A economia mundial acompanha o avanço da ciência e da tecnologia, enquanto o preço do trabalho e dos recursos materiais tornam-se cada vez mais caros, forçando empresas a buscarem reduções em seus custos para, consequentemente, atingirem um maior nível de rentabilidade. Nesse contexto, as vending machines, além de serem caracterizadas pelo intenso grau de inovação tecnológica, possuem uma concepção importante no sentido de oferecerem menores custos de instalação e de mão de obra. No Brasil, a utilização de vending machines vem crescendo de maneira acelerada desde a década passada, especialmente junto a empresas fabricantes de produtos de conveniência, e essas máquinas tornam-se cada vez mais importantes, consolidando esse inovador sistema de distribuição. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa buscou compreender qual o papel das vending machines para empresas fabricantes de produtos de conveniência no Brasil enquanto membros do canal de distribuição. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo multicaso, sendo quatro o número de unidades de análise que concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Os resultados sugerem que os principais aspectos que compõem o papel das vending machines estão a relacionados à divulgação de marcas e à fidelização dos clientes, bem como à realização de novas vendas e à comercialização de produtos de maior valor agregado. / The global economy follows the advance of science and technology, while the price of labor and material resources become increasingly expensive, forcing companies to seek reductions in their costs, so, consequently, achieve higher levels of profitability. In this context, vending machines, besides being characterized by intense degree of technological innovation, have an important conception in order to offer lower installation costs and labor. In Brazil, the use of vending machines has been growing at an accelerated pace since the past decade, especially with the manufacturers of convenience products, and these machines become increasingly important, consolidating this innovative distribution system. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the role of vending machines for manufacturers of convenience products in Brazil as members of distribution channel. The method used was the multi case study, and four was the number of units of analysis which have agreed to participate in the research. The results suggest that the main aspects which make up the role of vending machines are related to the disclosure of brands and customer loyalty, as well as the implementation of new sales and the transaction of products with higher added value.

A economia mundial acompanha o avanço da ciência e da tecnologia, enquanto o preço do trabalho e dos recursos materiais tornam-se cada vez mais caros, forçando empresas a buscarem reduções em seus custos para, consequentemente, atingirem um maior nível de rentabilidade. Nesse contexto, as vending machines, além de serem caracterizadas pelo intenso grau de inovação tecnológica, possuem uma concepção importante no sentido de oferecerem menores custos de instalação e de mão de obra. No Brasil, a utilização de vending machines vem crescendo de maneira acelerada desde a década passada, especialmente junto a empresas fabricantes de produtos de conveniência, e essas máquinas tornam-se cada vez mais importantes, consolidando esse inovador sistema de distribuição. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa buscou compreender qual o papel das vending machines para empresas fabricantes de produtos de conveniência no Brasil enquanto membros do canal de distribuição. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo multicaso, sendo quatro o número de unidades de análise que concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Os resultados sugerem que os principais aspectos que compõem o papel das vending machines estão a relacionados à divulgação de marcas e à fidelização dos clientes, bem como à realização de novas vendas e à comercialização de produtos de maior valor agregado. / The global economy follows the advance of science and technology, while the price of labor and material resources become increasingly expensive, forcing companies to seek reductions in their costs, so, consequently, achieve higher levels of profitability. In this context, vending machines, besides being characterized by intense degree of technological innovation, have an important conception in order to offer lower installation costs and labor. In Brazil, the use of vending machines has been growing at an accelerated pace since the past decade, especially with the manufacturers of convenience products, and these machines become increasingly important, consolidating this innovative distribution system. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the role of vending machines for manufacturers of convenience products in Brazil as members of distribution channel. The method used was the multi case study, and four was the number of units of analysis which have agreed to participate in the research. The results suggest that the main aspects which make up the role of vending machines are related to the disclosure of brands and customer loyalty, as well as the implementation of new sales and the transaction of products with higher added value.

