International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 13-16, 1986 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / In most transmission channels, bandwidth is at a premium and an important attribute of any good digital signalling scheme is to optimally utilise the bandwidth for transmitting the information. The Data Compression System in this way plays a significant role in the transmission of picture data from any Remote Sensing Satellite by exploiting the statistical properties of the imagery. The data rate required for transmission to ground can be reduced by using suitable compression technique. A data compression algorithm has been developed for processing the images of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite. Sample LANDSAT imagery and also a reference photo are used for evaluating the performance of the system. The reconstructed images are obtained after compression for 1.5 bits per pixel and 2 bits per pixel as against the original of 7 bits per pixel. The technique used is uni-dimensional Hadamard Transform Technique. The Histograms are computed for various pictures which are used as samples. This paper describes the development of such a hardware and software system and also indicates how hardware can be adopted for a two dimensional Hadamard Transform Technique.

Damage to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), either by traumatic injury or disease, usually results in permanent sensory and/or motor deficits. Regeneration of neural circuits is limited both by the lack of growthpromoting molecules and by the presence of growth-inhibitory molecules in the mature brain and spinal cord. The research described here examines the therapeutic potential of viral vectors and neuronal transplants to reconstruct damaged neural pathways in the CNS. Experimental neural transplantation techniques often fall short of expectations because of limited transplant survival and insufficient neurite outgrowth to repair connections and induce behavioral recovery. These shortcomings are addressed in the current studies by virus-mediated expression of cell-specific neurotrophic and guidance molecules in the host brain prior to cell transplantation. The initial proof-of-principle studies show that viral vectors can be used to create axon-guidance pathways in the adult mammalian brain. With such pathways in place, subsequent transplantation of neurons leads to longdistance, targeted outgrowth of neurites. Application of this technique to a rat model of Parkinsons disease demonstrates that circuit reconstruction leads to functional recovery. For this study, rats were lesioned on one side of their brain with 6-hydroxydopamine to produce a hemiparkinsonian state. The motor deficit was confirmed by amphetamine-induced rotation testing and spontaneous motor asymmetry testing. The rats were then divided into experimental groups to receive lentivirus injections along a path between the substantia nigra (SN) and the striatum to express glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFR1), netrin-1 or green fluorescent protein (GFP, control). One group received combination injections of lenti-GDNF and lenti-GFR1. One week after virus injections, animals received transplants of embryonic midbrain dopaminergic neurons into their SNs. They were tested for motor asymmetry every two weeks for a total of eight weeks and then brain tissue was harvested for immunohistochemical analysis. Results demonstrate that virus-induced expression of GDNF and GFR1 supports growth of dopaminergic fibers from cells transplanted into the SN all the way to the striatum, and these animals have a significant reduction in both drug-induced and spontaneous motor asymmetry.

No description available.

Replication defective adenoviruses have emerged as promising vectors for delivery of vaccine antigens. The development of new vaccine vectors has recently focused on serotypes t, which the human population is less exposed in order to circumvent pre-existing anti vector immunity. This thesis describes the construction and optimisation of ChAdOX1, a new vector based on chimpanzee adenovirus Y2S, which has recently been manufactured to clinical grade for a Phase 1 human trial. Comparative immunogenicity studies between vectors of different serotype were performed in mice, with careful consideration of the infectious titer of vector preparations, since this parameter can confound studies based solely on viral particle estimation. Aft intramuscular administration, HAdV-S (Human adenovirus C) based vectors elicited superior transgene product specific T cell and antibody responses compared to a selection of chimpanzee adenovirus vectors (from Human adenovirus EJ including ChAdOX1. The construction of ChAdOXl in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BA C), enabled precise, and flexible modification of the genome by recombmation mediated genetic engineering. (recombmeering). Reverse genetics was performed to identify vector determinants of immunogenicity. Chimeric ChAdOXl vectors were created by replacement of native virus associated RNA (VA-RNA) and fiber sequences with the corresponding sequences from HAdV-5 Using these chimeric vectors, the importance of innate immunity and vector transduction in determining vector immunogenicity was investigated. Though the mechanisms responsible ultimately remain unclear, superior transgene product specific immune responses with HAdV-5 correlated with higher levels of transgene expression in vivo after vector administration. The current study has conclusively demonstrated that neither VA-RNA sequences, nor the fiber protein, are responsible for differences in immunogenicity between vectors, contrary to hypotheses based on previous studies.

