<p>Cilj: Kod trećine bolesnika sa akutnim ST-eleviranim infarktom (STEMI) nakon primarne angioplastike (pPCI) razvije se postinfarktno remodelovanje leve komore (LK). Cilj istraživanja je nalaženje ranih prediktora post-infarktnog remodelovanja leve komore nakon akutnog STEMI i pPCI. Metodologija: Uključeno je 210 ispitanika sa prvim akutnim STEMI prednjeg zida, lečenih pPCI. Urađena je ehokardiografija u prva 24h, a zatim nakon 6 meseci, kada su ispitanici podeljeni u 2 grupe: ispitivanu sa remodelovanjem (n=55; 26%) i kontrolnu bez remodelovanja (n=155; 74%). Ispitanici su klinički praćeni godinu dana. Rezultati i dikusija: Multivarijantnom regresionom analizom, kao najsnažniji rani prediktori post-infarktnog remodelovanja izdvojili su se: postojanje &quot;no reflow&quot; fenomena nakon pPCI (OR=30.0 95% CI, p&lt;0.0001), pojava dijastolne disfunkcije u prva 24h (OR=27.7 95% CI, p&lt;0.0001), povećan dijametar leve pretkomore - LA (OR=5.0 95% CI, p=0,044) i srčana slabost na prijemu - Killip klasa 2-4 (OR=3.4 95% CI, p=0.003.). Univarijantnom regresionom analizom, snažni prediktori su neadekvatna rezolucija ST segmenta - STR (OR 2.0 95% CI, p=0.024) i zbirni indeks zidne pokretljivosti &ndash; WMSI &gt;2 (OR 21.6 95% CI, p&lt;0.0001). Totalno ishemijsko vreme nije imalo uticaja na post-infarktno remodelovanje (p=0.546). Tokom jednogodi&scaron;njeg praćenja ispitanici sa post-infarktnim remodelovanjem su imali značajno veću incidencu glavnih neželjenih kardiolo&scaron;kih događaja: rehospitalizacija (61.8% vs 22.6%; p&lt;0.0001) / najvi&scaron;e rehospitalizacija zbog srčane slabosti (40% vs 2.6%; p&lt;0.0001), sa mortalitetom 5.5%/; reinfarkta (20% vs 7.1%; p=0.007); rekoronarografija (45.5% vs 18.1%; p&lt;0.0001); revaskularizacija (30.9% vs 11%; p=0.001). Zaključak: Kod pacijenata sa akutnim STEMI prednjeg zida lečenih pPCI, pojava &quot;no reflow&quot; fenomena, dijastolne disfunkcije, povećana LA i srčana slabosti na prijemu su najjači rani nezavisni prediktivni faktori za nastanak post-infarktnog remodelovanja. Značajni prediktori su i neadekvatna STR i WMSI&gt;2. Pacijenti sa post-infarktnim remodelovanjem imaju veću incidencu glavnih neželjenih kardiolo&scaron;kih događaja i mortaliteta.</p> / <p>Objective: Patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary angioplasty (pPCI) will develop left ventricular (LV) remodeling in one third of the cases. The purpose of this study is to determine early predictors of LV remodeling after acute STEMI and pPCI. Methods: 210 patients with a first acute anterior STEMI treated by pPCI were included. All participants underwent echocardiography in the first 24hrs and again after 6 months, after which they were divided into two groups: remodeling (n=55; 26%) and nonremodeling (n=155; 74%). Results and discussion: The most powerful independent early predictors were: &quot;no reflow&quot; after pPCI (OR=30.0 95% CI, p&lt;0.0001), diastolic dysfunction in the first 24hrs (OR=27.7 95% CI, p&lt;0.0001), increased diameter of the left atrium - LA (OR=5.0 95% CI, p=0.044) and at admission Killip class 2-4 (OR=3.4 95% CI, p=0.003), by multivariant regression analysis. Also, strong predictors were incomplete ST-resolution - STR (OR 2.0 95% CI, p=0.024) and Wall motion score index - WMSI &gt;2 (OR 21.6 95% CI, p&lt;0.0001), by univariant regression analysis. Total ischaemic time had no influence on LV remodeling. The group with remodeling had more frequent major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during one year follow-up: re-hospitalisation (61.8% vs 22.6%; p&lt;0.0001) / mostly re-hospitalisation due to heart failure (40% vs 2.6%; p&lt;0.0001) and mortality 5.5%; reinfarction (20% vs 7.1%; p=0.007); recoronagraphy (45.5% vs 18.1%; p&lt;0.0001); revascularisation (30.9% vs 11%; p=0.001). Conclusion: For the patients with a first acute anterior STEMI, treated by pPCI, development of &quot;no reflow&quot; after pPCI, diastolic dysfunction, increased LA and heart failure on admission are the most powerful early independent predictors for LV remodeling. Incomplete STR and WMSI&gt;2 are strong predictors too. Remodeling patients will have a more frequent incidence of MACE and mortality.</p>

