and rewritable patterns. V2O5 is traditionally seen as a high TCR material and regarded as material of choice for application ranging from catalysis, gas sensors to lithium batteries. In this study, however we focus on the optical properties of the material, especially the visible range thermochromic nature of V2O5 coatings synthesised by oxidative annealing of MOCVD grown VOx coatings. The impact of doping and selective oxygen vacancy generation on the thermochromic property are discussed.
258

Films minces intelligents à propriétés commandables pour des applications électriques et optiques avancées : dopage du dioxyde de vanadium / Smart thin films with controllable properties for advanced electronic and optical applications : doping of vanadium dioxide

Zaabi, Rafika 02 December 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse concerne l’étude de l’effet du dopage au chrome sur les propriétés structurales, électriques et optiques des films de dioxyde de vanadium. Ces films V(1-x)CrxO2 (x allant de 0 à 25%) de 110 nm d’épaisseur ont été déposés par dépôt par ablation laser (PLD) multicibles sur substrat saphir c. Ils ont été caractérisés grâce à des techniques d’analyse morphologique, structurale, électrique et optique. Les différentes phases présentes dans les films V(1-x)CrxO2 ont été identifiées par DRX, spectroscopie Raman et comparées au diagramme de phase du matériau massif. Les phases M1, M2 et M3, un mélange M2 + M3 et la phase R ont été identifiées. En revanche la phase M4 n’a pas été détectée pour des dopages supérieurs à 8%, montrant une réelle différence entre diagrammes de phase du matériau massif et des films. Le dopage au chrome a permis d’augmenter la température de transition isolant-métal de 68 à 102°C. En revanche, la dynamique de cette transition, déterminée par mesure de transmission optique ou par mesure de résistivité électrique, est souvent diminuée. Enfin, des dispositifs à deux terminaux à base de films V(1-x)CrxO2 ont été réalisés. Leurs caractérisations courant-tension montrent que le dopage au chrome influence fortement le seuil d’activation de la transition entre les états isolant et métallique. / This thesis presents a study of the effect of chromium doping on structural, electrical and optical properties of thin films of vanadium dioxide. These V(1-x)CrxO2 thin films (x from 0 to 25%) of 110 nm thick have been deposited on c sapphire substrate by multi target Pulsed Laser Deposition method. Their morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties have been studied. Different phases for V(1-x)CrxO2 have been identified by XRD and Raman analysis and compared to those of bulk material. M1, M2, M3, a mixture M2 + M3 and R phases are present. The M4 phase has not been detected for doping above 8%, showing a real difference between phase diagram of bulk and thin films. Chromium doping also increases the metal-insulator transition temperature from 68°C to 102°C. Moreover, the transition dynamics, determined using optical transmission and electrical resistivity measurements, decreases. Finally, two terminal switches based on V(1-x)CrxO2 thin films have been fabricated. Their current-voltage characterization showed that chromium doping affects the activation threshold voltage of the metal to insulator transition.
259

Sol-gel synthesis of vanadium phosphorous oxides for the partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride

Salazar, Juan Manuel January 1900 (has links)
Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Chemical Engineering / Keith L. Hohn / Vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) is traditionally manufactured from solid vanadium oxides by synthesizing VOHPO[4subscript][dot in middle of line]0.5H[2subscript]O (the precursor) followed by in-situ activation to produce (VO)[2subscript]P[2subscript]O[subscript]7 (the active phase). These catalysts considerably improve their performance when prepared as nanostructured materials and this study discusses an alternative synthesis method based on sol-gel techniques capable of producing nanostructured VPO. Vanadium(V) triisopropoxide oxide was reacted with ortho-phosphoric acid in tetrahydrofuran (THF). This procedure yielded a gel of VOPO[4subscript] with interlayer entrapped molecules. The gels were dried at high pressure in an autoclave with controlled excess and composition of THF-2-propanol mixtures. The surface area of the obtained materials was between 50 and 120 m[2superscript]/g. Alcohol produced by the alkoxide hydrolysis and incorporated along with the excess solvent reduced the vanadium during the drying step. Therefore, after the autoclave drying, the solid VOPO[4subscript] was converted to the precursor; and, non-agglomerated platelets were observed. Use of additional 2-propanol increased the amount of precursor in the powder but reduced its surface area and increased its crystallite size. In general, sol-gel prepared catalysts were significantly more selective than the traditionally prepared materials, and it is suggested that the small crystallite size obtained in the precursor influenced the crystallite size of the active phase increasing their selectivity towards maleic anhydride. The evaluation of these materials as catalysts for the partial oxidation of n-butane at 673 K under mixtures of 1.5% n-butane in air yielded selectivity of 40% at 50% conversion compared to 25% selectivity at similar level of conversion produced by the traditionally prepared catalysts. Variations in the catalytic performance are attributed to observed polymorphism in the activated materials, which is evidenced by remarkable differences in the intrinsic activity. All precursors and catalysts were characterized by IR, XRD, SEM and BET, and the products of the catalytic tests were analyzed by GC.
260

