Les placages de marbres sont des revêtements pariétaux ou de sol qui se retrouvent utilisés de façon récurrente dans le monde romain. Les revêtements en opus sectile ou sous forme de plaques de marbre sont des ornements qui proposent une alternative aux décors mosaïqués ou peints et qui ont pour objectif de dissimuler les petits appareils de moindre valeur ou des sols de béton. L’étude des placages de marbre est un domaine de recherche qui touche l’Italie dès les années 90 et qui perdure encore à l’heure actuelle. En parallèle, la France reste à la marge et ce champ de recherche est relativement peu abordé. Notre étude est essentiellement consacrée aux lots de marbres rattachables au complexe monumental du forum, issus des fouilles récentes (2011-2015) de La Merci, et de fouilles anciennes de la « Basilique » (1934-1936), et de « l’égout des Dominicains (1921). L’étude a également été élargie à l’ensemble des édifices publics et privés de la ville et prend en compte divers lots de marbres comme celui du couloir H de la Maison du Paon (environ 4500 fragments). Cette étude reposera sur cinq grandes lignes directrices :- L’identification des marbres et autres pierres (identification macroscopique)- L’identification des décors, leurs restitutions et la remise en contexte des placages de marbres pour chacun des dépôts.- Une réflexion sur le commerce, les échanges et une estimation des coûts de tels décors.- L’étude des marbres de Vaison-la-Romaine va nous entraîner vers une réflexion historique qui s’attachera plus largement aux questions du luxe et du prestige de la ville.- La question du démantèlement des monuments et l’étude des dépôts en tant que tels. / Marble veneers are parietal or floor coverings that were recurrently used in the Roman world. Opus sectile pavements or marble slab coverings are two types of ornaments which offered an alternative to mosaics or painted decor, and which were used to conceal smaller dimension stones of lesser value, or concrete floors. The study of marble veneers is a research area that appeared in Italy in the 1990s and is still a matter of interest to the researchers. At the same time, the subject it still quite marginal in France, and there are few studies. Our study is mainly devoted to the marble lots that can be associated with the monumental complex of the forum, found during the recent excavations of La Merci (2011-2015), and the past excavations of the Basilica (1934-1936) and the sewer of the Dominicans (1921). The study has been extended in order to include all public and private buildings in the city, and takes into account various marble lots such as that of Corridor H od the house of the Peacock (about 4, 500 fragments). The study is based on five principal guidelines:• The identification of marbles and other stones (macroscopic identification)• The identification of the decors, their restitution and an attempt to replace into their context the marble veneers in every deposit• A reflection on trade, commercial exchanges and an estimation of the costs of these sets• The study of the marbles of Vaison-la-Romaine will lead us to a historical reflection which will examine questions related to the luxury and the prestige of the city• The question of the dismantling of various monuments and the study of the deposits as such

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho clínico das facetas cerâmicas reforçadas com dissilicato de lítio, comparando dois métodos de processamento, as facetas produzidas por fresagem, CEREC inLab pelo sistema CAD/CAM (IPS e.max CAD), e a técnica prensada com pastilhas injetáveis (IPS e.max PRESS), em um período de 6 e 12 meses de avaliação, avaliar a estabilidade de cor após 12 meses e o nível de satisfação do paciente após o tratamento. Os pacientes foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, com um mínimo de 2 e máximo de 6 facetas por paciente, totalizando 178. O estudo foi do tipo boca dividida, e as facetas foram confeccionadas de acordo com as técnicas de processamentos, em dois grupos: - CAD: Impressões digitais com scanner inEos Blue, dos modelos preparados e com enceramento, seguido da fresagem dos blocos IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein); - PRESS: Facetas IPS e.max Press (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein). com a utilização de pastilhas injetáveis, seguindo as normas do fabricante. As facetas foram pontuadas a partir dos critérios da USPHS modificado (United States Public Health Service), para os critérios: adaptação marginal, alteração de cor, descoloração marginal, fratura da restauração, fratura do dente, desgaste da restauração e do dente antagonista, presença de cáries e sensibilidade pós-operatória. Para análise da estabilidade da cor foi utilizado o espectrofotômetro Vita Easyshade, realizando a medição inicial e após 12 meses. Todos pacientes responderam um questionário de satisfação utilizando a escala VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), antes e após finalizado o tratamento. O teste estatístico foi realizado utilizando a Análise de Variância a dois critérios