Denna studie undersöker olika faktorer som påverkar livestreaming ur mottagare-, sändare- samt teoretiskt perspektiv. För att därigenom skapa en ökad kunskap gällande dess användande och engagemang. Under processen har grundad teori använts som forskningsperspektiv och både kvalitativa intervjuer och fokusgrupper har genomförts. Resultatet visar att där är viktiga steg för att skapa engagemang. Medvetenhet, där mottagaren görs medveten om företaget via spridning. Intresse, där ett intresse skapas med hjälp av innehållet men där vaksamhet bör tas gällande Fear of Missing out respektive Video-On-Demand och dess inverkan på mottagaren. Interaktion och engagemang, där en dialog skapas med mottagaren och en gemenskap byggs upp där publiken är deltagande. Dessa steg leder till lojalitet och förespråkare som är villiga att sprida företaget och dess innehåll vidare. Slutsatsen konstaterar att dessa steg borde ses som en cirkel istället för en trappa. Vilket betyder att alla är lika viktiga delar i att skapa ett engagemang. De bygger även vidare på varandra och det sista steget är inte slutresultatet utan bör ses som en pågående process som leder oss tillbaka till första steget. / This study seeks to explore the motives behind livestreaming from a sender-, receiver- and theoretical perspective. With the aim to create a better understanding for receiver engagement and sender usage. During the process, grounded theory was used as research method and both qualitative interviews and focus groups were implied. The results show that there are important steps to create engagement. Aware, where you make the receiver know about you through coverage. Interest, where you create an interest with the content your making but also watch out for the impact Fear of Missing out and Video-On-Demand might have on the receiver. Interaction and engagement, where you create a dialogue with the receiver and build a community where the audience is participating. These steps lead to loyalty and advocates who are willing to spread you and your content further. In conclusion, these steps are to be approached as a circle rather than a ladder. Meaning that they are all important components of creating engagement. They build on each other and the last step is not the end result but an ongoing progress leading us back to step one.

This thesis describes the phenomena of interactive television, focusing on the development of this technology in the United Kingdom which is considered the country with the largest development of this technology. The thesis starts by defining interactive television as such, dividing it into three main categories. Aside of that a short overview of the evolution of television broadcasting in the United Kingdom is presented, and the term Convergence is explained as it is a crucial one for many of the interactive applications. The second part consists of a case study of evolution of interactive television in the United Kingdom. As it tries to answer the main research question - which technological phases must have happened in the transition from linear to interactive television - the thesis divides interactive television into five main phases. The first phase occurs in the analogue broadcasting era, with Teletext as the first instance of "on demand", and first instance of convergence by using telephone. The second phase starts around 1998 with the start of digitalisation. The new technology allows the providers to launch several new forms of interactivity, such as the walled garden, first applications and others. The third phase, starting around 2002 can be seen as the acceptance of interactivity as a...

This diploma thesis focuses on the news server Seznam Zprávy. Its goal is to find out, how the server established in the period of the first two years since its creation in October 2016. The goal of the work is to describe the specifics of online media and the Internet, which users are able to access not only from technologies such as computer or mobile devices, but also within smart TVs in the form of HbbTV. The main aim of the analytical part is to find out how this news server established itself within the Czech media landscape. The main factor the interest of the audience and the frequency of citations of the diary in other Czech media. News server Seznam Zprávy is compared with other, currently most popular, Czech news online journals: iDNES, Novinky, Denik, Aktualne, Lidovky and iRozhlas. This thesis offers statistics of data about traffic and the numbers of real users available from the NetMonitor.cz. Based on them, it is determined what success the server Seznam Zprávy for the first two years of the audience recorded. In the role of other indicators are the number of citations in other media. Overview of this data has been provided by the online media archive of Newton Media. The last indicator is the interest in social profiles of the medium on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