Se por um lado as usinas hidrelétricas suprem as necessidades de energia do país, essas também são responsáveis pela proliferação de doenças cujos agentes são transmitidos, em sua grande maioria, por mosquitos que utilizam as áreas inundadas dessas usinas como criadouros. Pode-se observar tal cenário na UHE de Ourinhos, que está localizada no rio Paranapanema entre as cidades de Ourinhos, SP, e Jacarezinho, PR, onde foram definidas três estações de coleta usadas para a avaliação da dinâmica de população nos períodos pré e pós inundação do reservatório, a partir dos dados coletados descreveu-se as alterações ocorridas na população de culicídeos da UHE Ourinhos, diante dos impactos da inundação e calculou-se riqueza, dominância, diversidade e , IAEP e similaridade. Sendo que para captura de adultos utilizou-se armadilha de Shannon e aspirador à bateria, e para os imaturos conchas entomológicas em coleções de água estagnada. Entre as espécies de importância epidemiológica coletadas e identificadas temos: Aedes albopictus, Aedes scapularis, Anopheles albitarsis, Anopheles darlingi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus e Psorophora ferox. Destaca-se a redução do número de espécies no período pós enchimento, juntamente com a recolonização do nicho por novas espécies ou espécies antes raras, como exemplificado pelo surgimento do An. darlingi, e ascensão do An. albitarsis, espécies consideradas vetores primário e secundário da malária, no Brasil, respectivamente. Como conclusão, depreende-se que o lago formado pela represa de Ourinhos alterou a dinâmica de culicídeos do local, fato que pode representar menor contato desses hematófagos com a população no entorno do lago recém formado / If the hydroelectric power plants supply the needs of the country, they are also responsible for the proliferation of diseases whose pathogens are transferred, in most of time, by mosquitoes that using the flooded areas such as breeding. It can be observed this scenario in the HPP of Ourinhos, which is located on the Paranapanema river between the cities of Ourinhos, SP, and Jacarezinho, PR, where three stations were established to collect used for assessing the diversity of populations in the pre and post flooding of the reservoir from the data collected described the changes occurring in the population of Culicidae of Ourinhos HPP, before the impacts of flooding and it was estimated richness, dominance, and diversity, standardized index of abundance of species and similarity. Where to catch the adult was used the Shannons trap and vacuum, and for the immature forms \"entomological ladle\" in collections of stagnant water. Among the species of epidemiological importance have collected and identified: Aedes albopictus, Aedes scapularis, Anopheles albitarsis s.l, Anopheles darlingi, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Psorophora ferox. It is reducing the number of species in the period after filling, together with the recolonization of the niche for new species or rare species before, as exemplified by the emergence of Anopheles(Nys.) darlingi and Anopheles albitarsis s.l rise of species, as primary and secondary vectors malaria in Brazil, respectively. In conclusion, it appears that the lake formed by the dam of Ourinhos changed the diversity of the mosquitoes in site, which may represent less contact with the blood of people around the newly formed lake

Anopheles marajoara vem ganhando destaque como vetor potencial de Plasmodium nas regiões onde ocorre. Tal fato está relacionado aos avanços na taxonomia do Complexo Albitarsis e aos estudos direcionados ao conhecimento dos hábitos da espécie. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a comunidade Culicidae, destacando An. marajoara, em função da heterogeneidade ambiental da Ilha Comprida. Para tanto, foram utilizados indicadores de diversidade aplicados às comunidades culicídeas imaturas e adultas presentes na ilha. Foi analisada a atividade hematofágica da espécie, considerando-se as interações interespecíficas naquela comunidade. An. marajoara se mostrou uma das espécies dominantes, com acentuada antropofilia. A espécie foi encontrada em criadouros artificiais, o que denota expressiva valência ecológica. Observou-se deslocamento do pico de atividade hematofágica em relação às populações de An. albitarsis s.l. de outros estados e países, provavelmente como estratégia para evitar competição com outras espécies, permitindo sua coexistência. An. marajoara e outros Culicidae têm potencial como vetores de Plasmodium e arbovírus, respectivamente, na Ilha Comprida, dadas as características das espécies e da localidade / Anopheles marajoara has been gaining prominence as the main vector of Plasmodium in the regions where it occurs. This fact is related to advances in the taxonomy of the Albitarsis complex and studies directed to understand the habits of the species. The aim of this study was to characterize the Culicidae community, emphasizing Anopheles marajoara, according to the heterogeneity of Comprida Island. For this, diversity indicators were applied to immature and adult Culicidae communities in the island. The biting activity of the species was analyzed, considering the interspecific interactions in this community. Anopheles marajoara was one of the dominant species, with marked anthropophily. The species was found in artificial breeding places, which indicates significant ecological plasticity. There was displacement of the peak biting activity in comparison with populations of Anopheles albitarsis s.l. from other states and countries, probably as a strategy to avoid competition with other species, allowing their coexistence. Anopheles marajoara and other Culicidae are potential vectors of Plasmodium and arboviruses, respectively, in Comprida Island, given the characteristics of the species and of the locality

