Целью исследования является создание эффективного инструмента на платформе визуального программирования Dynamo в Autodesk Revit для автоматизации аэродинамического расчета систем воздуховодов в цифровой информационной модели. Задачи: исследовать возможности платформы визуального программирования Dynamo; разработать алгоритмы и скрипты для проведения аэродинамики в цифровой информационной модели. Гипотеза исследования предполагает, что автоматизация аэродинамического расчета позволит сократить время проектирования и уменьшить вероятность ошибок. Результаты исследования подтвердили эффективность использования разработанного скрипта для автоматизации расчета: он ускоряет процесс, обеспечивает более точные результаты и повышает качество проектных решений в области вентиляции. / The aim of the study is to create an effective tool on the Dynamo visual programming platform in Autodesk Revit for automating the aerodynamic calculation of duct systems in a digital information model. Tasks: to explore the possibilities of the Dynamo visual programming platform; to develop algorithms and scripts for conducting aerodynamics in a digital information model. The hypothesis of the study suggests that automation of aerodynamic calculation will reduce design time and reduce the likelihood of errors. The results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of using the developed script to automate the calculation: it speeds up the process, provides more accurate results and improves the quality of design solutions in the field of ventilation.

Диссертационное исследование посвящено разработке рекомендаций для улучшения рабочего процесса проектирования инженерных сетей ОВ. В работе рассматриваются: этапы разработки цифровой модели здания, основы технологии проектирования, рекомендации по разработке систем отопления и вентиляции средствами программы Autodesk Revit и Linear, а также методика по разработке и реализация алгоритма, автоматизирующего процесс формирования документации. / The dissertation research is devoted to the development of recommendations for improving the workflow of designing engineering networks of the OB. The paper discusses: the stages of developing a digital building model, the basics of design technology, recommendations for the development of heating and ventilation systems using the Autodesk Revit and Linear programs, as well as a methodology for developing and implementing an algorithm that automates the process of generating documentation.

Le nettoyage des systèmes de Chauffage, Ventilation et Climatisation de l’Air est important pour assurer une bonne qualité d’air intérieur. Le déclenchement de leur nettoyage est basé sur une inspection visuelle qui ne tient pas compte du contenu en moisissures, lesquelles ont des effets sur le système respiratoire. Cette recherche vise à proposer une méthode d’évaluation du contenu en moisissures afin d’aider les gestionnaires d’immeuble. Cinq générations de poussières ont été effectuées pour simuler un conduit de ventilation. Une cassette modifiée 37 mm et un filtre CPV pré-pesés ont utilisés pour collecter les poussières déposées avec une pompe calibrée à 15L/min. Les pourcentages de collecte des cassettes et des filtres ont été calculés pour 54 échantillons. Dix générations supplémentaires de poussières ont été effectuées concomitamment avec la génération de spores. Soixante échantillons ont été analysés selon quatre méthodes : culture, comptage direct des spores par microscopie (CDSM), dosage de β-N-acétylhexosaminidase (NAHA), 18S-q-PCR. La limite de détection (LD), la réplicabilité, la répétabilité, le nombre de spores et le coefficient de corrélation (r) ont été déterminés. Les récupérations de poussières étaient supérieures à 84%. Selon la méthode analytique, les concentrations médianes de spores/100 cm² allaient de 10 000 à 815 000. Les LD variaient dépendamment de la méthode de 120 à 218 000 spores/100 cm² et r de -0,08 à 0,83. La réplicabilité et la répétabilité étaient de 1% et 1% pour PCR; 5% et 10% pour CDSM; 6% et 15% pour NAHA; 12% et 11% pour culture. La méthode de collecte a démontré une excellente efficacité de récupération. La PCR est la méthode analytique recommandée pour l’évaluation fongique des systèmes de ventilation. Une validation terrain est en cours. / Cleaning systems for Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning is important to ensure good indoor air quality. The outbreak of their cleaning is based on a visual inspection does not take into account the content molds, which have effects on the respiratory system. This research aims at providing a mold content of the assessment methodology to help building managers. Five dust generations were made in an exposition chamber mimicking a HVAC duct system. A modified 37-mm cassette with a pre-weighed PVC filter was used to collect the settled dust at a flow rate of 15L/min. Particles recovery percentages collected by the cassettes and those deposited on the filters were calculated for 54 samples. Ten other generations were performed with dust using different levels of mold spores. Sixty samples were analyzed with four methods : culture on Malt Extract Agar, direct microscopic spores count (DMSC), Beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase assay (NAHA) and 18S-q-PCR assay. The detection limit (DL), replicability, repeatability, the number of spores and correlation coefficient (r) were determined. The recovery percentages were greater than 84%. According methods, the median concentration of spores/100 cm² ranged from 10,000 to 815,000. The DL varies depending on the method from 120 to 218,000 spores/100 cm² and from -0.08 to 0.83. Replicability and repeatability were 1% and 1% for PCR, 5% and 10% for DMSC, 6% and 11% for NAHA, 12% and 11% for culture. The sampling method showed excellent dust collection efficiency. The PCR method is recommended for fungal evaluation of ventilation systems. A field validation is underway.

Diploma thesis is focus on ventilation systems in Zero energy building and indoor air quality. Whole thesis has three part. First is about theory, where you can find law regulations and standards connected wit nZEB, factors influence IAQ and introduced ventilations systems. Second part is focus on particles transport in buildings like a nZEB and in heat recovery units. Last part of the thesis shows own design of the nZEB for Nový Lískovec.