Vinte e cinco pacientes com tempo de evolução pós-operatório médio de 10,6 ± 5,4 anos após a Operação de Jatene foram submetidos à avaliação da função ventricular esquerda pela ecocardiografia em repouso e durante o estresse farmacológico e à avaliação da circulação coronária pela cinecoronariografia e ultra-som intracoronário. O grupo apresentou função sistólica normal, alteração da função diastólica e reserva miocárdica reduzida. O estudo angiográfico, realizado em vinte e dois casos não revelou obstruções das artérias coronárias. Ao estudo ultra-sonográfico observou-se em todos, espessamento da camada íntima sugerindo processo de aterosclerose coronária precoce / Twenty-five patients underwent echocardiographic left ventricular function assessment at rest and during pharmacological stress and coronary circulation evaluation with coronary angiography and intracoronary ultrasound 10 ± 5,4 years after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Echocardiography revealed a normal left ventricular systolic function, impaired diastolic function and reduced myocardial reserve. No coronary obstruction was observed at angiography however intracoronary ultrasound showed intimal thickening in all, suggesting premature arterioscleroses

A rejeição é uma das principais complicações após transplante cardíaco (TC). A biópsia endomiocárdica do ventrículo direito (BEVD) continua a ser o padrão-ouro para seu diagnóstico. Há uma necessidade de alternativas não invasivas que permitam um diagnóstico seguro e precoce de rejeição cardíaca, antes do início dos sintomas clínicos. A ecocardiografia com speckle tracking (EST) permite a análise da dinâmica de contração ventricular, possibilitando a detecção precoce de disfunção miocárdica. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar os parâmetros da dinâmica ventricular obtidos com a EST em pacientes transplantados e indivíduos não transplantados cardíacos e avaliar o valor da EST e da dosagem sérica de troponina I e peptídeo cerebral natriurético (BNP), como ferramentas não invasivas para a detecção precoce de rejeição celular aguda significativa (RCA) após o TC. Entre janeiro de 2014 e novembro de 2017, foram estudados, prospectivamente, 49 pacientes transplantados cardíacos com função sistólica normal, tanto do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) como do direito (VD) submetidos à BEVD para vigilância ou por suspeita clínica de rejeição. A RCA foi definida como >= 2R pelos critérios da Sociedade Internacional para Transplante de Coração e Pulmão. Quarenta e nove indivíduos saudáveis pareados por idade e sexo constituíram o grupo controle. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ecocardiografia convencional e à EST. Os pacientes transplantados foram submetidos, horas antes da BEVD, à dosagem de troponina I e BNP séricos. Parâmetros ecocardiográficos clássicos, strain e strain rate longitudinal global, radial e circunferencial do VE, além de strain longitudinal da parede livre do VD (SLPL-VD) foram analisados. Os 49 pacientes transplantados cardíacos (média etária 45,2 ± 11,5 anos, 28 homens) foram submetidos a 66 biópsias entre 6-12 meses após o TC. A RCA foi detectada em 17 (26%) e ausência de RCA em 49 (74%) biópsias. Strain e strain rate longitudinal, circunferencial e radial globais do VE e SL-PLVD foram significantemente menores, em valores absolutos, nos grupos dos transplantados cardíacos do que no grupo controle. O SL-PLVD apresentou valor absoluto menor no grupo com RCA do que no sem RCA (-18,28 ± 4,8% versus -22,11 ± 2,9%; p < 0,001). Um valor de SL-PLVD < 17,57% (valor