Traditional dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) consist of a mass-spring-damper system and are an effective means of attenuating structural vibration over a narrow frequency band. The effective bandwidth of the DVA can be increased by the addition of an externally controlled force, generally applied between the reaction-mass and the primary structure. Such devices are known as hybrid DVAs. This thesis presents a new hybrid DVA configuration which utilizes two reaction-masses in parallel. On this proposed hybrid dual-mass (DM) DVA, the control force is applied between the reaction-masses. It is shown that in broadband control applications, the proposed DM-DVA requires less control force to achieve the same primary attenuation as the traditional hybrid single-mass (SM) DVA. The hybrid DM-DVA was compared to the hybrid SM-DVA with two tests. A numerical simulation of the hybrid DVAs attenuating a single-degree-of-freedom structure was performed. To achieve an equal amount of primary attenuation, the hybrid SM-DVA required 65% higher root-mean-square (RMS) control effort than the hybrid DV-DVA. The numerical model also demonstrated that the hybrid DM-DVA was less sensitive to changes in the system as compared to the hybrid SM-DVA. Additionally, a prototype hybrid DVA was built which could be configured as either the hybrid SM or DM-DVA. The prototype hybrid DVA was used with the feedforward Filtered-X LMS algorithm to control the vibration of a fixed-free beam. The hybrid SM and DM-DVAs attenuated the primary response by a factor of 11.5 and 12.3, while requiring control efforts of 4.9 and 2.7 V/N RMS, respectively. Thus, the hybrid DM-DVA required 45% less control effort while yielding a higher attenuation ratio in this experiment. These results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed DM-DVA for broadband control applications as compared to the traditional SM-DVA. / Master of Science

Passive control techniques to minimize structural vibrations are limited with respect to the amount of attenuation obtained especially in the low-frequency region but do not require adding any power. Active control methods are effective for reducing structural vibrations, especially at low frequencies, but may require significant control effort. Thus, passive and active control methods have complementary frequency ranges of application. This research consists of combining active and passive control techniques to simultaneously attenuate extensional and flexural power flows in infinite thin beams and determine the advantages and disadvantages of such a combination. An analytical model is developed for an infinite beam with a passive insert of high damping placed at some distance from a point force excitation (passive approach). The passive control of vibrations results in a reduction of both extensional and flexural power flows downstream of the passive material discontinuity. The simultaneous active control of extensional and flexural waves, using two co-located independent piezoceramic actuators bonded to the surface of the beam, is theoretically studied. The active control model shows that the use of two independent piezoceramic actuators allows complete cancellation of the total power flow (sum of the extensional and flexural power flows) downstream of the actuators. The combination of passive and active control methods for three different configurations (actuators located upstream of, downstream of, and on the passive insert) is investigated and complete control of the total power flow is again achieved. The results demonstrate that in the case of the actuators bonded to the passive material discontinuity, the active/passive combination has great potential for reducing the control effort required for the active controller. Finally, an approximation of the influence of heavy fluid flanking paths on the optimal active/passive system is developed by simulation of these flanking paths using axial and torsional springs. This last study shows that both axial and torsional springs will result in modification of the control effort required by the actuators if their respective stiffness is greater than the equivalent stiffness of the section in parallel with the springs. / Master of Science