Submitted by Geyciane Santos (geyciane_thamires@hotmail.com) on 2015-06-18T14:20:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Jhonathan Araújo Oliveira.pdf: 17407325 bytes, checksum: 9ed1cb282822c8dd666684f5cc5e0219 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-19T21:10:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Jhonathan Araújo Oliveira.pdf: 17407325 bytes, checksum: 9ed1cb282822c8dd666684f5cc5e0219 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-19T21:12:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Jhonathan Araújo Oliveira.pdf: 17407325 bytes, checksum: 9ed1cb282822c8dd666684f5cc5e0219 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-19T21:12:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação- Jhonathan Araújo Oliveira.pdf: 17407325 bytes, checksum: 9ed1cb282822c8dd666684f5cc5e0219 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-24 / Scalability and high demand for resources are the main challenges that content providers face in multimedia applications based on networks. For instance, YouTube is one of the most popular delivery systems video on demand, the users send 100 hours of video every minute to its servers and more than four billion hours of video are watched every month. The CDN-P2P systems is widely recognized as a scalable alternative for multimedia content delivery in the Internet. In these systems, the peers from a peerto- peer network (P2P) share their resources thus reducing the demands on the network infrastructure for content delivery (CDN). Moreover, the CDN server to guarantee the availability of content when the peers contributions are limited by the churn, or when the content is is unprecedented to the peers of the P2P network. However, CDN-P2P systems alone do not guarantee the effectiveness of the services, since the peers output that are the only holders of a particular contents can generate congestion around the CDN server and degrade the quality of users experience. This dissertation investigates the contribution of stable peers for availability content on the on the P2P slice form a CDN-P2P system designed to distribute videos similar to those distributed by YouTube. In this way, the data were collected from the real YouTube Web site, exploring the potential of the users that have been access the playlists to characterize the stability of the peers in the system. The assumption about the effectiveness of playlists viewers int the availability content, due to the increased of the stay connnected of these users in the system and the possible popularity of contents shared by them. It was found that when a large number of the peers players pairs of the playlists spend long sessions connected, the improvement of the availability of content was in 60%. Additionally, in scenarios of low participation of players in playlists, its was the improvement outperformed in 20%. Furthermore, we evaluated how the build policies of the mesh impact the distribution system when the peers are grouped and identified as ordinaries and stable. These policies structure the portion of the P2P system through the criterias that are employed on arrival, maintenance and management of the connections of the peers, thus reducing the demands on the CDN server. / A escalabilidade e a alta demanda por recursos são os principais desafios que os provedores de conteúdo enfrentam na viabilização de aplicações multimídia baseadas em redes. No YouTube, por exemplo, um dos mais populares sistemas de distribuição de vídeo sob demanda, são enviadas 100 horas de vídeo a cada minuto aos seus servidores e mais de quatro bilhões de horas de vídeo são assistidas a cada mês. Sistemas CDN-P2P têm sido apontados como uma alternativa escalável para distribuição de conteúdo multimídia na Internet. Nesses sistemas, os pares da rede par-a-par (P2P) compartilham seus recursos, diminuindo as demandas sobre a infraestrutura da rede de distribuição de conteúdo (CDN). Por outro lado, os servidores da CDN garantem a disponibilidade de conteúdo quando as contribuições dos pares são limitadas pelo churn, ou quando o conteúdo for inédito aos pares da rede P2P. Contudo, sistemas CDN-P2P, por si só, não garantem a efetividade dos serviços, visto que a saída de pares que são os únicos detentores de um determinado conteúdo pode gerar congestionamento ao redor do servidor da CDN e degradar a qualidade de experiência dos usuários. Nesta dissertação investiga-se a contribuição de pares estáveis para disponibilidade de conteúdo na parte P2P de um sistema CDN-P2P concebido para distribuir vídeos similares aos distribuídos pelo YouTube. Para isso, dados reais foram coletados do site YouTube, explorando-se o potencial de usuários que acessam playlists para caracterizar a estabilidade dos pares no sistema. A suposição acerca da efetividade dos tocadores de playlists na disponibilidade de conteúdo deve-se Ao maior tempo de permanência desses usuários no sistema e á possível popularidade dos conteúdos por eles compartilhados. Verificou-se que quando um número grande de pares tocadores de playlists passam longas sessões conectados, a melhoria na disponibilidade de conteúdo foi de 60%. Adicionalmente em cenários de baixa participação dos tocadores de playlists a melhoria superou 20%. Em seguida, avaliou-se de que forma políticas de formação da malha impactam o sistema de distribuição estudado quando os pares são agrupados e identificados como estáveis e comuns. Estas políticas estruturam a porçãoP2P do sistema através de critérios que são empregados na chegada, na manutenção e gerência das conexões dos pares, diminuindo assim as exigências sobre o servidor da CDN.

There are some new challenges in system administration and design to optimize the resource management for a cloud based application. Some applications demand stringent performance requirements (e.g. delay and jitter bounds), while some applications exhibit bursty (volatile) workloads. This thesis proposes an epidemic model inspired (and continuous time Markov Chain based) framework, which can reproduce workload volatility namely the "buzz effects" (when there is a sudden increase of a content popularity) of a Video on Demand (VoD) system. Two estimation procedures (heuristic and a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based approach) have also been proposed in this work to calibrate the model against workload traces. Obtained model parameters from the calibration procedures reveal some interesting property of the model. Based on numerical simulations, precisions of both procedures have been analyzed, which show that both of them perform reasonably. However, the MCMC procedure outperforms the heuristic approach. This thesis also compares the proposed model with other existing models examining the goodness-of-fit of some statistical properties of real workload traces. Finally this work suggests a probabilistic resource provisioning approach based on a Large Deviation Principle (LDP). LDP statistically characterizes the buzz effects that causeextreme workload volatility. This analysis exploits the information obtained using the LDP of the VoD system for defining resource management policies. These policies may be of some interest to all stakeholders in the emerging context of cloud networking.