de medidas repetidas, com nível de significância de 5%, utilizando o software estatístico STATISTICA 10.0 e o SIGMAPLOT 12.0. E para análise da cor os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, e o teste de soma não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney- Wilcoxon (MWW) para comparar as distribuições de resultados entre dois grupos (nível de significância de 5%). Nos resultados foram observados que para o critério de adaptação marginal, houve diferença estatística em relação ao tempo (p=0,017) independente do método de processamento, apresentando as médias no baseline para CAD 1,056 e para PRESS 1,067 e após 6 e 12 meses, para CAD 1,089 e para PRESS 1,078. Não houve diferenças intra-grupos e entre os grupos no início e após 6 e 12 meses, bem como nenhuma interação entre o tempo e os grupos para os outros critérios avaliados. Sobre a estabilidade de cor não houve diferença significativa para os grupos CAD e PRESS utilizando o método Easyshade (P=0,833). Foi observado que o segundo quartil do CAD 1,70 e do PRESS 1,76, foram praticamente coincidentes. Em relação ao nível de satisfação da escala VAS, antes do tratamento a média foi de 7,06 e após o tratamento das facetas a média foi para 9,5. O desempenho clínico das facetas de dissilicato de lítio foram semelhantes, independente do método de processamento, apresentaram estabilidade de cor após 12 meses de avaliação e houve um aumento do nível de satisfação do paciente. / The purpose of this research was to evaluate the clinical performance of the laminated ceramic veneers reinforced with lithium disilicate, comparing two different methods, manufactured by CAD/CAM technology, CEREC inLab (IPS e.max CAD), comparing with those veneers produced by the heat-pressed method (IPS e.max Press), in a period of 6 and 12 months, color stability after 12 months and the level of patient satisfaction after treatment. Patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 6 veneers per patient, totaling 178 veneers. A split-mouth study was made according to the processing techniques, two groups: - CAD: Images obtained with inEos Blue scanner, of the prepared and waxed models, followed by milling of IPS e.max CAD blocks (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein); - PRESS: Manufacturing of lithium disilicate ceramic veneers IPS e.max PRESS (Ivoclar, Liechtenstein) with the use of heat-pressed, following the standards and the manufacturer\'s instructions. The veneers were scored according to the criteria of USPHS (United States Public Health Service): marginal adaptation, color change, marginal discoloration, restoration fracture, tooth fracture, wear restoration, antagonist wear, presence of caries and postoperative sensitivity. For the analysis of the color stability, the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer was used, initial measurement and after 12 months. All patients answered a satisfaction questionnaire using the VAS scale (Visual Analogue Scale), before and after the treatment. The statistical test was performed using the Variance Analysis of two repeated measures criteria, with a significance level of 5%, using statistical software STATISTICA 10.0 and SIGMAPLOT 12.0. Color analysis, the data were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon non-parametric sum test (MWW) was used to compare the distribution of results between two groups (significance level 5%). In the results was observed that for the marginal adaptation criterion, there was a statistical difference in relation to time (p = 0.017) independent of the processing method, baseline means for CAD 1.056 and for PRESS 1.067 and after 6 and 12 months, for CAD 1.089 and for PRESS 1.078. There were no intragroup differences and between groups at baseline and after 6 and 12 months, as well as no interaction between time and groups for the other evaluated criteria. Color stability there was no significant difference for the CAD and PRESS groups using the Easyshade method (P = 0.833). It was observed that the second quartile of CAD 1.70 and PRESS 1,76 were practically coincident. Level of satisfaction of the VAS scale, it was observed that before the treatment the mean was 7.06 and after treatment of the veneers the mean was 9.5. The clinical performance of the lithium disilicate veneers were similar, regardless of the processing method, showed color stability after 12 months of evaluation and there was an increase in the level of patient satisfaction.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-210). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.E.F.E.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "February 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-133). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Submitted by Nara Santos Araujo (nara_araujo@zipmail.com.br) on 2016-09-28T20:09:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Nara Santos Araujo.pdf: 3769593 bytes, checksum: efd38e62dff5d94af299b150da909c79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-30T19:30:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ns_me_araca_par.pdf: 980478 bytes, checksum: ef94fb63c6137b27c1acf16f4d0c9ab8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-30T19:30:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ns_me_araca_par.pdf: 980478 bytes, checksum: ef94fb63c6137b27c1acf16f4d0c9ab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivo: Avaliar, através de um estudo clínico prospectivo, a influência de laminados cerâmicos, cimentados sobre dentes sem a realização do término cervical, sobre o comportamento da margem gengival. Materiais e Métodos: Setenta dentes restaurados com laminados cerâmicos foram avaliados. Dentes vizinhos ou antagonistas não restaurados foram utilizados como controle. Os fatores de estudo foram o tratamento realizado, o biótipo gengival e o tempo de análise (T) em 7 níveis [T0 (previamente ao tratamento), T7 ( 7 dias após cimentação), T15 (15 dias), T30 (30 dias), T60 (60 dias), T120 (120 dias), e T180 (180 dias após cimentação). As variáveis de resposta foram o índice gengival (IG), o índice de placa (IP) e a recessão gengival, recebendo escores, de forma qualitativa e decrescente (Alfa, Beta, Charlie e Delta), segundo a condição clínica. Fotografias digitais foram obtidas em cada tempo de análise. Resultados: A análise dos grupos restaurado e controle mostrou maior prevalência de elementos conceituados “Alfa” para as variáveis IG e IP. Menos registros em “Beta’ e “Charlie” foram observados no grupo restaurado, demostrando com isso um menor acúmulo de placa nas superfícies restauradas. O sobrecontorno horizontal nos dentes restaurados não aumentou a ocorrência de inflamação na margem gengival em relação ao grupo controle, e 100% da amostra não apresentou recessão gengival após 180 dias de acompanhamento clínico. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos, observa-se que a presença de sobrecontorno horizontal nos dentes restaurados não alterou o posicionamento vertical da margem gengival e não ocasionou inflamação periodontal clinicamente perceptível. O biótipo gengival não influenciou nos resultados. / Purpose: To evaluate, through a prospective clinical study, the influence of ceramic veneers, cemented on teeth without cervical finish line, on the behavior of the gingival margin Materials and Methods: Seventy teeth with ceramic laminate veneers were evaluated. Neighboring unrestored teeth were used as control. The study factors were the treatment, the gingival biotype and the time analysis (T) on 7 levels [T0 (prior to treatment), T7 (7 days after cementation), T15 (15 days), T30 (30 days), T60 (60 days) T120 (120 days), and T180 (180 days after cementation)]. The response variables were gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and gingival recession, getting scores (Alfa, Beta, Charlie and Delta), according to the clinical condition. Digital photographs were taken in each time. Results: The analysis of the restored and control groups showed a higher prevalence of reputable elements "Alfa" for GI and PI variables. Lower records in "Beta" and "Charlie" were observed in the restored group, showing less plaque buildup in the restored surfaces. The horizontal overcontouring of restorations, did not increase the occurrence of inflammation of the gingival margin in the restored group compared to the control group, and 100% of the sample obtained concept "Alfa" to the variable gingival recession after 180 days of clinical follow-up. Conclusion: The presence of horizontal overcontouring did not change the vertical position of the gingival margin and did not cause a clinically perceptible periodontal inflammation. The gingival biotype did not influence the results. / FAPESP: 2014/11799-2

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:30:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-03. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:34:23Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858043.pdf: 1501641 bytes, checksum: 0433a50423a27a675a4d895edb371b45 (MD5) / Com a evolução da adesão sobre tecidos dentários e cerâmicas vítreas na década de 80, tratamentos com abordagem mais conservadora em prótese dentária tem sido crescentemente sugeridos, com ênfase no uso de laminados cerâmicos, incluindo, mais recentemente, a possibilidade de tratamento sem a necessidade de desgaste na estrutura dentária. Embora sua possibilidade de aplicação seja real, poucos estudos longitudinais demonstram sua efetividade clínica. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma análise retrospectiva de 5 anos de experiência com restaurações laminados cerâmicos aplicados sobre dentes com ou sem preparo dentário. Materiais e Métodos: Um total de 240 restaurações foi realizado em 40 pacientes no segmento anterior superior, compreendendo de canino a canino, onde, em 29 pacientes, um total de 174 restaurações laminadas cerâmicas de dissilicato de lítio (LS2) foram realizadas sobre dentes com preparo dentário e, em 11 pacientes, 66 restaurações foram realizadas sobre dentes sem preparo dentário, entre os anos de 2007 e 2013. Estas restaurações foram avaliadas sobre os critérios de estabilidade de cor e integridade da restauração, descoloração e integridade da margem através dos critérios de Ryge modificados, California Dental Association (CDA/Ryge criteria). Resultados: Nos critérios de base utilizados, uma ampla porcentagem de restaurações foi classificada como A, e apenas 2 (1,15%) restaurações realizadas sobre dentes com preparo dentário falharam por fratura com a necessidade de troca (D), 4 (2,3%) tiveram pequenas alterações de cor, 1 (0,6%) teve descoloração superficial da margem (B) e 2 (1,15%) tiveram pequenas alterações na margem cervical (B). No grupo de restaurações sobre dentes sem preparo dentário, 7 (10,6%) restaurações tiveram descoloração superficial da margem (B) e nenhuma... / Based on scientific and clinical evidence of adhesion to dental tissues and glass-ceramics in the 80s, more conservative treatment approach for dental prosthesis has been increasingly suggested. Among the most used therapies, the technique of ceramic laminate veneers are widely used in different clinical situations. Currently, from experience of applying the laminate restorations on teeth with dental preparation, some clinical situations have allowed the application of these restorations directly to the teeth without having to wear on tooth structure. Although the possibility of their application to real, few longitudinal studies have demonstrated the clinical effectiveness. The main of this study was to evaluate in a long-term of up to 5 years. In this study were evaluated ceramic laminate restorations applied to teeth with or without preparation. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 restorations were performed in 40 patients in the upper anterior segment, comprising from canine to canine, where in 29 patients, a total of 174 restorations laminated ceramic lithium disilicate (LS2) were performed on teeth with preparation, and 11 patients, 66 restorations were performed on teeth without preparation, between 2007 and 2013 at private clinic. Color stability and integrity of restoration, discoloration and integrity of the border were evaluated following modified California Dental Association (CDA / Ryge criteria). Results: a large percentage of restorations were classified as A, and only 2 (1.15%) restorations on teeth with preparation failed by fracture with the need to change (D), 4 (2, 3%) had minor color changes, 1 (0.6%) had superficial discoloration of the margin (B) and 2 (1.15%) had minor changes in the cervical margin (B). In the group of teeth without dental restorations, 7 preparation (10.6%) had superficial discoloration of restoration...

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a estabilidade de cor e capacidade de mascaramento até 1.000.000 de ciclos termomecânicos das facetas de cerâmica híbrida e cerâmica reforçada com dissilicato de lítio processadas pelo método de fresagem CAD/CAM; verificar a influência da cor do cimento em relação a cor final das facetas e a correspondência entre as pastas try-in; e as respectivas cores dos cimentos. Foram confeccionadas 60 facetas cerâmicas, pelo método de fresagem, que foram cimentadas com cimento fotopolimerizável (Variolink Esthetic LC), seguindo as orientações dos fabricantes, em réplicas de incisivos centrais escurecidos (C4) e não escurecidos (A2) e distribuídas nos grupos experimentais (n=10) DA2N, DC4N, DC4L, HA2N, HC4N, HC4L de acordo com o tipo de cerâmica dissilicato de lítio (D) e híbrida (H), cor do substrato A2 e C4, e cor do cimento neutral (N) e ligth (L). As leituras com espectrofotômetro foram realizadas previamente à cimentação das facetas, facetas + pastas Try-In, imediatamente após cimentação da faceta, após 48h, 72h e após ciclos termomecânicos (250.000, 500.000, 750.000 e 1.000.000) em máquina de ciclagem. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste ANOVA-2 medidas repetidas e teste Tukey (5%). Observou-se que ambas as cerâmicas apresentaram estabilidade de cor e capacidade de mascaramento, pois apesar de ocorrer diferença estatística em alguns grupos, todos os valores de E apresentaram-se abaixo de 1,7, ou seja, não são perceptíveis. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que a cor dos cimentos (neutral e light) não influenciou na cor final das restaurações, pois não houve diferença estatística significante comparando-se os grupos DC4N e DC4L como também entre HC4N e HC4L. Correlacionando-se as pastas try-in com as cores dos respectivos cimentos todos os valores obtidos para E ficaram abaixo de 3,3 que é considerado o limite como perceptível por observadores não treinados. Concluiu-se que as facetas de cerâmica híbrida e dissilicato de lítio apresentam muito boa estabilidade de cor ao longo do tempo e capacidade de mascaramento. Assim como, as diferentes cores de cimento não influenciam a cor final das facetas e as pastas try-in apresentam fidelidade em relação às respectivas cores dos cimentos. / The objectives of this work were to evaluate the color stability and masking ability up to 1,000,000 thermomechanical cycles of hybrid and reinforced with lithium disilicate ceramics processed by the CAD/CAM method; to verify the influence of cement color in relation to the final color of the veneers; and the correspondence between try-in and respective colors of the cements. 