<p dir="ltr">This motorsport thesis explores the complete electrification of an IndyCar by simulations. Initial research was conducted on stock IndyCar specifications, and concurrently, a sequential approach was developed for MATLAB-based simulations to generate comprehensive results. The study aims to integrate extensive insights gained from courses such as Vehicle Dynamics, Aerodynamics, Data Acquisition, and Electric Powertrains, alongside practical experience from racing internships. The goal is to comprehend the impact of this conversion on engineering parameters. The analysis specifically emphasizes the engineering aspects, with a particular focus on the longitudinal dynamics of the vehicle through quarter-mile simulations.</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-05-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:55:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galavotti_tv_me_ilha.pdf: 4073080 bytes, checksum: 0605ef5edb68c7bc2b71f8c976c0fe09 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nos últimos anos, as indústrias têm mostrado bastante interesse no desenvolvimento de novas técnicas para o controle de vibrações. O objetivo principal é atribuir valores aceitáveis das amplitudes de vibrações nos sistemas, garantindo um bom funcionamento dos mesmos e evitando falhas que provoquem paradas abruptas, mostrando-se uma área científica muito importante e que aproxima vários campos da engenharia moderna. Atualmente essa tecnologia é crescente e grande investimento tem sido aplicado no seu desenvolvimento. Este trabalho apresenta resultados obtidos para técnicas ativas e semi-ativas de controle de vibrações, considerando que as modificações estruturais são provenientes da alteração da rigidez e amortecimento. Utiliza-se para essa análise, Amortecedores Ativos Controlados por Atuadores Piezelétricos, denominados em inglês por Piezoelectric Friction Damper (PFD). A aplicação da metodologia é realizada em máquinas rotativas modeladas pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos e em um protótipo projetado e construído em laboratório. Os resultados procuram atenuar os níveis de vibrações e demonstram a viabilidade da aplicação de PFDs em estruturas. / Nowadays industries have shown great interest in developing new techniques for vibration control. The target is getting acceptable values of the amplitudes of vibrations in systems, ensuring proper working order avoiding failures. This is a scientific area of very important and approach fields of modern engineering. Currently this technology is growing and large investments has been applied in its development. This paper presents results obtained for active and semi-active techniques vibration control, where the structural changes are from the modification of stiffness and damping. It is used for this analysis a system known by Piezoelectric Friction Damper (PFD). The methodology was applied in rotating machines modeled by finite element method and in a prototype designed and built in the laboratory. The results try to mitigate the vibration levels and demonstrate the feasibility of applying PFDs in rotating machine.

No description available.

Noise emission is a major drawback of the positive displacement machine. The noise source can be divided into structure borne noise source (SBNS) and fluid borne noise source (FBNS). Passive techniques such as valve plate optimization have been used for noise reduction of axial piston machines. However, passive techniques are only effective for limited operating conditions or at least need compromises in design. In this paper, active vibration control of swash plate is investigated for vibration and noise reduction over a wide range of operating conditions as an additional method to passive noise reduction techniques. A 75cc pump has been modified for implementation of active vibration control using the swash plate. One tri-axial acceleration sensor and one angle sensor are installed on the swash plate and a high speed servovalve is used for the swash plate actuation. The multi-frequency two-weight least mean square (LMS) filter synthesizes the servovalve input signal to generate a destructive interference force which minimizes the swash plate vibration. An experimental test setup has been realized using Labview field-programmable gate array (FPGA) via cRIO. Simulation and experimental studies are conducted to investigate the possibility of active vibration control.