Submitted by Marcela Rodrigues do Amaral (marcela.rodrigues.amaral@gmail.com) on 2016-12-15T17:32:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 O valor do Netflix para o consumidor brasileiro.pdf: 1259452 bytes, checksum: 4adf07af41b90d1afdbbd121db282c99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2016-12-21T18:40:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 O valor do Netflix para o consumidor brasileiro.pdf: 1259452 bytes, checksum: 4adf07af41b90d1afdbbd121db282c99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-04T17:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 O valor do Netflix para o consumidor brasileiro.pdf: 1259452 bytes, checksum: 4adf07af41b90d1afdbbd121db282c99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-16 / The increase of internet penetration and mobility enabled the appearance of new players that offer online media subscription. Today Netflix is the largest of these players, with 87 subscribers around the world. The on demand model is already a reality for some Brazilian consumers. The option to customize the use of such platform changes the experience of the consumer, as it is possible to shape the users viewing experience to reflect their personal preferences and time availability. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the value that Netflix offers to the Brazilian consumer. To achieve this objective, other´s authors hypothesis were verified and new hypothesis were drawn. The conclusions were based on the answers of 225 responses to an online questionnaire, as well as some interviews. Among the main conclusions, we highlight three points. The first is that the greatest value for the consumers consisted in having the option to use the platform wherever and whenever they wished. The second point regards the kind of content offered: the international content was the highlight for being the most watched, while consumers indicated that the sports and news content was in short supply. The third point was a suggestion for a possible improvement to the product. The answers indicate that consumers would also like to have the ability to use the platform while offline. This point was indicated mainly because of the poor internet service in Brazil, which could momentarily block the access to online streaming services. / O aumento da penetração da internet e da mobilidade possibilitou o surgimento de novos players na distribuição de vídeo por assinatura. Atualmente, o maior deles é o Netflix, com 87 milhões de assinantes no mundo. O modelo sob demanda já é uma realidade para alguns brasileiros e muda a experiência do usuário na medida em que cada um elabora sua própria programação com base nos seus gostos pessoais, sua disponibilidade de tempo e preferências sobre o dispositivo que será utilizado para tal finalidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o que é valor para o consumidor do Netflix no Brasil. Para isso, foram verificadas hipóteses que outros autores já apontaram como valor para consumidores do Netflix e novos pontos foram levantados. As conclusões foram baseadas nas 225 respostas de um questionário online e em algumas entrevistas presenciais. Dentre as principais conclusões podemos destacar três pontos. O primeiro é que a característica com maior valor para os consumidores foi a liberdade de poder assistir quando e onde quiserem. O segundo foi em relação ao tipo de conteúdo ofertado e consumido: o conteúdo internacional se destacou como o mais assistido e consumidores indicaram uma lacuna de conteúdo esportivo e jornalístico no serviço. O terceiro foi uma sugestão de melhoria no produto que está relacionado com a possibilidade de assistir offline. Esse ponto foi levantado por diversos participantes da pesquisa, que indicaram que a conexão precária da internet no Brasil poderia impedir o acesso em alguns momentos.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T14:03:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTACAO JOAO DA MATA.pdf: 5833486 bytes, checksum: fd81987d9b1e9ac8f9bb648058db273b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Scalability and high demand for resources are the main challenges that content providers face to deploy Video-on-Demand applications. The most popular site for sharing videos, YouTube, has over 4 billion videos viewed a day and 60 hours of video are uploaded every minute. Hybrid systems (CDN-P2P) have been proposed as a scalable and cost effective solution for VoD distribution. In these systems, peers share their resources decreasing demand on the content distribution network infrastructure (CDN). On the other hand, the CDN s servers guarantee the availability of content when peers contributions are limited by churn. However, in these systems, the content distributed must be managed so that the CDN servers workload is minimized. An issue to be investigated is the impact of churn, i.e the effect of cycle of peers join and leave, on management policies. Carried studies showed that the performance of policies improves as the storage capacity of peers increases. However, this increasement does not impact proportionately the performance of policies. Later on, we proposed, implemented and evaluated four object management policies derived from data in YouTube video collections. These policies use information left by users or generated by the video distribution system to measure the value of objects. We found that the proposed policies were able to improve the availability of content in more than 70%, compared to the LFU policy, and more than 50% compared to GDSP policy. / A escalabilidade e a alta demanda por recursos s ao os principais desafios que os provedores de conte´udo enfrentam na viabiliza¸c ao de aplica¸c oes de v´ıdeos sob demanda (VoD). O site mais popular de compartilhamento de v´ıdeos, o YouTube, tem mais de 4 bilh oes de visualiza¸c oes por dia e 60 horas de v´ıdeo s ao armazenadas a cada minuto em seus servidores. Sistemas h´ıbridos (CDN-P2P) t em sido apresentado como uma solu¸c ao escal´avel para distribui¸c ao de VoD. Nesses sistemas, pares compartilham seus recursos diminuindo a demanda sobre a infraestrutura da rede de distribui¸c ao de conte´udo (CDN). Por outro lado, os servidores da CDN garantem a disponibilidade de conte´udo quando as contribui¸c oes dos pares s ao limitadas pelo churn, ou quando o conte´udo for in´edito aos pares da rede par a par (P2P). No entanto, o conte´udo distribu´ıdo nesses sistemas precisa ser gerenciado, de forma que a carga de trabalho submetida aos servidores da CDN seja minimizada. Uma quest ao a ser investigada nesse sistema ´e o impacto do churn, isto ´e, o efeito criado pelo ciclo de entrada e sa´ıda dos pares sobre os mecanismos de ger encia do conte´udo distribu´ıdo pelo sistema. Nesta disserta¸c ao avalia-se o impacto do churn no desempenho de pol´ıticas de gerenciamento de objetos em sistemas CDN-P2P; verificou-se que o impacto no desempenho das pol´ıticas diminui com o aumento da capacidade de armazenamento dos pares, no entanto, esse aumento n ao impacta proporcionalmente a performance das pol´ıticas. Em seguida, s ao propostas, implementadas e avaliadas quatro pol´ıticas de gerenciamento de objetos derivadas a partir de dados reais obtidos de cole¸c oes de v´ıdeos do YouTube. Essas pol´ıticas exploram informa¸c oes deixadas pelos usu´arios ou geradas pelo sistema de distribui¸c ao dos v´ıdeos para mensurar o valor de um objeto. A suposi¸c ao acerca da efetividade dessas informa¸c oes na valora¸c ao dos objetos ´e devido `a influ encia do sistema de recomenda¸c ao do YouTube no acesso a seu conte´udo, pois esse sistema utiliza-se dessas informa¸c oes para indicar v´ıdeos aos usu´arios. As pol´ıticas propostas foram capazes de melhorar a disponibilidade do conte´udo em mais de 70%, comparada `a disponibilidade proporcionada pela pol´ıtica LFU e mais de 50%, comparada `a pol´ıtica GDSP.