absoluto) teve sensibilidade de 71%, especificidade de 90%, valor preditivo positivo de 75%, acurácia de 84% e valor preditivo negativo de 88% para detecção de RCA. A dosagem da troponina I foi significantemente mais alta em pacientes com RCA (p < 0,01). A mediana para este grupo foi 0,19 [intervalo interquartil 0,09-1,31 ng/mL], versus 0,05 [intervalo interquartil, 0,01-0,18ng/mL] para o grupo sem RCA. Na análise multivariada, o SL-PLVD foi o único preditor independente de RCA com razão de chance de 1,70 (intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,17- 2,48); p = 0,006. Concluiu-se que o SL-PLVD derivado da EST foi marcador sensível e específico de RCA. Estes dados sugerem que esta técnica é adequada para detectar alterações na deformação ventricular direita durante um episódio de RCA / Rejection is a major complication after heart transplantation (HT). Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the gold standard for diagnosis of rejection. There is a need for non-invasive alternatives that allow for a safe and early diagnosis of cardiac rejection prior to the onset of clinical symptoms. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) enables the analysis of left and right ventricular contraction dynamics, thus allowing for the early detection of myocardial dysfunction. The aims of the present study were to compare ventricular dynamics parameters obtained by STE in heart transplanted patients and control individuals. We also aimed to assess the value of STE, troponin I, and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) serum levels as noninvasive tools for the early detection of significant acute cellular rejection (ACR) after HT. From January 2014 to November 2017, we prospectively studied 49 transplanted patients with normal left and right ventricular systolic function, who had undergone EMB for either surveillance or clinical suspicion of rejection. ACR was defined as >= 2R graded according to the revised International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation by EMB. A total of 49 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals formed the control group. All studied patients underwent conventional echocardiography with the analysis of STE. The transplanted group also had their serum troponin I and BNP levels measured hours before undergoing EMB. Classic echocardiographic parameters left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV-GLS), radial and circumferential strain and strain rate, and right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain (RV-FWLS) were analyzed. The 49 heart transplanted patients (mean age 45.2 ± 11.5 years, 28 men) underwent 66 biopsies, 6-12 months after HT. ACR was detected in 17 (26%) and no ACR in 49 (74%) of biopsies. LV-GLS, circumferential and radial strain and strain rate and RVFWLS values were significantly lower in heart transplant group than in control group. RV-FWLS was lower (absolute value) in the group with ACR than in the group without ACR (-18.28 ± 4.8% versus -22.11 ± 2.9%; p < 0.001). A RVFWLS < 17.57% had 71% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 75% positive predictive value, 84% accuracy, and 88% negative predictive value for detection of ACR. The troponin I level was significantly higher in patients with ACR (p < 0.01). The median value for this group was 0.19 [interquartile interval 0.09-1.31 ng/mL] vs. 0.05 [interquartile interval 0.01-0.18 ng/mL] for the group without ACR. In the multivariate analysis, RV-FWLS was the only independent predictor of ACR, with odds ratio of 1.70 (CI 95% = 1.17-2.48); p=0.006. We concluded that STE-derived RV-FWLS was a sensitive and specific marker of ACR. Our data suggest that this is a suitable technique for noninvasive detection of changes in the right ventricular deformation during an episode of ACR