The target of the research is to employ the autoresonant control technique in order to maintain the nonlinear oscillation mode at resonance (i.e. ultrasonic vibration at the tip of a drill bit at a constant level) during vibro-impact process. Numerical simulations and experiments have been executed. A simplified Matlab-Simulink model which simulates the ultrasonically assisted machining process consists of two parts. The first part represents an ultrasonic transducer that contains a piezoelectric transducer and a 2-step concentrator (waveguide). The second part reflects the applied load to the ultrasonic transducer due to the vibro-impact process. Parameters of the numerical models have been established based on experimental measurements and the model validity has been confirmed through experiments performed on an electromechanical ultrasonic transducer. The model of the ultrasonic transducer together with the model of the applied load was supplemented with a model of the autoresonant control system. The autoresonant control intends to provide the possibility of self-tuning and self-adaptation mechanism for an ultrasonic transducer to maintain its resonant regime of oscillations automatically by means of positive feedback. This is done through a signal to be controlled (please refer to Figure 7.2 and Figure 7.3) transformation and amplification. In order to examine the effectiveness and the efficiency of the autoresonant control system, three control strategies have been employed depending on the attributes of the signals to be controlled . Mechanical feedback control uses a displacement signal at the end of the 2nd step of the ultrasonic transducer. The other two control strategies are current feedback control and power feedback control. Current feedback control employs the electrical current flowing through the piezoceramic rings (piezoelectric transducer) as the signal to be controlled while power feedback control takes into account both the electrical current and the power of the ultrasonic transducer. Comparison of the results of the ultrasonic vibrating system excitation with different control strategies is presented. It should be noted that during numerical simulation the tool effect is not considered due to the complexity of a drill bit creates during the Ultrasonically Assisted Drilling (UAD) process. An effective autoresonant control system was developed and manufactured for machining experiments. Experiments on Ultrasonically Assisted Drilling (UAD) have been performed to validate and compare with the numerical results. Two sizes of drill bits with diameters 3mm and 6mm were applied in combination with three autoresonant control strategies. These were executed during drilling aluminium alloys with one fixed rotational speed associated with several different feed rates. Vibration levels, control efforts, feed force reduction were monitored during experiments. Holes quality and surface finish examinations supplement analysis of the autoresonant control results. In addition, another interesting research on the investigation of the universal matchbox (transformer) has been carried out. Introducing a varying air gap between two ferrite cores allows the optimization of the ultrasonic vibrating system, in terms of the vibration level, effective matchbox inductance, voltage and current level, phase difference between voltage and current, supplied active power etc (more details please refer to Appendix I).

A study on shape memory alloy materials as vibration dampers is reported. An important component is the strain rate-dependent and temperature-dependent constitutive behavior of shape memory alloy, which can significantly change its energy dissipation capacity under cyclic loading. The constitutive model used accounts for the thermo-mechanical strain rate-dependent behavior and phase transformation. With increasing structural flexibility, the hysteretic loop size of shape memory alloy dampers increases due to increasing strain rates, thus further decreasing the response of the structure to cyclic excitation. The structure examined is a beam, and its behavior with shape memory alloy dampers is compared to the same beam with conventional dampers. Parametric studies reveal the superior performance of the shape memory alloy over the conventional dampers even at the resonance frequency of the beam-damper system. An important behavior of the shape memory alloy dampers is discovered, in that they absorb energy from the fundamental and higher vibration modes. In contrast, the conventional dampers transfer energy to higher modes. For the same beam control, the stiffness requirement for the shape memory alloy dampers is significantly less than that of the conventional dampers. Response quantities of interest show improved performance of the shape memory alloy over the conventional dampers under varying excitation intensity, frequency, temperature, and strain rate.

<p>The presence of vibration is an important problem in many engineering applications. Various passive techniques have traditionally been used in order to reduce waves and vibrations, and their harmful effects. Passive techniques are, however, difficult to apply in the low frequency region. In addition, the use of passive techniques often involve adding mass to the system, which is undesirable in many applications.</p><p>As an alternative, active techniques can be used to manipulate system dynamics and to control the propagation of waves and vibrations. This thesis deals with modeling, estimation and active control of systems that have resonant dynamics. The systems are exposed to stochastic disturbances. Some of them excite the system and generate vibrational responses and other corrupt measured signals. </p><p>Feedback control of a beam with attached piezoelectrical elements is studied. A detailed modeling approach is described and system identification techniques are employed for model order reduction. Disturbance attenuation of a non-measured variable shows to be difficult. This issue is further analyzed and the problems are shown to depend on fundamental design limitations.</p><p>Feedforward control of traveling waves is also considered. A device with properties analogous to those of an electrical diode is introduced. An `ideal´ feedforward controller based on the mechanical properties of the system is derived. It has, however, poor noise rejection properties and it therefore needs to be modified. A number of feedforward controllers that treat the measurement noise in a statistically sound way are derived.</p><p>Separation of overlapping traveling waves is another topic under investigation. This operation also is sensitive to measurement noise. The problem is thoroughly analyzed and Kalman filtering techniques are employed to derive wave estimators with high statistical performance. </p><p>Finally, a nonlinear regression problem with close connections to unbalance estimation of rotating machinery is treated. Different estimation techniques are derived and analyzed with respect to their statistical accuracy. The estimators are evaluated using the example of separator balancing. </p>