With the recent release of head-mounted displays for consumers, virtual reality experiences are more accessible than ever. However, there is still a shortage of research concerning how to design user interfaces in virtual reality for good experiences. This thesis focuses on what aspects should be considered when designing a graphical user interface in virtual reality - controlled by head orientation input - for a qualitative user experience. The research has included a heuristic evaluation, interviews, usability tests, and a survey. A virtual reality prototype of a video on demand service was investigated and served as the application for the research. Findings from the analysis of the data were application specific pragmatic and hedonic goals of the users, relevant to the subjective user experience, and current user experience problems with the prototype tested. In combination with previous recommendations, the result led to the development of seven guidelines. However, these guidelines are considered only to serve as a foundation for future research since they need to be validated. New head-mounted displays and virtual reality applications are released every day and with the increasing number of users, there will be a continuous need for more research.

The work is focused on the influence of movie and video production in connection with the new media. It is focused to map how the new media influenced the distribution of movie and video production, depending on their use on the market. The work defines the basic concepts and direction of new media. Characterizes the divergence of terms like old and new media, what are their differences, specifics and how they change film and video distribution channels. It creates complete list and comparison of existing providers of video on demand services. It brings up specified criteria and on base of them compares the most popular video hosting sites. The work includes and specify other channels, which facilitate the spread of film or video and was build up by Web 2.0. Because of the frequent encounters of the Copyright Act in connection with the illegal distribution, especially in the film, this theme is also included in the content.

Aim of the thesis is to design and implement unique service based on the newest technologies in web apps fi eld which allows screen recording followed by P2P distribution between participating users using web browser only. Thesis deals with the analysis of modern and coming technologies which allow practical implementation of such a service. It involves obtaining access to the screen source data, its recording, transforming and transmission over the network followed by playing on the other side. Recorded videos are adapted for part by part use in a player with seeking capability. Distributed architecture for data exchange between peers using peer-to-peer connection based on hybrid P2P VoD network provides scalability of the solution. The player allows obtaining the necessary parts of the videos from the current watchers with smooth video playback experience during ongoing transmissions whilst allowing arbitrary video shifting. In consideration of early stages of development or experimental support for some of the APIs needed for this work, research into browsers' support with discussion on realistic applicability nowadays is always performed.