Estudou-se pela ecocardiografia em imagem fundamental, 30 pacientes no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca que encontravam se sob ventilação mecânica. Analisou-se o índice de escore de delineamento endocárdico (IEDE), a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) pelo método de estimativa visual, e os fluxos transvalvares pelo Doppler espectral e mapeamento de fluxo em cores antes e após a administração de um contraste ecocardiográfico a base de microbolhas. O IEDE passou de 1,53±0,63 para 2,01±0,56 após o uso do contraste (p < 0.001) e a FEVE pôde ser estimada em 27 de 30 exames após o uso do mesmo. Houve uma mudança na quantificação da insuficiência mitral em 5 exames, no gradiente de pico transvalvar aórtico em 1 paciente e no gradiente transvalvar de pico tricúspide em 8 pacientes / We studied by echocardiography in fundamental imaging (FI), thirty mechanically ventilated post cardiac surgery patients. LV endocardial border delineation score index (EBDSI), estimated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and color and spectral Doppler were analyzed before and after intravenous injection of ultrasound contrast. The use of contrast resulted in a significant increase in the number of well-delineated segments. EBDSI was 1.53±0.63, before contrast, increasing to 2.01±0.56 after it (p < 0.001). The LVEF could be evaluated in 27 of 30 exams after contrast. There was a change in the quantification of mitral regurgitation in 5 exams, in the aortic transvalvular peak gradient in 1 patient and measurement of peak flow velocity of tricuspid regurgitation in 8 patients

<p>Cilj: Svrha ovog istraživanja je da se odredi uticaj promena u funkciji, morfologiji i geometriji leve komore (LK) i odusustva očuvanog dnevno-noćnog profila krvnog pritiska (KP) na intrauterini zastoj u rastu fetusa (IUGR) i preterminsko zavr&scaron;avanje trudnoće kod gestacijske hipertenzije (GH), reverzibilnost tih promena posle porođaja i povezanost GH sa prisustvom arterijske hipertenzije u porodici. Metodologija: U ovu studiju, koja je koncipirana kao prospektivna, uključeno je 90 trudnica, 30 normotenzivnih, 30 sa GH i dipping profilom KP i 30 sa GH i non-dipping profilom KP. Svim ispitanicama urađen je kompletan dvo-dimenzionalni, pulsni i tkivni Doppler ehokardiografski pregled i ambulatorni 24-h monitoring KP u trećem trimestru trudnoće i 6 nedelja posle porođaja. Rezultati i diskusija: U grupi trudnica sa GH značajno vi&scaron;e su bili poremećeni parametri sistolne, dijastolne i globalne funkcije (EF, s&rsquo;, E, A, E/A, E/e&rsquo;, DTE, IVRT, IVCT, ET, Tei indeks, CO, CW, Ees), morfologije (IVSd, PLWd, RWT, masa miokarda, p&lt;0,0005) i geometrije LK (abnormalna geometrija 67,7% vs 3,3% kod normotenzivnih, p&lt;0,0005). Najizraženije promene bile su u podgrupi non-dippera. Posle porođaja registrovano je značajno popravljanje svih promenjenih ehokardiografskih parametara, a 96,7% ispitanica iz non-dipper podgrupe imale su očuvan dnevno-noćni ritam posle porođaja. U grupi sa GH utvrđeno je postojanje arterijske hipertenzije u porodici u 80% slučajeva u odnosu na 26,7% u kontrolnoj grupi (p&lt;0,0005). Analizom rezultata utvrđeno je da su povećanje maksimalne vrednosti noćnog dijastolnog KP, indeksa mase miokarda i totalne vaskularne rezistence nezavisni prediktori IUGR-a, dok su povećanje prosečne vrednosti noćnog sistolnog KP i indeksa mase miokarda i smanjenje EF nezavisni prediktori preterminskog porođaja. Zaključak: Promene u funkciji i morfologiji leve komore i non-dipping profil KP kod GH imaju prognostički uticaj na pojavu IUGR-a i preterminsko zavr&scaron;avanje trudnoće.