Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 B43 / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-04-24Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:45Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000814002.pdf: 1173956 bytes, checksum: f0571023b266097e79a4f39e523f7c80 (MD5) / Acredita-se que as frações ativas de mananoproteinas (FAM), obtidas a partir da extração e fracionamento da parede celular de leveduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) possam modular de forma benéfica o sistema imune. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos imunológicos das FAM em cães adultos e idosos. Foram empregadas três dietas extrusadas, isonutritivas com inclusão de 0% (T0); 0,04% (T400) e 0,08% de FAM (T800). No total, foram utilizados 36 cães da raça beagle. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de idade (adultos e idosos) e dieta (T0, T400 e T800), gerando seis tratamentos experimentais. Para cada dieta foram utilizados seis cães adultos (4,0±2,0 anos) e seis cães idosos (11,0±1,0 anos). O experimento seguiu delineamento em blocos, com três blocos de 12 cães (seis adultos e seis idosos, dois cães por idade e dieta). Nos dias zero, 14 e 28, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para fenotipagem dos leucócitos sanguíneos e ensaio de fagocitose. Nos dias zero e 28 foram realizados: hemogramas, análises bioquímicas, teste de linfoproliferação, produção de intermediários reativos do oxigênio (H2O2) e nitrogênio (NO), avaliação da concentração de imunoglobulina A fecal e teste de hipersensibilidade cutânea tardia (DTH). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com medidas repetidas no tempo, exceto o DTH, no qual se analisou separadamente cada tempo do período experimental. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). A FAM mostrou-se segura nos teores e períodos estudados. Aos 28 dias, cães adultos alimentados com a dieta T400 em relação à T0 apresentaram contagens mais elevadas de linfócitos totais (p<0,05). Ao analisar a fenotipagem dos leucócitos sanguíneos demonstrou-se que, mais especificamente, o consumo de 0,04% de FAM pelos cães adultos elevou a contagem de linfócitos T totais (p=0,05). Independente da idade, neutrófilos de cães alimentados com T400, em relação à dieta ... / It is believed that the active fractions mananoproteínas (AFM), obtained from the extraction and fractionation of cell wall of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), may beneficially modulate the immune system. This study evaluated the immunological effects of FAM in adults or elderly dogs. Three extruded diets with isonutritives including 0% (T0); 0.04% (T400) and 0.08% of AFM (T800) were used. In total, 36 beagle dogs were used. The treatments resulted from the combination of age (adults and elderly) and diet (T0, T400 and T800), generating six experimental treatments. For each diet six adult dogs (4.0 ± 2.0 years) and six elderly dogs (11.0 ± 1.0 years) were used. The experiment was randomized complete block design with three blocks of 12 dogs (six older and six adults, two dogs by age and diet). At zero, 14 and 28 days, blood samples were collected for phenotyping of blood leukocytes and evaluation of phagocytic activity. In zero and 28 days, hemogram, biochemical analysis, lymphocyte proliferation, production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), evaluation of the concentration of fecal immunoglobulin A and delayed test hypersensitivity (DTH) were performed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance with repeated measures, except DTH, in which we analyzed separately each time the trial period. Means were compared by Tukey test (p≤0.05). The AFM was safe in the levels and periods. At 28 days, adult dogs fed the diet T400 relative to T0 had higher counts of total lymphocytes (p<0.05). By analyzing the phenotype of the blood leucocytes was shown that, more specifically, adult dogs consuming 0.04% of the AFM increased the amount of total T-lymphocytes (p=0.05). Regardless of age, neutrophils from dogs fed T400, relative to T0 diet, tended to produce more H2O2 (p=0.09). Higher percentage of phagocytic activity of neutrophils were observed in adult dogs fed on T400 compared to the T800 diet (p<0.05). The skin response ...

