L'action publique locale dans les métropoles. Le cas de la gestion du commerce de rue à Mexico et Lima. Alors que la gouvernance métropolitaine fait l'objet de nombreux travaux en sciences sociales, les gouvernements locaux infra-métropolitains sont moins étudiés. Or, ils continuent d'être les acteurs principaux de la régulation des espaces urbains. Ils agissent de manière autonome sur leur territoire tout en étant dans une situation d'inter-territorialité spécifique au milieu urbain. L'analyse comparative de la gestion du commerce de rue à Mexico et Lima montre la mise en œuvre de l'action publique dans les territoires administratifs des métropoles. Elle distingue les centres historiques - vitrines et laboratoires des autorités régionales - des territoires municipaux où les politiques oscillent entre imitation, innovation et inertie. De plus, elle révèle une palette de processus et interactions horizontales et verticales entre les actions publiques des différentes autorités, alimentant le débat sur la fragmentation urbaine / Local public action in the metropolis. Case study of street vending policies in Mexico City and Lima. While metropolitan governance is the subject of much research in social sciences, local and infra-metropolitan governments have been studied less. However, they are still the main actors of urban space regulation. They act autonomously in their territories and are simultaneously in a situation of inter-territoriality specific to the urban environment. The comparative analysis of street vending policies in Mexico City and Lima displays the implementation of local public action in the administrative territories of the metropolis. It distinguishes historical centres –the showcases and laboratories of regional authorities– from municipal territories where the policies fluctuate between imitation, innovation and inertia. Likewise, the analysis contributes to the debate on urban fragmentation by revealing a range of horizontal and vertical interactions and processes between the public actions of the different authorities

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Arlo Biere / This thesis is the plan used to outline a business plan for a prospective business, TASTE ST LOUIS. While working toward my MAB Degree, I realized there were many things I could implement from the program into the business that would help this new business venture to succeed. I was able to research the food service industry to gain a better understanding of how to market and plan for the success of this venture. After I started the research on this business venture, I soon found that we needed a business plan that would answer many questions we had regarding the success of our business. The first part of the thesis is a brief summary of the food service businesses in St. Louis and the geographic analysis that became the deciding factor in locations. The second part of the thesis is an explanation of TASTE ST LOUIS. This section gives the history of the business and explains the development and start-up. The third portion, of the thesis is the small- business plan and pro forma financial statements.

Cinco hipóteses explicam a permanência do trabalho informal nos espaços públicos do Centro de São Paulo como ocupação precária e vulnerável: 1- Incapacidade estrutural do mercado de trabalho formal de absorção de mão-de-obra: informalidade como processo mundial e exceção permanente no formato do capitalismo brasileiro; 2- Desconhecimento do comércio informal de rua como produção do espaço urbano: modificação de atributos espaciais: valorização, competição, posse, etc.); 3- Exploração oportunista da clandestinidade dos trabalhadores na forma de corrupção e clientelismo; 4- Marketing urbano e Segregação Espacial: articulação entre as elites locais, Poder Público e agências multilaterais no intuito de promover a revitalização do perímetro estudado, expulsam ou isolam sistematicamente os trabalhadores de rua; 5- Inoperância das políticas públicas: o conhecimento insuficiente ou parcial do comércio de rua resulta na formulação de políticas públicas descoladas da realidade e, portanto, inoperantes. A partir dessas hipóteses,foi possível pensar parâmetros para políticas públicas que superem a polarização entre intolerância e permissividade em relação à atividade. / Five hypotheses explain streetvending in downtown Sao Paulo as a precarious and a vulnerable occupation: 1- Structural impermeability of formal labor market: informal sector as a global process, and as a permanent exception in brazilian capitalism; 2- Lack of awareness of streetvending as a production of urban space: transformation of spatial attributes - profit, competitiveness, ownership, etc.; 3- Opportunist exploitation over clandestine street vendors: corruption and patronage; 4- Urban marketing strategies and Spatial segregation: partnership among government, ruling elite and multi-lateral financial agencies in order to improve urban renewal, frequently isolate and gentrify against street vendors; 5- Innefective public policies - lack of understanding of streetvending results in unlikely public policies. Assuming these hypotheses, this research built public policies directions in order to overcome contradiction between intolerance and permissiveness.