Influence d’éléments d’addition sur les transformations de la martensite revenue dans les aciers faiblement alliés / Effects of alloying elements on the tempering behaviour of a low alloyed steel

Hantcherli, Muriel 15 April 2010 (has links)
L’objectif de ce travail est d’optimiser la résistance au revenu d’un acier martensitique à 0,6% de carbone, faiblement allié en Cr, V, et Si/Al. Une série d’alliage modèle ternaire de haute pureté (Fe-C-X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) a été élaborée à l’EMSE par fusion en creuset froid.. L’étude du comportement des alliages a été réalisée au moyen d’une caractérisation fine de la précipitation (Diffraction RX, MEB-FEG, MET) complétée par des mesures dilatométriques. Le comportement des alliages modèles a été comparé à celui de l’alliage industriel. Le vanadium est responsable de deux effets : (i) les carbures de vanadium bloquent la croissance des grains au cours de l’austénitisation ; (ii) le vanadium dissous permet la précipitation d’une cémentite (V,Cr,Fe)3C à l’origine d’un pic de durcissement secondaire pour un revenu vers 550°C. Le silicium a un effet particulier : il stabilise la matrice martensitique et retarde la précipitation de la cémentite vers des températures de revenu plus élevées, augmentant ainsi la résistance au revenu. Cependant, le silicium se révèle nocif pour le procédé industriel de mise en forme utilisé. Deux nouveaux alliages ont alors été élaborés pour chercher un élément de substitution à l’aluminium : un alliage ou le silicium est remplacé par l’aluminium, et un alliage ou le silicium est absent. L’aluminium reste neutre dans l’alliage mais l’étude de ces deux nuances a permis de mettre en évidence la possibilité d’utiliser une nuance ne contenant pas de silicium mais présentant une résistance au revenu comparable a celle de la nuance industrielle, du fait de la présence conjointe du chrome et du vanadium. / The purpose of this work is to optimise the strength of a tempered martensitic medium C steel, containing low-level of Cr, V and Si/Al. A series of high purity "model" ternary alloys (Fe-C–X, X=Cr, V, Si, Al) was prepared (EMSE) by the cold crucible method. The initial structures of quenched alloys were optimised through appropriate austenitizing conditions. Analysis of alloys behaviour on tempering was performed through carbide precipitation characterisation (X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM), completed by hardness and dilatometric measurements. The behaviour of "model" alloys was compared to that of the industrial material.Vanadium addition is responsible for two effects: (i) vanadium carbides lock the grain growth during the austenitizing; (ii) dissolved vanadium promotes the precipitation of (V,Cr)3C, that is at the origin of a secondary hardening peak near 550°C. Silicon addition has an interesting effect, as it stabilises the martensitic matrix and increases the temperature of cementite precipitation. Therefore, a high value of hardness is conserved up to high tempering temperatures.Unfortunately, because of some noxious properties, the industrial process in concern excludes the presence of Si. That’s why two new model alloys have been prepared and tested, in which the silicon addition (i) was absent, or (ii) replaced by Al.Aluminium has been shown to be "neuter" vs tempering behaviour. Moreover, the interesting effect of secondary hardening (550°C) has been observed in both Si-free steels, showing that alloying with only Cr and V can be enough to get the expected behaviour of the studied steel.

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