</p> / <p>Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of changes in function, morphology, and geometry of the left ventricle (LV) and a non-dipping arterial blood pressure (BP) pattern on the intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm delivery in pregnant women with gestational hypertension (GH), reversibility of these changes after delivery and connection between BP in family with GH. Methods: This prospective study included 90 pregnant women, 30 normotensive, 30 with GH and dipping BP pattern and 30 with GH and non-dipping BP pattern. All participants underwent a complete two-dimensional, pulsed and tissue Doppler echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the third trimester and 6 weeks after delivery. Results and discussion: Participants with GH had more impaired parameters of the LV systolic, diastolic and global function (EF, s&rsquo;, E, A, E/A, E/e&rsquo;, DTE, IVRT, IVCT, ET, Tei index, CO, CW, Ees), morphology (IVSd, PLWd, RWT, myocardial mass, p&lt;0,0005) and geometry (abnormal geometry 67,7% vs 3,3% in normotensive, p&lt;0,0005). The greatest changes were noticed in non-dippers. All changed echocardiographic parameters became improved, while 96,7 % non-dipper participants became dipper after delivery. Arterial hypertension in family was present in 80% women with GH vs 26,7% in normotensive (p&lt;0,0005). Analyses revealed that maximum night-time diastolic BP, mass index and total vascular resistance were identified as independent predictors of IUGR. Average systolic night-time BP, mass index and EF were identified as independent predictors of preterm delivery. Conclusion: Changes in LV function, morphology and geometry and a non-dipping pattern of BP in GH predicts IUGR and preterm delivery.</p>

<p>Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrde promene koje arterijska hipertenzija dvojakim mehanizmima (dnevno-noćnim ritmom i svojim trajanjem) ostavlja na funkciju i geometriju leve pretkomore i komore srca. Ispitanici i metode: u ovo istraživanje bilo je uključeno 180 ispitanika koji su bili podeljeni u ispitivane grupe u odnosu na dnevno-noćni ritam arterijskog krvnog pritiska tokom 24-časovnog monitoringa arterijskog krvnog pritiska i to na sledeći način: grupa ispitanika sa očuvanim dnevno-noćnim ritmom arterijskog krvnog pritiska sastojala se od ukupno 90 ispitanika, a grupu onih sa naru&scaron;enim dnevno-noćnim ritmom arterijskog krvnog pritiska takođe je činilo 90 ispitanika. U svakoj od ovih grupa izvr&scaron;ena je dodatna podela ispitanika prema dužini trajanja arterijske hipertenzije na one kod kojih je arterijska hipertenzija trajala do 5 godina, one kod kojih je trajala od 5 do 10 godina i na one sa trajanjem arterijske hipertenzije vi&scaron;e od 10 godina. Svim ispitanicima rađen je incijalno 24-časovni ambulantni monitoring arterijskog krvnog pritiska, a nakon toga i ehokardiografski pregled radi određivanja parametara morfologije leve pretkomore i komore, kao i dijastolne funkcije leve komore. Rezultati i diskusija: nakon statističke obrade podataka dobijeni su rezultati koji ukazuju da se dijastolna disfunkcija stepena većeg od I statistički značajno če&scaron;će (p=0,011) uočava kod onih ispitanika koji nemaju očuvan dnevno-noćni ritam arterijskog krvnog pritiska. Naru&scaron;en dnevno-noćni ritam arterijskog krvnog pritiska takođe dovodi do povećanja indeksirane mase miokarda leve komore prema povr&scaron;ini tela ispitanika (LVM/BSA) &ndash; p=0,001; do zadebljanja zidova leve komore (IVS/PLW) &ndash; p=0,025, kao i do smanjenja sistolne brzine miokarda na nivou septalnog dela mitralnog anulusa (s&rsquo;) - p&lt;0,0005. Pored ovoga, u grupi onih sa naru&scaron;enim dnevno-noćnim ritmom arterijskog krvnog pritiska primećeno je če&scaron;će prisustvo ekscentrične hipertrofije miokarda leve komore (p=0,027). U odnosu na geometriju i funkciju leve pretkomore, naru&scaron;en dnevno-noćni ritam arterijskog krvnog pritiska dovodi do promena u smislu povećanja antero-posteriornog dijametra leve pretkomore (LA)-p=0,003; maksimalnog volumena leve pretkomore u komorskoj sistoli (LAVs) &ndash;p=0,007; indeksiranog LAVs prema povr&scaron;ini tela ispitanika (LAVs/BSA)-p&lt;,0005; E/e&rsquo; odnosa &ndash;p=0,040; rezervoarnog strain-a leve pretkomore (PLAS)- p=0,004; krutosti leve pretkomore (stiffness)-p=0,047, kao i brzine propagacije talasa kroz mitralni otvor (Vp)-p=0,029. Sa povećanjem dužine trajanja arterijske hipertenzije takođe su pokazane promene u morfologiji i funkciji leve pretkomore i leve komore srca. Dijastolna disfunkcija stepena većeg od I retko je bila uočena u grupi onih koji su arterijsku hipertenziju lečili kraće od 5 godina, a njeno prisustvo u ispitivanim grupama trajanja od 5 do 10 godina i duže od 10 godina bilo je statistički značajno če&scaron;će (p&lt;0,0005). Takođe, sa trajanjem arterijske hipertenzije statistički značajno se menjaju i parametri leve komore za koje smo pokazali da su pogor&scaron;ani kada dnevno-noćni ritam arterijskog krvnog pritiska nije očuvan, s tim &scaron;to smo ovde uočili i značajne promene u smislu postojanja lo&scaron;ijih vrednosti strain-a leve komore (LVGS)-p&lt;0,0005. Na sličan način kao i u odnosu na dnevno-noćni ritam arterijskog krvnog pritiska, menjao se predominantni oblik hipertrofije miokarda leve komore, te je uočeno značajno če&scaron;će (p=0,017) prisustvo ekscentrične hipertrofije kod ispitanika koji su duže lečili arterijsku hipertenziju. Uz ove promene, sa trajanjem arterijske hipertenzije, uočene su i promene sledećih ehokardiografskih parametara leve pretkomore (p&lt;0,0005): LA, LAVs, LAVs/BSA, E/e&rsquo;, PLAS, stiffness, Vp. Na kraju, formiran je i model za dijagnostiku dijastolne disfunkcije stepena većeg od I koji je testiran na 30 novih ispitanika i koji se pokazao kao kvalitetan uz visoku senzitivnost i specifičnost. Zaključak: arterijska hipertenzija dnevno-noćnim oscilacijama (ritmom), ali i svojim trajanjem dovodi do promena u funkciji i geometriji leve pretkomore i komore srca. Noviji ehokardiografski parametri (PLAS, LVGS, stiffness) su dobri pokazatelji ranih promena na nivou leve pretkomore i komore srca kod pacijenata sa arterijskom hipertenzijom.</p> / <p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Author>Vukadin Milankov</o:Author> <o:Version>16.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> 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Para o diagnóstico de rejeição celular foi utilizado o Doppler tecidual para o estudo da movimentação miocárdica de 14 regiões de 54 pacientes transplantados que realizaram 129 biópsias endomiocárdicas do ventrículo direito. Foram comparadas as médias e desvios padrão das velocidades de movimentação entre os pacientes com e sem rejeição celular = 3A.Verificou-se que a velocidade de movimentação diastólica tardia do anel lateral do ventrículo esquerdo quando menor do que 5,6 cm/s, isoladamente, apresentou sensibilidade de 73,8% e na análise multivariada encontrou-se modelo matemático com um conjunto de seis parâmetros, com sensibilidade de 88,2% para o diagnóstico de rejeição celular = 3A / For the diagnosis of cellular acute cardiac allograft rejection pulsed tissue Doppler imaging was used for measuring myocardial wall motion of 14 sites of 54 transplant patients who underwent 129 endomyocardial biopsies.The mean and standard deviation of myocardial velocities among patients displaying or not acute rejection = 3A were compared.It was observed that the analysis of late diastolic mitral annular motion at lateral site on its own showed a sensibility of 73.8% (5.6 cm/s was the best cut off value) and in the multivariate analysis a mathematical model was found with a set of 6 parameters with a sensibility of 88.2% for the diagnosis of cellular rejection = 3A