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A cada ano a dengue tem preocupado cada vez mais os países e levado os sistemas de vigilância da saúde, nas diversas esferas, a adotar várias medidas para o seu controle, tendo em vista a iminência de uma grande epidemia de febre hemorrágica no mundo. Os estudos epidemiológicos ajudam esses sistemas de vigilância a melhorar e direcionar as ações preventivas para o controle da doença. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar um estudo epidemiológico dos casos notificados e confirmados de dengue, a partir do banco de dados do SINAN, nos anos de 2000 a 2005 no Município de Guarulhos (SP). Para se analisar a ocorrência da doença segundo variáveis sócio-demográficas (sexo, raça, faixa etária e a densidade demográfica de cada bairro) foi realizada uma análise estatística onde se observou as diferenças entre os casos do banco de dados e os indivíduos da população do município para cada variável. Para a variável sexo, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as proporções para cada sexo na amostra e na população do município (P=0,28); para a variável raça, não foi observada diferença estatística significativa entre as proporções de indivíduos das raças parda e indígena (P>0,05), porém nas outras comparações entre as raças (branca, negra, amarela e ignorado), foram observadas diferenças estatísticas (P<0,05) em comparação com a população do Estado. Para as faixas etárias, não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas nas categorias de 15-19 anos, 20-24 anos, 25-29 anos, 55-59 anos, 60-64 anos e 70-74 anos (P>0,05) em relação às proporções nas faixas etárias correspondentes na população do município. Por outro lado, nas outras faixas etárias (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 30-34, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 75+ anos) foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (P<0,05). Procurou-se relacionar o número mensal de casos, ano a ano, tanto com o índice de Breteau quanto com os dados meteorológicos de precipitação total mensal e a temperatura média compensada mensal, porém foi observada uma baixa correlação estatística entre os casos da doença e este índice e entre os casos e a temperatura média compensada mensal e a precipitação total mensal. Também foi realizada uma análise da série histórica dos casos, onde foi possível observar o aumento de casos nos anos de 2002 e 2003. Na análise de sazonalidade foi observado que, nos meses de fevereiro a maio, o número de casos supera a média anual, ficando abaixo da média nos meses de junho a janeiro. Os casos foram distribuídos nos mapas georreferenciados por bairros e por ano de incidência e foi possível observar o processo de endemização da doença, com casos espalhados no município em todos os anos do estudo. / Dengue is a disease that concerns health authorities in many countries and the surveillance systems are adopting measures to control it, once a great epidemic of hemorrhagic fever is expected to occur. Epidemiologic studies help these surveillance systems to improve and to manage preventive actions to control the disease. The objective of this research was to carry out an epidemiologic study of notified and confirmed cases of dengue, from the database of SINAN, corresponding to the years from 2000 to 2005 in the City of Guarulhos (SP). To analyze the occurrence of the illness according to social-demographic variables (sex, race, age and demographic density of each district), a statistical analysis was performed, and, for each variable, the differences between the cases of the data base and the individuals of the population of the city were observed. For the variable \"sex\", statistically significant differences between the proportions for each sex in the data base and in the city population were not observed (P=0.28); for the variable \"race\", a statistically significant difference was not observed between the proportions of individuals of the races \"medium brown\" and \"indigenous\" (P>0.05), however in the other comparisons between races (\"white\", \"black color\", \" yellow\" and \"ignored\"), statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). For age, statistically significant differences were not observed in the categories of 15-19 years, 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years and 70-74 years (P>0.05) when compared with the corresponding age intervals in the city population. However, in the other age intervals (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, 30-34, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, 75+ years) statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). We assessed whether there was a relationship between the monthly number of cases, for each year, and the Breteau index, the meteorological data of monthly total precipitation and monthly compensated average temperature. Low correlation coefficients, however, were observed between the cases and the Breteau index and between the cases and the monthly compensated average temperature and the monthly total precipitation for each year. An analysis of the time series of cases was carried out, and it was possible to observe an increase in the number of cases in years 2002 and 2003. In the seasonal analysis it was observed that, from February to May, the number of cases surpasses the annual mean, and that the number of cases from June and January are below the mean. The cases were distributed in georeferenced maps by district and year of incidence and it was possible to observe the process of increasing endemicity of the illness, with cases spread throughout the city in every year of the study.

