Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed March 2, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-105).

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This study was carried out in order to get an understanding on how the victims of human trafficking are taken care of in the EU and if the union’s ambition open up for the victim’s empowerment and thereafter also decreases the risk of the survivors to be utilized again in the same or different way. The idea derives from EU’s focus on establishing minimum standards that shall protect and support victims of human trafficking. Through a thematic text analysis where John Friedmann’s disempowerment model was applied, the ambition was to answer the research questions how does the EU work in order to protect and support the victims of human trafficking and does this effort open up for the possibility of the victims to take control over their own lives and livelihood; i.e. being empowered. The result shows that EU’s work to protect and support victims of human trafficking open up for the possibility for the victims to take control over their lives – but that there needs to be similar studies of other actors and agencies in order to see if the work is comprehensive enough and supplements what EU can do.

This study examined whether participants’ attributions of blame and responsibility toward a victim of domestic violence were influenced by whether or not the victim left her abuser. It also looked at whether or not educational information regarding the difficulties of leaving a violent partner would affect these attributions. Participants, all adults from the United States, either read a vignette in which a woman victim of domestic violence stayed with her abusive husband, or left him. Prior to reading the vignette, some participants were given information about the problems associated with leaving a violent partner, and some were not. All participants completed a scale measuring victim blame. No main effects of whether the victim left or whether the participant received information were found on attributions of blame, and there was not a statistically significant interaction between the victim leaving and presence of information. An interaction between whether or not the participant was a victim of domestic violence and the presence of information was found on victim blame, but further research should examine this more closely with a study specifically designed to investigate victims and their perceptions.

This diploma thesis deal with the theme: woman as victim in a collection of stories Simultan from the Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann. The motif of a victim occurs the later work of Ingeborg Bachman, in consequence of it this thesis applies not only with work Simultan, but also with works from Todesarten cycle. The term of victim and connected terms of perpetrator and liberator are described in the second chapter. There is also the analysis of the term ,,simultan?, the whole collection of stories were called after it. Another chapters analyzes the stories ,,Simultan?, ,,Probleme Probleme?, ,,Ihr glücklichen Augen? and ,,Das Gebell?. There are described the perspective of narration and the theme of victim in comparison with other works of Todesarten cycle.

In this paper, I argue that we can identify policies that can increase victim satisfaction with traditional criminal justice systems through analyzing factors that increase victim satisfaction with restorative justice process. First, this paper defines key terms, including “restorative justice,” “traditional criminal justice systems” and “victim.” Next, it analyzes the current literature and identifies why increasing victim satisfaction in traditional criminal justice systems is important. Third, it looks at the state of victim satisfaction with traditional criminal justice systems, and identifies factors that contribute to low satisfaction. Fourth, this paper analyzes the literature examining restorative justice and victim satisfaction, and identifies key factors within restorative justice processes that improve victim satisfaction. Finally, having identified the problems with the traditional criminal justice system and the best practices within restorative justice systems, I propose a number of process changes for traditional criminal justice systems that could increase victim satisfaction.

91 Abstract Thesis title: Assistance to victims of crime This thesis deals with the assistence to victims of crime, mostly in terms of legislation and it's application. It does, however, provide theoretical explanation about victims and it also introduces several subjects, that do actually provide the assistence itself. The thesis works with legislation, that is at the time of thesis writing in effect, but it also deals with an amandement to the Victim of Crime Assistence Act, that was at the time of thesis writing being ratified. The thesis is divided into six chapters, including an introduction and a conclusion. The introduction does only define objectives, which the thesis should aim at. Following chapter defines concepts of both victim and aggrieved person in Czech law and offers comparsion of those concepts and the next chapter contains theoretical treatise about how both criminology and victomology see victims themselves and it also defines the types of harm that the victim can suffer. The core of the thesis, however, lies in the chapter, that deals with legislation. The first part of this chapter pays attention to several parts in the Code of Criminal Procedure and in case of preliminary injunctions it also compares the Code of Criminal Procedure with the rules of civil law. More important part of...

Employing a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology among undergraduate students at the University of Ottawa, this research has explored attributions about sexual assault and the role of perceived intoxication in the context of female and male victims of sexual assault. The use of qualitative methodology and the application of a feminist critique of attribution theory and its contemporary application to rape perception research have contributed to a better understanding of these judgements and the varied ways in which undergraduate students apply the core constructs of responsibility and blame to sexual assault, while simultaneously highlighting the limitations of typically positivistic research in this area. Analyses suggest that the judgements students make about the victims and perpetrators involved in sexual assault are varied and complex, and future research employing a similar methodology and theoretical lens among other populations, both within and outside post-secondary spheres, is warranted.

The study undertaken aims at establishing the relevance, importance as well as justification of the practice of excommunication. The practice is interrogated through the literature review. The main era in which this practice is investigated is the Reformation era under the period of Martin Luther. This is a critical era of a person who is said to have influenced more than 400 million Christians from his time to date. He was the victim of excommunication himself. The study employed a qualitative research method which augmented the literature review by interviewing the victim survivors of the same practice, who shared their ordeal encounters with the kind of brokenness that called for maximum empathy and identification. In the final analysis a comparison of the Pentecostal’s constitution against the mainline denomination’s was done. This reflection revealed a deeper lack of consistency in the exercising of the ritual of excommunication. It is ultimately recommended that a conducive environment should be sought for where the victim survivor will appreciate the excommunication ritual so exercised on him/her. Furthermore, the procedures and processes are encouraged to be observed up to the letter of the word so as to finally bring about the desired healing to the offender when executing excommunication. Excommunication should not be seen as a wielded axe intending to terminate the existence of the weak or the offender. The study recommends a variety of Pastoral Care Methodologies ranging from authorities such as Charles Gerkin, Ann and Edward Wimberly and many other Pastoral Care scholars who advocate for a therapeutic approach when dealing with the wounded victim survivors. The Impact and Effects of Trauma were analysed in minute detail as a window into understanding a person who has undergone excommunication. This information led to the examination of the various behavioural patterns or characteristics resulting from excommunication. Stress resulting from trauma was analyzed as a means of helping with the understating of the desired approach when dealing with the victim survivor of excommunication. Finally a method of Pastoral Care is recommended which is informed by the literature consulted as well as the interviews conducted. This method proposes an establishment of a sound, unbiased and balanced system of approaching the victim survivor from the first phase of inquiring about the admission of guilt to the last stage of the enquiring processes. The system culminates with the therapeutic role the church as community meant to care should embark upon. / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Practical Theology / unrestricted

The Crime of Rape Abstract This thesis focuses on the theme of the crime of rape, both from the criminal law perspective and the criminological perspective. The objective of this thesis is to address some specific aspects of this crime. This qualification work consists of seven chapters. In the first chapter, basic terms related to this theme are explained. Basic body of the crime of rape is analysed in detail, then the relationship between the basic body and qualified bodies and the final part of this chapter analyses the development stages of this crime. This thesis also deals with differences between the crime of rape and the crime of sexual coercion and sexual abuse. One chapter shows a concise overview of how the legislation on the crime of rape has developed since 1961. The so-called Istanbul Convention is mentioned here too, dealing with the crime of rape, which is a very current topic. The chapters four to seven analyse the theme from the criminological perspective and are completed with statistical data presented in a diagram and in charts. First of all, the criminology part shows the typology of the offenders, dividing them in two groups: offenders with a sexual preference disorder and without this disorder. Another chapter deals with the victims of the crime of rape, namely also from the...