Surgical site infection is responsible for 38 percent of reported infections after surgery. This infection increases mortality and treatment costs, and prolongs the hospitalization of patients. Bacteria-carrying particles are the main cause of surgical site infection and one of the main sources of these particles is skin fragments released from the surgical personnel during an ongoing surgery. Ventilation systems reduce the concentration of bacteria-carrying particles by supplying clean air in the operating room. The performance of operating room ventilation systems is affected by internal disruptions such as medical equipment, surgical lamps, number of staff and their behaviour during the surgery. Using computational fluid dynamics, this thesis investigates the airflow behaviour and distribution of the contamination in the operating room under the presence of various internal disruptions. In this regard, three common ventilation systems are considered: laminar airflow, turbulent mixing and temperature-controlled airflow ventilations. This study tries to overcome the weaknesses of the ventilation systems by providing sustainable solutions and continuously being in contact with design companies. It is common to use warming blankets to prevent reduction in the core body temperature of the patient during major surgeries. However, there is a major concern that these blankets disrupt the supplied airflow, which results in rising contaminant concentration. Most of the studies about warming blankets are clinical works and it is still not clear whether or not these blankets should be used. The results of the present study show that using warming blankets had no impact on increase of contamination level at the surgical zone. However, one common type of warming blanket – a forced-air warming blanket – can considerably increase the concentration of bacteria-carrying particles at the wound area if it becomes contaminated. The simulated results of the airflow field and particle tracking showed that the laminar airflow ventilation system was disturbed more easily by the local heat loads than overall heat loads in the operating room. Surgical lamps are considered as an obstacle in the supplied airflow path. These lamps create a stagnant area above the operating table and increase the contamination level. In this regard, a novel design of surgical lamp, a fan-mounted surgical lamp, was introduced to operating rooms.This device was used in the operating rooms equipped with laminar airflow and mixing ventilation system. The simulated results revealed that this lamp significantly reduced the contamination level at the operating table. Visualization techniques were adopted to teach and improve the understanding of surgical personnel about transmission of contaminated particles in operating rooms. Here, a virtual and augmented reality interface was used to visualize the impact of differences in ventilation principle, surgical staff constellation and work practice. / Infektioner relaterade till kirurgiskt ingrepp utgör 38 % av rapporterade infektioner efter operation. Dessa infektioner ökar dödligheten och behandlingskostnaderna samt förlänger patienternas sjukhusvistelse. Bakteriebärande partiklar är den främsta orsaken till infektion vid kirurgi. Huvudkällan till dessa partiklar är hudfragment som frigörs från kirurgisk personal under en pågående operation. Genom att tillföra ren luft via ventilationssystemet kan koncentrationen av baktebärande partiklar i operationssalen minskas. Ventilationssystemets förmåga att ventilera salen påverkas av föremål som stör luftströmmen, som exempel medicinsk utrustning, kirurgiska lampor samt av närvarande personal och deras beteende under operationen. Med avancerade numeriska strömningsberäkningar undersöks i denna avhandling luftflöden och fördelningen av föroreningar i operationssalen under inverkan av sådana störningar. Tre olika ventilationssystem inkluderas. Ett för laminärt luftflöde, ett för turbulent omblandning och ett för temperaturreglerad luftströmning. I studien kartläggs ventilationssystemens funktion och relevansen prövas i ett kontinuerligt samarbete med tillverkande industri. Användning av värmefiltar förekommer under större operationer för att hålla patientens kroppstemperatur stabil. Det finns emellertid en stor oro för att dessa filtar stör det tillförda luftflödet och därmed ökar föroreningsnivån. En vanlig typ av värmefilt med forcerad varmluft kan om den är förorenad avsevärt öka koncentrationen av bakteriebärande partiklar i sårområdet. De flesta undersökningar om värmande filtar är kliniska studier och det är fortfarande inte helt klarlagt i vilken mån och hur dessa filtar skall användas. Denna studie visar emellertid att användning av värmefiltar inte påverkar föroreningsnivån i den kirurgiska zonen. Gjorda datorsimuleringar av luftflödesfältet och partikelspårning visar att det laminära ventilationsflödet lättare störs av lokala värmebelastningarna än av generella värmebelastningar i operationssalen. Kirurgiska lampor betraktas som hinder i en planerad luftflödesväg. Lampor kan skapa en stillastående luftmassa ovanför operationsbordet och därmed öka föroreningsnivån. För detta introduceras en ny design av kirurgisk lampa, en fläktmonterad kirurgisk lampa för operationsrum, utrustade med laminärt luftflöde och omblandning. Simulerade resultat visar att denna nya kirurgiska lampa signifikant minskar föroreningsnivån vid operationsbordet. Visualiseringsteknik användes i denna studie för att förbättra förståelsen hos kirurgisk personal om hur förorenade partiklar kan spridas i operationssalen. Med ett virtuellt och förstärkt gränssnitt visualiserades föroreningshalter i rumsluften då olika typer av ventilationssystem användes. Visualiseringen visar också hur kirurgigruppens storlek och arbetsställning under operation påverkar spridningen av föroreningar. / <p>QC 20201103</p>

В работе рассмотрен процесс проектирования систем вентиляции «Как есть». Определена взаимосвязь работ в проектировании вентиляции со смежными разделами проектирования, что скорректировало общий график работ. Были определены трудозатратные работы, требующие автоматизации. В процессе выполнения магистерской диссертации было разработано приложение, которое позволяет повысить эффективность производственных процессов компании. / The paper considers the process of designing ventilation systems. The interrelation of work in ventilation design with adjacent design sections has been determined, which has adjusted the overall work schedule. Labor-intensive work requiring automation has been identified. In the process of completing the master's thesis, an application was developed that allows you to increase the efficiency of the company's production processes.