A partir de uma aplicação da Forma Canônica de Jordan, construímos uma base para o espaço atrator para operadores quânticos de dimensão finita. Essa base é formada pelos autoespaços correspondentes a autovalores de módulo 1. Com essa construção, descrevemos o comportamento da dinâmica assint otica dos operadores quânticos, obtendo assim, o resultado principal do texto. A dinâmica depende dos vetores duais, cuja definição não é feita a partir de uma forma explicita, mas por propriedades relacionadas ao traço. Investigando propriedades dos operadores estritamente positivos, definimos um produto interno que relaciona o produto interno de Hilbert-Schmidt com um operador estritamente positivo. Com isso, obtemos uma forma explícita para os vetores duais. / From an application of the Jordan Canonical Form, we construct a basis for the attractor space for quantum operations of nite dimension. This basis is formed by eigenspaces corresponding to eigenvalues of modulus 1. With this construction, we describe the behavior of the asymptotic dynamics of the quantum operations, thus obtaining the main result of the text. The dynamics depends on the dual vectors whose de nition is not made in an explicit form, but by properties related to the trace. Investigating the properties of strictly positive operators, we de ne an inner product that relates the Hilbert-Schmidt inner product with a strictly positive operator. Thus, we have an explicit form for the dual vectors.

Une transduction efficace des cellules souches hematopoïetiques est un préalable pour la thérapie génique des maladies génétiques comme la β‐thalassemie, l’Adrenoleucodystrophie et le Déficit Immunitaire Combiné Sévère. La petite molécule UM171 à été décrite comme étant une molécule capable de stimuler l’expansion in vitro des cellules souches hématopoïétiques humaines, permettant ainsi une plus large application des thérapies basées sur les cellules souches. Nous avons aussi conduit des études supplémetaires pour confirmer la capacité de UM171 à expandre les souches hématopoïétiques. Durant ce travail, nous avons découvert que UM171 pouvait aussi augmenter de maniére significative, l’efficience de la transduction lentivirale des cellules hématopoïetiques primitives dérivées de sang de cordon. En plus, nous avons montré que UM171 augmentait la transduction des cellules hématopoïeques ayant les phénotypes les plus immatures. Des études plus approfondies ont aussi révélé que UM171 pouvait aussi augmenter la transduction des cellules souches hématopoïétiques avec des lentivirus ayant diffèrent pseudotypes. Au total ces découvertes ont pour conséquence, une nette amélioration des protocoles d’expansion et de transduction des cellules souches hématopoïétiques à travers un meilleur rendement en cellules souches et des taux élevés de transfert de gène en utilisant des quantités réduites de particules virales / Efficient lentiviral gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells is a prerequisite for theultimate goal of gene therapy for a range of major genetic diseases such as β‐thalassemia, Adrenoleucodystrophy and severe combined immnodeficiency. The small molecule UM171 was recently described as having potent ability to stimulate ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells, another key to safer and wider application of stem cell mediated therapies. Here we have conducted additional studies to confirm the stem cell expansion properties of UM171 and in the course of this work discovered that it also has the ability to significantly enhance the efficiency of the lentiviral transduction of primitive hematopietic cells in human cord blood. Subsequent work confirmed that this enhancing effect extends importantly to the most primitive hematopoietic subset as assessed phenotypically and by functional readout in immunodeficient mouse xenografts. Further detailed characterization ofthis phenomenom revealed that UM171’s effects are manifest rapidly and extend to a range of lentiviral pseudotypes. Together these findingsprovide an avenue for improved protocols for hematopoietic stem cell transduction that achieve higher gene efficiency and stem cell recovery coupled with the potential for reduced viral titer requirements.