60 ceramic veneers were prepared using the milling method, which were cemented by light-curing cement (Variolink Esthetic LC) according to the manufacturer\'s instructions on replicates of darkened (C4) and nondarkened central incisors (A2) and distributed in the experimental groups (n=10) - DA2N, DC4N (D), DC4L, HA2N, HC4N, HC4L according to ceramic - lithium disilicate (D) and hybrid (H), substrate color - A2 and C4, and cement color - neutral (N) and ligth (L). The spectrophotometer measurements were performed prior to veneers cementation, veneers + try-In, immediately after cementing, after 48h, 72h and after thermomechanical cycles (250,000, 500,000, 750,000 and 1,000,000) in a cycling machine. Data were analyzed by ANOVA-2 repeated measures and Tukey test (5%). It was observed that both ceramics presented color stability and masking ability, because although there was a statistical difference in some groups, all values of E were below 1.7, ie, they are not perceptible. Likewise, it was found that the color of the cements (neutral and light) did not influence the final color of the restorations, since there was no significant statistical difference comparing the groups DC4N and DC4L as well as between HC4N and HC4L. By correlating the tryin with the colors of the respective cements all values obtained for E were below 3.3 which is considered the limit as perceived by untrained observers. It was concluded that hybrid ceramics and lithium disilicate veneers exhibit very good color stability over time and masking ability. As well as, the different cement colors do not influence the final color of the veneers and try-in pastes show similarity to the respective colors of the cements.

The area of penetration of phenol-formaldehyde resin into aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) and Douglas-fir (<i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i>) flakes, and the layer properties of yellow poplar (<i>Liriodendron tulipifera</i>) flakeboard were investigated to determine how they were influenced by various pressing parameters. The evenness of penetration was found to be a function of the natural variability of the wood and was not influenced by the pressing parameters of temperature, moisture content, pressure, or time. These four parameters were found to influence the area of penetration by controlling the viscosity and flow of the resin. The temperature, gas pressure, and platen pressure history at any particular plane through a flakeboard panel thickness were found to be directly and interactively determined by the pressing parameters of platen temperature, initial mat moisture content, and press closing time. The specific gravity profile was observed to be a function of the press closing time while platen temperature and the mat moisture content influenced the amount of springback which the panel exhibited. Layer-shear and the corresponding specific gravity at a particular plane were found to be similarly dependent on environmental history. The layer-shear strength increased consistently toward the surface of the panel and exhibited a lower coefficient of variation nearer the surface. / M.S.

The problem was to determine the effectiveness of using polyethylene glycol 1000 in the treatment of green wood for the purpose of forming projects made of wood veneer and of simple design for use in junior high or high school woodworking classes. The purpose of this study was to seek answers to the following questions. 1. Is polyethylene glycol 1000 an effective stabilizing agent for green wood veneer that can be used in school woodworking classes? 2. Can green wood veneer treated with polyethylene glycol 1000 be bent to form simple woodwork projects? 3. Can green wood veneer treated with polyethylene glycol 1000 be successfully used in junior high and high school woodworking classes? 4. What length of treatment time is best for green wood veneer that is to be used to form simple bent wood projects? 5. Is one-fourth inch thickness suitable for green wood veneer that is to be treated with polyethylene glycol 1000 and used to form simple bent wood projects?

Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, bei Keramikveneers zur Frontzahnversorgung den Einfluss des Präparationsdesigns und der Verblendschichtdicke auf die Grenzflächen zwischen Keramik und Komposit sowie zwischen Zahn und Komposit zu untersuchen. Es wurde im speziellen die Grenzflächenadaptation an den zwei Klebefugeninterfaces nach thermozyklischer Beanspruchung und Kausimulation mittels optischer Kohärenztomographie untersucht.:Inhaltsverzeichnis Einführung 3 1. Veneerversorgungen und adhäsiver Verbund 3 2. Adhäsive Defekte an den Verbundzonen 6 3. Methoden zur Untersuchung der Verbundzonen 8 4. Optische Kohärenztomographie 9 Fragestellungen 13 Publikation 14 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 24 Literaturverzeichnis 28 Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 36 Danksagung 37