The Analysis of Logistic Distribution of Dispenser Net in Grocery at The Certain Company

A economia mundial acompanha o avanço da ciência e da tecnologia, enquanto o preço do trabalho e dos recursos materiais tornam-se cada vez mais caros, forçando empresas a buscarem reduções em seus custos para, consequentemente, atingirem um maior nível de rentabilidade. Nesse contexto, as vending machines, além de serem caracterizadas pelo intenso grau de inovação tecnológica, possuem uma concepção importante no sentido de oferecerem menores custos de instalação e de mão de obra. No Brasil, a utilização de vending machines vem crescendo de maneira acelerada desde a década passada, especialmente junto a empresas fabricantes de produtos de conveniência, e essas máquinas tornam-se cada vez mais importantes, consolidando esse inovador sistema de distribuição. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa buscou compreender qual o papel das vending machines para empresas fabricantes de produtos de conveniência no Brasil enquanto membros do canal de distribuição. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o estudo multicaso, sendo quatro o número de unidades de análise que concordaram em participar da pesquisa. Os resultados sugerem que os principais aspectos que compõem o papel das vending machines estão a relacionados à divulgação de marcas e à fidelização dos clientes, bem como à realização de novas vendas e à comercialização de produtos de maior valor agregado. / The global economy follows the advance of science and technology, while the price of labor and material resources become increasingly expensive, forcing companies to seek reductions in their costs, so, consequently, achieve higher levels of profitability. In this context, vending machines, besides being characterized by intense degree of technological innovation, have an important conception in order to offer lower installation costs and labor. In Brazil, the use of vending machines has been growing at an accelerated pace since the past decade, especially with the manufacturers of convenience products, and these machines become increasingly important, consolidating this innovative distribution system. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the role of vending machines for manufacturers of convenience products in Brazil as members of distribution channel. The method used was the multi case study, and four was the number of units of analysis which have agreed to participate in the research. The results suggest that the main aspects which make up the role of vending machines are related to the disclosure of brands and customer loyalty, as well as the implementation of new sales and the transaction of products with higher added value.

Objective: Many Canadian publicly funded recreation facilities have an obesogenic environment. Researchers recommend food and beverage policies to change these environments, however further research is needed to distinguish effective policy approaches. A promising, localized policy approach not yet well evidenced is the use of vending machine contracts with health stipulations to improve nutrition environments. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether a sample of Canadian publicly funded recreation facilities with healthy vending contracts had healthier vending machine nutrition profiles than those facilities with conventional contracts. A secondary research objective was to explore the additional influence of policy quality on the health profile of vending machines. Methods: This quantitative study used results from the baseline assessment done of the broader Eat, Play, Live (EPL) initiative. Vending machine audits and questionnaires were completed in participating publicly funded recreation facilities with vending machines (N=46). Vending product profiles were assessed using the Brand Name Food List which categorizes packaged foods according to the BC Guidelines for Vending in Public Buildings. Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in the health profile of vending products between facilities with healthy vending contracts and those without. Results: Facilities with healthy vending contracts had significantly healthier vending product profiles compared to facilities with conventional contracts. On average, significantly less availability of unhealthy (DNS) products represented these healthier profiles. Vending profiles did not significantly differ based on higher quality contract health stipulations although sample size limited conclusions about this. Conclusion: Facilities with health stipulated in their contract differed from those without health stipulations. This suggests that healthy vending contracts (even with relatively generic stipulations) may be supportive of improved nutrition environments. / Graduate / 2019-03-29

<p>Of every 10 workers in the world six work in the informal economy, while four out of every five organizations operate in the informal economy. An important sector in the informal economy is street food vending. Street food vendors not only earn their own living but provide a service to the market by making affordable food available quickly to the participants of the street market. While their role in the developing economies cannot be overlooked, not a lot has been known about them. This thesis explores street food vending in Afghanistan and Nigeria. Nigeria is used as an example for the rest of West Africa. In this thesis we will find out what crops are predominantly used by street food vendors, what are the impacts of price volatility on the profitability of street food vendors, are the vendors profitable, and how they make decisions under risk. We will be using tornado graphs, as well histograms, and cumulative density function to determine profitability and risk for street food vendors. We will also be using decision making trees to visualize how decisions are made by street food vendors.</p><p> </p>

Recent advancements in social networking and technology, and the increasing popularity of “gourmet” food trucks, have brought renewed attention to mobile food vending. Research indicates that vendors can provide inexpensive food to city dwellers and have a positive impact on the vibrancy of public spaces. The recent popularity of vendors, however, has fueled ongoing debates over public space use and regulation. Municipalities are looking to craft policies to appease community members with a range of opinions on the acceptability of vending on public streets. This thesis uses the case study of Los Angeles to attempt to answer the research question: What are the relationships among policies on food vendors, food vendors, and the public’s use and perception of urban space? The study triangulates information gathered from public space user surveys, behavior mapping and observation, in-depth interviews, and archival research to address this research question. Findings indicate that vending can contribute to vibrancy and activity in public spaces, and public space users generally perceive vendors positively. Findings of the research also suggest, however, that some public spaces do not provide adequate amenities for food truck customers and public space users. These, and other findings, are used to inform the policy and planning recommendations presented in this study.