Orientador: Marcio Antonio Brunetto / Coorientador: Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi / Banca: Helio Jose Montassier / Banca: Ricardo Souza Vasconcellos / Resumo: Acredita-se que as frações ativas de mananoproteinas (FAM), obtidas a partir da extração e fracionamento da parede celular de leveduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) possam modular de forma benéfica o sistema imune. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos imunológicos das FAM em cães adultos e idosos. Foram empregadas três dietas extrusadas, isonutritivas com inclusão de 0% (T0); 0,04% (T400) e 0,08% de FAM (T800). No total, foram utilizados 36 cães da raça beagle. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de idade (adultos e idosos) e dieta (T0, T400 e T800), gerando seis tratamentos experimentais. Para cada dieta foram utilizados seis cães adultos (4,0±2,0 anos) e seis cães idosos (11,0±1,0 anos). O experimento seguiu delineamento em blocos, com três blocos de 12 cães (seis adultos e seis idosos, dois cães por idade e dieta). Nos dias zero, 14 e 28, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para fenotipagem dos leucócitos sanguíneos e ensaio de fagocitose. Nos dias zero e 28 foram realizados: hemogramas, análises bioquímicas, teste de linfoproliferação, produção de intermediários reativos do oxigênio (H2O2) e nitrogênio (NO), avaliação da concentração de imunoglobulina A fecal e teste de hipersensibilidade cutânea tardia (DTH). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância com medidas repetidas no tempo, exceto o DTH, no qual se analisou separadamente cada tempo do período experimental. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). A FAM mostrou-se segura nos teores e períodos estudados. Aos 28 dias, cães adultos alimentados com a dieta T400 em relação à T0 apresentaram contagens mais elevadas de linfócitos totais (p<0,05). Ao analisar a fenotipagem dos leucócitos sanguíneos demonstrou-se que, mais especificamente, o consumo de 0,04% de FAM pelos cães adultos elevou a contagem de linfócitos T totais (p=0,05). Independente da idade, neutrófilos de cães alimentados com T400, em relação à dieta ... / Abstract: It is believed that the active fractions mananoproteínas (AFM), obtained from the extraction and fractionation of cell wall of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), may beneficially modulate the immune system. This study evaluated the immunological effects of FAM in adults or elderly dogs. Three extruded diets with isonutritives including 0% (T0); 0.04% (T400) and 0.08% of AFM (T800) were used. In total, 36 beagle dogs were used. The treatments resulted from the combination of age (adults and elderly) and diet (T0, T400 and T800), generating six experimental treatments. For each diet six adult dogs (4.0 ± 2.0 years) and six elderly dogs (11.0 ± 1.0 years) were used. The experiment was randomized complete block design with three blocks of 12 dogs (six older and six adults, two dogs by age and diet). At zero, 14 and 28 days, blood samples were collected for phenotyping of blood leukocytes and evaluation of phagocytic activity. In zero and 28 days, hemogram, biochemical analysis, lymphocyte proliferation, production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), evaluation of the concentration of fecal immunoglobulin A and delayed test hypersensitivity (DTH) were performed. Data were subjected to analysis of variance with repeated measures, except DTH, in which we analyzed separately each time the trial period. Means were compared by Tukey test (p≤0.05). The AFM was safe in the levels and periods. At 28 days, adult dogs fed the diet T400 relative to T0 had higher counts of total lymphocytes (p<0.05). By analyzing the phenotype of the blood leucocytes was shown that, more specifically, adult dogs consuming 0.04% of the AFM increased the amount of total T-lymphocytes (p=0.05). Regardless of age, neutrophils from dogs fed T400, relative to T0 diet, tended to produce more H2O2 (p=0.09). Higher percentage of phagocytic activity of neutrophils were observed in adult dogs fed on T400 compared to the T800 diet (p<0.05). The skin response ... / Mestre

The effect of feeding colostrum or milk to newborn calves on serum cortisol, thyroxine and immunoglobulin G was investigated. Twenty-four calves (12 males and 12 females) were obtained immediately postpartum and randomly assigned to one of two rations after being blocked by breed and sex. Both rations were force-fed at birth, 12, 24 and 36 h postpartum. Blood sampling was performed at 0 time, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12 h postfeeding with this regime followed for a 48 h period (4 feedings). The average serum cortisol concentration was highest at birth, 221.9 and 245.6 ng/ml for colostrum and milk-fed calves, respectively. Cortisol levels between treatments were different (P<.05) at 2, 3, 12, 14, 18, 24, 37 and 48 h postpartum. The sex of the calf did not affect the mean cortisol concentrations. No treatment difference was observed for serum thyroxine. A sex difference was observed with the female calves exhibiting higher average thyroxine concentrations over the entire