Ao empregar a teoria de controle para a dinâmica de uma estrutura, é possível projetar um observador potencialmente complexo que a partir da leitura de apenas um sensor estime o estado do sistema e determine os modos de vibração presentes. Este trabalho, no entanto, estuda o uso de filtros modais em controle de vibrações, com a motivação de que essa estratégia dependa de menos componentes eletrônicos. O objetivo é encontrar um filtro modal que possua alto desempenho em malha fechada mesmo com um número reduzido de sensores. Primeiramente foi desenvolvido o modelo dinâmico do sistema em malha aberta, com posterior otimização do filtro modal por meio do método do ponto interior. Depois, foi desenvolvido o modelo dinâmico do sistema em malha fechada. A seguir, um algoritmo genético otimizou o sistema de controle de vibrações seguindo duas metodologias. A primeira considera apenas as posições dos sensores como variáveis de otimização, enquanto a segunda leva em consideração não só as posições dos sensores como também os ganhos do filtro modal e o ganho de retroalimentação de velocidade. Os resultados do estudo do sistema em malha aberta mostram que se trata se um problema de otimização não-convexa, mas todas as tentativas levaram a crer que o mínimo global tenha sido encontrado para a função objetivo proposta, baseada no desvio quadrático da função de resposta em frequência do filtro modal com relação a uma referência pré-estabelecida. Os resultados do estudo do sistema em malha fechada mostram que considerar as posições e os ganhos como variáveis de otimização levam a um filtro modal mais conveniente do que o que é obtido levando-se em consideração apenas as posições. Finalmente, a partir da interpretação dos resultados, conclui-se que mesmo com um filtro modal composto por 5 sensores é possível ainda desenvolver um sistema de controle de vibrações que seja de fase mínima. Apesar de existir spillover de observação do ponto de vista de um filtro modal, nota-se que todos os modos estão em fase, o que acaba por ser até benéfico para o sistema de controle de vibrações. / The control systems theory may be applied to structural dynamics in order to design a potentially complex observer which is able to estimate the system\'s state from the readings of a sole sensor. This work, though, focused on the application of modal filters in vibration control based on the premise that this strategy will require a simpler hardware. The main target consists of finding a modal filter which can deliver high performance in vibration control despite being composed of a reduced number of sensors. In the first step, a dynamic model of a modal filter on a cantilever beam was developed, followed by an optimization carried on with the interior-point method. Then, the dynamic model of the closed-loop cantilever beam was developed aftwerwards. However, this time a genetic algorithm was used as the optimization method instead, with two methodologies being employed. While the first one considered only the placement of the sensors, the second one also takes into consideration the modal filter gains and the negative velocity feedback gain. The results yielded by the open-loop cantilever beam analysis showed that it is a non-convex optimization problem. However, all of the attempts support the belief that the global minimum has been found in the sense of the proposed objective function, which was based on the quadratic error between the frequency response function (FRF) of the modal filter and an idealized FRF used as reference. The results yielded by the closed-loop system optimization showed that it is more convenient to consider as optimization variables not only the placement of the sensors, but also their gains and the negative velocity feedback gain. Finally, after pondering over the obtained results, it has been concluded that the observation spillover resulting from a modal filter composed of a reduced number of sensors may be turned to the vibration control system\'s favour by means of optimization. The minimal-phase modal filter composed of 5 sensors found in this work stands out as the most notable example in this work, being able to guarantee stability for the first 12 modes since all of them are in-phase.