Concern for children’s safety and protection has become a global issue and has evoked considerable debate since the publication of the United Nations’ widely ratified Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1989. A dominant theme within this charter and within the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) is the recognition that children are individuals with rights that need to be respected and protected. More specifically, Article 32 of the UNCRC states that children should be protected from ‘economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development’. Nigeria has signed and ratified both the UNCRC and the African Charter and has committed itself to ensuring the welfare and protection of its children. This thesis examines children’s work experiences and their interpretations of these against the backdrop of the provisions of the UNCRC and the African charter. The study sets out to explore the meanings of work for itinerant street vending children and young people in Enugu, Nigeria and is based on a combined ethnographic methodology of participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 24 child vendors in marketplaces over a period of six months. It will be argued that contemporary ideas about children’s work are framed by Euro-centric, adult perceptions and definitions of what they think working children are doing, and that the imposition of Western constructions of childhood does not reflect the lived realities of children. Discussions with children revealed, among other things, a contradiction and ambivalence in their understandings of work in relation to vending and an interplay of complex environmental, cultural and poverty factors. In children’s views, taking responsibilities in activities that add positive values to their personal development and to the continued survival of their families was part of their childhood. Whilst street based observations of the markets revealed some fundamental dangers and problems with street vending, especially the reality of physical, social and emotional abuse, these young children have developed robust coping mechanisms and social networks which reflect a blend of definitional adjustments, rationalisation and social bonding and which reveal inadequacies in the enforcement of child protection policies. The tension between these risks and the importance of vending in the lives of the children is discussed. The role and type of work are further examined against dominant cultural values and socio economic realities in Nigeria in an attempt to fully explain the phenomenon of children’s work in this milieu. This study concludes that children’s participation in vending, while at times both ‘hazardous’ and ‘harmful’, is a fact of life and a way of life for children growing up in Nigeria, an integral part of their childhood activity, and a realistic preparation for their future lives and careers. It is argued that this raises important challenges not only to the children’s rights agenda, but also to social welfare agencies which seek to provide support to children and young people in developing countries such as Nigeria.

En la actualidad hablar del autoservicio y la forma automatizada de realizar las compras en algunos puntos a través de máquinas dispensadoras es algo que está revolucionando al mundo. El giro principal es realizar una venta sin necesidad de contratar personal que se encargue de realizar la gestión de cobranza ni entregar el producto a consumir en un autoservicio. De forma periódica, un personal se encarga de la reposición de los productos y de recoger el dinero en forma de monedas o, menos habitualmente, billetes. Por los motivos expuestos, nuestro trabajo propone un modelo de negocio que está basado en brindar soluciones prácticas a mujeres social y laboralmente activas, innovando en presentarles un servicio como MAQ LADYS, con el cual ellas puedan utilizar las máquinas dispensadoras con productos de principal necesidad en su día a día, que las saquen de algún apuro, o que les sirva para probar algún producto de reciente lanzamiento, como son los productos de maquillaje. Una de las principales ventajas de las MAQ LADYS es el fácil uso y la disponibilidad de horarios más amplios en comparación a la venta tradicional, además de tener una amplia cobertura en todo lima metropolitana y también el aporte de la tecnología para poder brindar información de los productos y socios estratégicos a través de un código QR que facilitará, el uso de la misma. / Nowadays, talking about self-service and the automated way of shopping at some points through dispensing machines is something that is revolutionizing the world. The main purpose is to make a sale without hiring personnel who are responsible for carrying out collection management or deliver the product to be consumed in a self-service. Periodically, a staff is responsible for replacing the products and collecting the money in the form of coins or, less commonly, bills. For above reasons, our work proposes a business model that is based on providing practical solutions to socially and occupationally active women, innovating in presenting them with a service like MAQ LADYS, which they can use the dispensing machines with products of main need in their day to day, to take them out of a hurry, or to use them to try a product recently launched, such as makeup products. One of the main advantages of the MAQ LADYS is the easy use and availability of longer hours compared to traditional sales, as well as having a wide coverage in all metropolitan Lima and also the contribution of technology to provide information of the products and strategic partners through a QR code that will facilitate the use of it. / Trabajo de investigación