In cities around the world, public water systems have increasingly come to be operated by private companies. Along with an internationally funded investment program to refurbish the dilapidated water infrastructure, private operations were tested also in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Only about a third of the households, however, are reached by the piped water system there; most households purchase water from those with pipe-connections or private boreholes. Thus, water distribution was informally privatized by way of water vending long before formal private sector participation began. This thesis explores individual and collective endeavors in water development, distribution, and access, along with the global and local influences that shaped the privatization exercise. With regard to the lease of Dar es Salaam’s water system, the institutional set-up has been found to mix the British and French models, having influenced the local situation through development assistance and conditionalities tied to loans. The institutional contradictions may have contributed to the conflictive cancellation of the lease arrangement. Due to the public utility company’s lack of operating capital and investment planning, infrastructure development has responded mainly to immediate individual demands, resulting in a spaghetti-like network and structural leakage. The long-standing under-performance and low coverage of the piped water system have forced many people to devise their own ways to access water. This thesis argues that the individually-devised artisan ways of water provisioning constitute the life-line of Dar es Salaam’s water system. Yet, they also undermine and divert resources away from the collectively-devised industrial form of piped water provision.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 47-06, page: 3153. Adviser: Wendell C. Taylor. Includes bibliographical references.

The subject of this thesis is the analysis of the vending companies and their business management. The theoretical part describes the basic terminology of the topic. The practical part is focused on the companies themselves, it analyzes and characterizes internal and external surroundings of the vending companies. External environment was analyzed using the PESTE analysis, Porters five forces model and EFE matrix. Main topics of the internal environment analysis were the subject of the business, IFE matrix and the financial analysis. The complex analysis of the whole environment is based on the IE matrix and the SWOT analysis. This thesis contains practical suggestions and recommendations directed to the areas of competitiveness, financial and effective use of sources.

[pt] Esta dissertação analisa o problema da gestão de estoque de sanduíches de uma empresa prestadora de serviços de alimentação, a Tok Take Alimentação Ltda. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico na área de gestão de estoques e de previsão de demanda. Para o estudo de caso, dados históricos do consumo diário de sanduíches em um determinado cliente foram coletados e submetidos à análise por meio de dois métodos de previsão de demanda: o método de médias móveis dupla e o método de amortecimento direto para dados sazonais. Desta forma, foram determinados dois modelos que possibilitam a previsão de demanda diária deste produto. / [en] This report analyzes the issue of managing the inventory of sandwiches of a food vending enterprise, Tok Take Alimentação Ltda. For that purpose, a bibliographic survey was made on inventory management and demand forecasting. In the case studied it was found that no gain could be obtained by expanding the replenishment period. Hence the analysis turned its focus to demand forcasting. For the case study, historical data of sandwich consumption at a specific client site were colected and submited to analysis by means of two forecasting methods namely: double moving average and direct smoothing for seasonal data. After that, a model that enables daily forecasting of that product`s demand was determined.

Cinco hipóteses explicam a permanência do trabalho informal nos espaços públicos do Centro de São Paulo como ocupação precária e vulnerável: 1- Incapacidade estrutural do mercado de trabalho formal de absorção de mão-de-obra: informalidade como processo mundial e exceção permanente no formato do capitalismo brasileiro; 2- Desconhecimento do comércio informal de rua como produção do espaço urbano: modificação de atributos espaciais: valorização, competição, posse, etc.); 3- Exploração oportunista da clandestinidade dos trabalhadores na forma de corrupção e clientelismo; 4- Marketing urbano e Segregação Espacial: articulação entre as elites locais, Poder Público e agências multilaterais no intuito de promover a revitalização do perímetro estudado, expulsam ou isolam sistematicamente os trabalhadores de rua; 5- Inoperância das políticas públicas: o conhecimento insuficiente ou parcial do comércio de rua resulta na formulação de políticas públicas descoladas da realidade e, portanto, inoperantes. A partir dessas hipóteses,foi possível pensar parâmetros para políticas públicas que superem a polarização entre intolerância e permissividade em relação à atividade. / Five hypotheses explain streetvending in downtown Sao Paulo as a precarious and a vulnerable occupation: 1- Structural impermeability of formal labor market: informal sector as a global process, and as a permanent exception in brazilian capitalism; 2- Lack of awareness of streetvending as a production of urban space: transformation of spatial attributes - profit, competitiveness, ownership, etc.; 3- Opportunist exploitation over clandestine street vendors: corruption and patronage; 4- Urban marketing strategies and Spatial segregation: partnership among government, ruling elite and multi-lateral financial agencies in order to improve urban renewal, frequently isolate and gentrify against street vendors; 5- Innefective public policies - lack of understanding of streetvending results in unlikely public policies. Assuming these hypotheses, this research built public policies directions in order to overcome contradiction between intolerance and permissiveness.