trial. A reduction in thyroxine concentration occurred with time (P<.001) as mean concentrations peaked at 4 h postpartum (22.1 μg/dl) and declined to 10.6 μg/dl by 48 h postpartum. Both treatment groups were born with similar serum immunoglobulin G levels (~0.7 mg/ml). However, at approximately 4 h postpartum, the colostrum-fed calves acquired an increase (P<.001) in serum immunoglobulin G, peaking at 24 h postpartum (26.83 mg/ml) and remaining much higher throughout the entire trial. There was a treatment difference (P<.001) between the two groups following the 4 h sample. Muscle samples (20-30g) were surgically removed from the right semitendinosus at 36 h postpartum from 14 neonatal beef calves (male and female), homogenized, and centrifuged at 105,000 x g at 4 C for 60 min. The supernatant (cytosol) was harvested and receptor quantitation, binding kinetics and ligand specificity assays were performed via [1,2,4,³H] dexamethasone. There were no binding differences between the colostrum and milk-fed calves' muscle samples. The average protein content of the muscle cytosol fraction was 50.82 mg/ml. The binding component displayed a high apparent equilibrium dissociation constant for the binding of [³H] dexamethasone (K_d = 2.34x10 ⁻⁸ ). The apparent maximum number of binding sites determined from Scatchard plots was approximately 37.61 fmol/mg of protein in the case of the dexamethasone receptor. Maximum binding appeared to reached between 16 and 24 h (48.5 and 48.2 %, respectively). Competition assays indicated all of the ligands tested had an affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor. The percent of specific binding for each was: dexamethasone (66+/-14), corticosterone (52+/-10), cortisol (58+/-13), estradiol-17, beta (37+/-7), progesterone (29+/-9), testosterone (10+/-3), and triamcinolone (41+/-11). / Master of Science

Four trials were conducted to examine the pattern of creep feed consumption of nursing pigs and the effect of creep feeding - from 10 d to weaning at 28 d - a 20% crude protein corn-soybean meal and dried whole whey diet (REG, 9 litters) containing 1.0% chromic oxide for detection of creep feed consumption, or the same diet with 2.7% ovalbumin (OVA) added as a dietary antigen (14 litters), or no creep feed (CON, 11 litters) on the immune response, scouring index, and subsequent performance of weanling pigs. All nursing pigs were denied access to sow feeders but had water ad libitum. At weaning, pigs were fed either a 20% corn-soybean meal diet, with or without 2.7% OVA. Creep-fed litters began eating at 11 d of age and disappearance of creep feed increased linearly until weaning (P < .01). However, the presence of chromic oxide in the feces was not consistently observed in the same pigs thus suggesting that creep consumption by individual pigs was quite variable. Average feed consumption based on total creep disappearance per litter was 13 to 194 g/pig preweaning. Daily gain and body weight of nursing pigs was similar during the first 4 wk. Pigs from larger litters had lower birth weights (P < .05), lower 4 wk body weights (P < .09) and daily gains (P < .09), as well as less feed disappearance per pig (P < .02). Pigs fed the OVA diet had higher (P > .001) antibody titers to OVA than did pigs receiving the REG or CON treatments at 14, 21, or 28 d of age. At 56 d and 63 d, all pigs given an OVA injection (at 49 d 1 ml of 3 mg/ml OVA) responded, (P < . 001) with the lowest titers for REG pigs, intermediate for CON pigs, and the highest for OVA pigs during the nursery phase. Scouring began 4 to 5 d postweaning with creep-fed pigs scouring slightly more. Feed consumption, although not statistically different, was higher (P = .18) during the first week postweaning for CON pigs and was consistent throughout the study, but daily gains and feed efficiency were similar. In summary, creep feed disappearance begins increases linearly until weaning with no effect on cumulative daily gain or body weight. While larger litters consume more total feed, smaller litters consume more feed per pig. Creep feeding had some effect on antibody response and scouring our results suggest little apparent effect on postweaning performance. / Master of Science

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / "August 2006" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mississippi State University. College of Veterinary Medicine. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Luís Guilherme de Oliveira / Abstract: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae é o agente etiológico da Pneumonia Enzoótica Suína (PES), enfermidade de distribuição mundial, e responsável por prejuízos como queda no ganho de peso diário e aumento da susceptibilidade dos animais acometidos a infecções respiratórias secundárias mais graves. Os principais fatores envolvidos na formação de lesão de consolidação crânio-ventral em suínos infectados ainda não são bem elucidados. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivo esclarecer os principais fatores imunológicos e de carga bacteriana envolvidos na formação de lesões macroscópicas, bem como a dinâmica do agente em quatro pontos no tempo da fase aguda da enfermidade em suínos experimentalmente infectados. Para este fim, 24 suínos provenientes de fazenda livre de M. hyopneumoniae foram divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=8) e infectados (n=16). No dia 0 pós-infecção (dpi) os animais do grupo infectado foram inoculados com inóculo de pulmão contendo 106 CCU∕mL de M.hyopneumoniae, pela via intratraqueal, enquanto os animais do grupo controle foram inoculados com 5 mL de meio esterilizado. Semanalmente, os animais foram examinados, pesados e amostras de sangue e suabes nasais foram colhidas. Nos dias 14, 28, 42 e 56 pós-infecção quatro animais infectados e dois controles foram eutanasiados e necropsiados. Durante as necropsias realizou-se o escore de lesão pulmonar macroscópica e foram colhidas amostras biológicas de lesão pulmonar (qPCR e histopatologia), lavado traqueobrônquico (LTB... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

<p>  </p> <p>Little is known about pullet stress and welfare and even less is known about pullets in cage-free housing. The studies included in this dissertation evaluated bird responses to stocking density, feeder space, and ACTH stressors in pullets. The project and procedures were reviewed and approved by the Purdue University Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol#:2001002002 and # 1908001938).  </p> <p>Two studies of external stressors and one study of an internal stressor were applied to Lohmann LB-Lite (Brown) and Lohmann LSL-Lite (White) pullets. For both studies of an external stressor, bird-based welfare parameters included evaluation of bird appearance through feather coverage, foot condition, and keel condition; blood parameters, i.e., cholesterol, corticosterone, cortisol, NDV/IBV IgG/IgY titer, and differential WBC (%) and heterophil to lymphocyte ratio; measurements of the spleen, bursa, thymus, and liver; and production values measured through body weight, body weight uniformity, shank length, feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds were followed from 2-16 weeks of age (WOA) for the external stressors and were housed on the floor.</p> <p>The first external stressor was applied through a 2 x 2 factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) using Brown and White strains and two stocking densities- high (HSD) and low (LSD). Stocking densities were adjusted over time, with the ending density of 670 cm2/bird for HSD and 1352 cm2/bird for LSD at 16 WOA. Density alone affected relative bursal weight (%), with LSD generating heavier bursas. LSD also generated lower, better FCR for both white and brown strains though this difference was not statistically significant. Within a density, opposing strain effects were seen for body weight uniformity and feather coverage. White was improved at HSD while Brown was improved for LSD. </p> <p>The second external stressor study was a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial RCBD with Brown and White, 2 feeder space allocations (3.5 or 7 cm/bird), and 3 stocking densities. The ending stocking densities were 154.45, 518.76, and 1,247.38 cm2 for the high (HSD), medium (MSD), and low (LSD) stocking density treatments, respectively, at 16 WOA. In this study, less space per bird was associated with poorer feather condition but improved FCR. Reduced feeder space was associated with elevated or worse FCR.</p> <p>In a study of internal stressors, ten each of Lohmann LSL-Lite hens received either a saline-mannitol or synthetic human ACTH injection at 6, 17, and 26 weeks of age. Blood was collected prior to injection and 1- and 2-hours post-injection. H:L ratio, WBC differential counts, corticosterone, and cortisol were measured in blood. Albumen samples were collected to measure corticosterone and cortisol at 26 WOA only but were unaffected by treatment. Serum corticosterone and H:L ratio were also unaffected by treatment. Serum cortisol was increased 1 hour after ACTH injection at 17 and 26 WOA and percent heterophils and lymphocytes were affected by ACTH at 26 WOA indicating potential utility as a measure of stress for adult birds only. </p> <p>The results of these studies show that pullets are resilient and resistant to several stressors. Both acute and chronic as well as internal and external stressors were tested in these studies with limited effects on the birds’ physiology, immunity, condition, or production. Feather coverage and bursal size were improved at lower stocking densities and FCR was improved at greater feeder space but the implications of these differences are unclear. Further research is needed to identify why there are reduced stress responses in pullets; it is possible that domestication or preserved evolutionary pathways explain some of the differences between pullet and adult stress responses. And while the majority of parameters were unaffected by the stressors used, the results of this study presented baseline values for Lohmann LB-Lite and Lohmann LSL-Lite pullets that will help guide future research. Additionally, the results of these studies left perhaps more questions than answers but illustrate perfectly that more research will be critical to an understanding of pullet stress and welfare.</p>