Estudou-se pela ecocardiografia em imagem fundamental, 30 pacientes no período pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca que encontravam se sob ventilação mecânica. Analisou-se o índice de escore de delineamento endocárdico (IEDE), a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) pelo método de estimativa visual, e os fluxos transvalvares pelo Doppler espectral e mapeamento de fluxo em cores antes e após a administração de um contraste ecocardiográfico a base de microbolhas. O IEDE passou de 1,53±0,63 para 2,01±0,56 após o uso do contraste (p < 0.001) e a FEVE pôde ser estimada em 27 de 30 exames após o uso do mesmo. Houve uma mudança na quantificação da insuficiência mitral em 5 exames, no gradiente de pico transvalvar aórtico em 1 paciente e no gradiente transvalvar de pico tricúspide em 8 pacientes / We studied by echocardiography in fundamental imaging (FI), thirty mechanically ventilated post cardiac surgery patients. LV endocardial border delineation score index (EBDSI), estimated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and color and spectral Doppler were analyzed before and after intravenous injection of ultrasound contrast. The use of contrast resulted in a significant increase in the number of well-delineated segments. EBDSI was 1.53±0.63, before contrast, increasing to 2.01±0.56 after it (p < 0.001). The LVEF could be evaluated in 27 of 30 exams after contrast. There was a change in the quantification of mitral regurgitation in 5 exams, in the aortic transvalvular peak gradient in 1 patient and measurement of peak flow velocity of tricuspid regurgitation in 8 patients

Vinte e cinco pacientes com tempo de evolução pós-operatório médio de 10,6 ± 5,4 anos após a Operação de Jatene foram submetidos à avaliação da função ventricular esquerda pela ecocardiografia em repouso e durante o estresse farmacológico e à avaliação da circulação coronária pela cinecoronariografia e ultra-som intracoronário. O grupo apresentou função sistólica normal, alteração da função diastólica e reserva miocárdica reduzida. O estudo angiográfico, realizado em vinte e dois casos não revelou obstruções das artérias coronárias. Ao estudo ultra-sonográfico observou-se em todos, espessamento da camada íntima sugerindo processo de aterosclerose coronária precoce / Twenty-five patients underwent echocardiographic left ventricular function assessment at rest and during pharmacological stress and coronary circulation evaluation with coronary angiography and intracoronary ultrasound 10 ± 5,4 years after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Echocardiography revealed a normal left ventricular systolic function, impaired diastolic function and reduced myocardial reserve. No coronary obstruction was observed at angiography however intracoronary ultrasound showed intimal thickening in all, suggesting premature arterioscleroses

Para o diagnóstico de rejeição celular foi utilizado o Doppler tecidual para o estudo da movimentação miocárdica de 14 regiões de 54 pacientes transplantados que realizaram 129 biópsias endomiocárdicas do ventrículo direito. Foram comparadas as médias e desvios padrão das velocidades de movimentação entre os pacientes com e sem rejeição celular = 3A.Verificou-se que a velocidade de movimentação diastólica tardia do anel lateral do ventrículo esquerdo quando menor do que 5,6 cm/s, isoladamente, apresentou sensibilidade de 73,8% e na análise multivariada encontrou-se modelo matemático com um conjunto de seis parâmetros, com sensibilidade de 88,2% para o diagnóstico de rejeição celular = 3A / For the diagnosis of cellular acute cardiac allograft rejection pulsed tissue Doppler imaging was used for measuring myocardial wall motion of 14 sites of 54 transplant patients who underwent 129 endomyocardial biopsies.The mean and standard deviation of myocardial velocities among patients displaying or not acute rejection = 3A were compared.It was observed that the analysis of late diastolic mitral annular motion at lateral site on its own showed a sensibility of 73.8% (5.6 cm/s was the best cut off value) and in the multivariate analysis a mathematical model was found with a set of 6 parameters with a sensibility of 88.2% for the diagnosis of cellular rejection = 3A