The low-lying Baixa area of Maputo, is the historic and current city centre of Maputo. The district is an important transport hub, and business centre of Mozambique. The Mercado Central de Maputo (Maputo Central Market), is the only infrastructure provided in support of the micro-enterprisers and traders of the city. The Central Market has reached capacity, and informal street markets have developed to the north. These have become fractured and disconnected from facilities that allow for clean, comfortable, hygienic trade, and a healthier business environment. The architectural proposal offers a solution to the current inadequate trader infrastructure, while also recognizing the area’s heritage and economic significance. The fluxing character of the market is also important in the design. Promotion of micro-enterprise and consequent economic growth will be achieved through an upgrade and expansion of market related facilities. This will allow a greater number of marginalised vendors formal recognition and legitimacy. The intervention will act as a catalyst project in the urban regeneration, through the consolidation of the fractured market areas. Increasing the market’s drawing power on potential customers will promote the Central Market as a destination within its own right. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

Esta investigación apunta al desarrollo de un centro de abastos, luego de identificar el déficit estructural de equipamiento comercial y desorden e informalidad ambulante encontrada en el sector tradicional de Olmos, lo cual evidencia desorden en calles y vías, deterioro de la estética urbana e insalubridad causada por los mercados itinerantes existentes. La metodología usada para esta investigación es la descriptiva de tipo mixta y; tiene como objetivo general el generar lineamientos proyectuales que permita disminuir el desorden e informalidad ambulante causado por el déficit de equipamiento comercial en la zona tradicional del distrito de Olmos. Se ha considerado el análisis de 03 objetivos regulándose cada uno en base a distintos referentes, formándose con esto el camino a lineamientos como resultado del análisis, estos son: analizar la realidad física y urbana del sector, diagnosticar el estado actual de los equipamientos comerciales e identificar las características y condicionantes del flujo comercial; dicha información es obtenida mediante la recopilaron datos de distintas fuentes tales como el plan de desarrollo urbano, análisis documentales, encuestas y cuestionarios, que después de ser analizadas y procesadas se obtienen los datos para concretar que con la propuesta arquitectónica de un centro de abasto , ayuda a reducir la problemática existente la cual opera en las principales vías, espacios públicos, parques y aceras, donde se pueden comercializar todo tipo de artículos con gran facilidad y sin control alguno. / This research aims to develop a supply center, after identifying the structural deficit of commercial equipment and street disorder and informality found in the traditional sector of Olmos, which shows disorder in streets and roads, deterioration of urban aesthetics and unhealthiness caused by existing itinerant markets. The methodology used for this research is mixed descriptive and its general objective is to generate project guidelines that allow reducing the street disorder and informality caused by the deficit of commercial equipment in the traditional area of the Olmos district. The analysis of 03 objectives has been considered, each one being regulated based on different references, thus forming the path to guidelines as a result of the analysis, these are: analyze the physical and urban reality of the sector, diagnose the current state of commercial facilities and identify the characteristics and conditions of the commercial flow; This information is obtained by collecting data from different sources such as the urban development plan, documentary analysis, surveys and questionnaires, which after being analyzed and processed, the data is obtained to specify that with the architectural proposal of a supply center . It helps reduce the existing problems which operate on the main roads, public spaces, parks, and sidewalks, where all types of items can be sold with great ease and without any control.