Zur Ermittlung der Akzeptanz und ihres prädiktiven Wertes für den Verzehr von Lebensmitteln bzw. Getränken, sind Beliebtheitsprüfungen mit Konsumenten unter standardisierten Bedingungen im Sensoriklabor üblich. Die prädiktive Aussagekraft dieser Laboruntersuchungen wird jedoch durch folgende Aspekte eingeschränkt: <br /> (1) Der situative Kontext wird ausgeschaltet, d.h. die Verzehrssituation, in der ein Produkt üblicherweise konsumiert wird, ist im Labor bewusst eliminiert und das zu bewertende Produkt wird nicht in einer kompletten Mahlzeit dargeboten<br /> (2) Der Produktkontakt im Labor ist im Gegensatz zu der anhaltenden Konfrontation unter alltäglichen Bedingungen nur kurzfristig, was Langzeitaussagen bzw. Dauerpräferenzen nicht zuläßt; <br /> (3) Im Labortest ist die freie Auswahl auf eine geringe Anzahl angebotener Produkte beschränkt.<br /> <br /> In dieser Arbeit soll daher die Frage beantwortet werden, welchen prädiktiven Wert sensorische Beliebtheitsuntersuchungen im Labor für Lebensmittelakzeptanz und -verzehr unter Alltagssituationen haben. Dies wird für verschiedene Altersgruppen gezeigt, die frei in ihrer Entscheidungsfindung sind. Dazu gaben 56 Studenten (23,1&#177;3,7 Jahre) und zwei Seniorengruppen, zum einen aus einer Begegnungsstätte (20 Probanden; 75,6&#177;8,1 Jahre) und zum anderen aus dem betreuten Wohnen (14 Probanden; 76,1&#177;12,5 Jahre), in einer ersten Laboruntersuchung Beliebtheitsbewertungen (Akzeptanz und Rangordnungsprüfung) zu 6 Erfrischungsgetränken ab. Anschließend folgte ein mindestens vierwöchiger Zeitraum, in denen die Probanden aus einem speziell für die Studie konzipierten Automaten Getränke in Einrichtungen der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung entnehmen konnten. Die Entnahme war via Chipkarte ad libitum möglich. Computergestützt wurden dabei individuelle Getränkewahl, Menge und Entnahmezeit aufgezeichnet. Unmittelbar nach der Automatenphase wurde eine erneute Laboruntersuchung durchgeführt. In allen Untersuchungsphasen wurden dieselben Erfrischungsgetränke aus Konzentrat, variiert in Apfel- oder Orangensaftgeschmack, ohne oder mit Zusatz von Zucker (20g/l) und Kohlensäure (4 g/l CO2), angeboten. Eine Quntitativ Deskriptive Analyse bestätigte unterschiedliche Profile bei den Produkten, so dass von sensorisch wahrnehmbaren Unterschieden zwischen den Produkten ausgegangen werden konnte. Die Probanden bekamen zu keiner Zeit Informationen über die exakte Zusammensetzung der Getränke. Sowohl in der Laborbewertung als auch nach Getränkekonsum via Automat, fanden sich unterschiede zwischen den Altersgruppen. <br /> <br /> In der Akzeptanzprüfung bewerteten Studenten die Apfelvarianten besser als die Orangenvarianten.<br /> Senioren, die insgesamt höhere Akzeptanzwerte vergaben, bewerteten alle Getränke in fast allen Attributen gleichermaßen gut. Nach der 4-wöchigen Automatenphase hatte sich die Akzeptanz der sechs Getränke nicht wesentlich geändert. <br /> Auch in beiden Rangordnungsprüfungen waren bei den Studenten &bdquo;Apfel&ldquo; und &bdquo;Apfel mit Kohlensäure&ldquo; auf den ersten Plätzen, &bdquo;Orange mit Zuckerzusatz&ldquo; auf dem letzten Platz. Nach Adjustierung auf die individuelle Trinkmenge (in Wenig-, Mittel- Vieltrinker) und wurde &bdquo;Apfel mit Kohlensäure&ldquo; in der Automatenphase von den Studenten am meisten getrunken. In der Vieltrinkergruppe wurde &bdquo;Orange mit Zuckerzusatz&ldquo; deutlich vernachlässigt. Der Automatenkonsum der Studenten bestätigte damit im Wesentlichen die Ergebnisse der Beliebtheitsprüfung im Labor.<br /> Bei den Senioren waren in der Rangordnungsprüfung, die eine Lieblingsreihenfolge erzwang, alle süßeren Getränke (mit Zuckerzusatz) auf den ersten Plätzen. In der Automatenphase wurden jedoch viele Getränke ohne Zuckerzusatz bevorzugt. Dies zeigte sich sowohl in der individuellen Präferenz, als auch im Gesamtkonsum. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse kann der prädiktive Wert von Laboruntersuchungen mit Senioren in Bezug auf die Auswahl und den Konsum unter alltäglichen Bedingungen als gering beurteilt werden. Die Getränke mit der individuell höchsten Laborpräferenz wurden unter Alltagsumgebung in der Gemeinschaftsverpflegung in deutlich geringeren Umfang als erwartet verzehrt. In der Vergleichsgruppe der Studenten ist die Übereinstimmung größer(p<0,05). <br /> <br /> In Häufigkeitsfragebögen vor und nach der Automatenphase wurde das Trinkverhalten speziell von kohlensäurehaltigen Getränken erfragt. Der Anteil von kohlensäurehaltigen Getränken ist sehr variabel, und kann tagesabhängig von einem geringen bis zum Hauptanteil ausmachen. Senioren tranken von den Automatengetränken weniger kohlensäurehaltige Getränke als Studenten(p<0,001). Trotzdem zeigte nur eine Minderheit einen völligen Verzicht, wie sich durch Fragebogen und auch Automatenkonsum ermitteln ließ.<br /> <br /> Die Verwendung eines computergestützten Getränkeautomaten bietet eine neue Möglichkeit, die Langzeitpräferenz und den tatsächlichen Konsum unter gewohnten Alltagsbedingungen und bei freier Produktauswahl zu ermitteln. Selbst bei Altersgruppen, die mit Laboruntersuchungen überfordert sind, können Vorlieben untersucht werden. / Background: For predicting consumption of food products consumer acceptance is usually measured by using hedonic scales in the sensory lab. However, the predictive value of such results is limited by different facts: (1) the real life context is missing, e.g. the tested product is not integrated into a meal, (2) only short confrontation with the product in lab in contrast to long-term exposure in the real life. Therefore, methods are needed which give a more reliable estimate of long-term preference and consumption. <br /> <br /> Objective: To develop and to validate an automatic device to estimate the long-term acceptance of beverages in young and elderly people.<br /> <br /> Methods: A new computerized vending machine was designed and established. The device is able to deliver 6 different types of beverages and can be placed in any public room. Study participants, after identifying themselves by a chip card, are free to select any quality and quantity of the offered beverages. The individual consumption data is registered. For comparing these consumption data with hedonic lab measurements a total of 56 students (mean age 23,1) and 34 seniors (mean age 76.1) were recruited for a 3-step experiment. In the first step they visited the sensory lab and rated on a 7 point hedonic scale and afterwards ranked 2 orange and 4 apple juices modified in their sugar and carbon dioxide content. In the second step the computerized vending machine was placed in a location, where the subjects usually eat, i.e. a university canteen or senior club or an assisted living home for seniors. Subjects were offered the same beverages as in lab test. The machine registered the individual choice and consumption (amount, time). In the third step the lab test was repeated.<br /> <br /> Results: In seniors the lab acceptance test with similar products has no discriminatory power. The ranking test reveals to be more reliable for elderly people. Moreover, seniors prefer sweeter products in the lab. This is not found among younger people. The lab measurements with seniors are low in their value concerning their real life choice and intake via the device. The correlation coefficient between lab ranking and beverage choice was lower for seniors than students (p< 0.05). There was no difference between young and elderly people in the ability to handle the device. In general, students prefer more carbonated beverages than seniors(p<0.001) <br /> <br /> Conclusion: The results obtained by the new device give better information on long-term beverage consumptions than preference measurements in the lab.