M.S.

After assembling the information gained from the kindergarten survey, the study then returned to the criteria set up at the beginning of the investigation, in order to appraise the extent to which the schools surveyed were meeting those standards. At that point the criteria were reviewed one by one and a judgment was rendered respecting each, based on the data presented earlier in this writing, as follows. / M.S.

M.S.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the organization and administration of the interscholastic athletic programs in the AAA public senior high schools of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The study was based on the following null hypotheses: 1. There is no significant difference of opinion among the various levels of administrators that the organization and administration is inadequate in governing the interscholastic athletic program in the Commonwealth of Virginia. 2. There is no significant difference of opinion among the various levels of administrators that a supplemental Public High School Athletic Association in their region in coordination with the League office in Charlottesville would improve the organization and administration of the interscholastic athletic program. 3. There is no significant difference of opinion among the various levels of administrators that the student should have little input about decisions concerning the organization and administration of high school athletics. An opinionnaire was mailed to 371 administrators representing the school beard members, chief school administrators, principals, athletic directors, and assistant athletic directors, Therefore, opinionnaires were sent to 70 school board members, 35 chief school administrators, 98 high school principals, 98 athletic directors, and 70 assistant athletic directors. The data was kevpunched and the computer was programmed to handle the statistical analysis of the data, Data included: 1. Frequency and percentage of response. 2. Analysis of possible relations between and among items within the opinionnaire. 3. Analysis of possible relations between the opinions of the various levels of administration for descriptive purposes, Statistical significance of the relations examined were determined by the use of Chi-square Analysis. 4. One-way Analysis of Variance was used to examine each hypothesis for statistical significance, The .05 level of confidence was considered significant for the rejection of the null hypothesis. Returns were received from 336 of 371 administrators (90.5 percent) of which 328 were used, Eight of the returns were not used for various reasons. On the basis of these analyses, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. A significant difference of opinion does exist among the various levels of administration that the organization and administration is inadequate in governing the interscholastic athletic program in the Commonwealth of Virginia, This evaluation concludes that the Virginia High School League is doing an adequate job for the AAA Public Senior High Schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia with the organization and administration of interscholastic athletics, The five levels of administration in 1977 support the Virginia High School League goals, objectives, rules, and regulations for the administration of interscholastics. 2. A significant difference of opinion does exist among the various levels of administration that a supplemental Public High School Athletic Association in their region in coordination with the League office in Charlottesville would improve the organization and administration of the interscholastic athletic program, The athletic directors and assistant athletic directors are for such a supplemental association to improve interscholastic athletics and the principals and chief administrators are opposed to such a supplemental association. Board members are indecisive, All groups combined would not be in favor of such a supplemental association at this time to improve the communication, the organization, and the administration of interscholastic athletics in the AAA public senior high schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia. 3. A significant difference of opinion does exist among the various levels of administration that the student should have little input about decisions concerning the organization and administration of high school athletics, This evaluation concludes that the student should have input about the decisions that are made concerning policies, rules, regulations, and scheduling of interscholastic athletics in the ASA public senior high schools in the Commonwealth of Virginia. / Ed. D.

The research was undertaken to provide basic information on Mn in Virginia soils and to evaluate rates and methods of Mn application to correct Mn deficiency in soybeans. Soil profile samples were analyzed from catenas representing the Appalachian, Piedmont, and Coastal Plain regions. The exchangeable, easily reducible, and total Mn contents were higher in the Appalachian soils than in the Piedmont or Coastal Plain soils. The total Mn content of the well-drained soil was higher than the poorly-drained soil in the Appalachian catena. No other differences were found between soils varying in drainage. Parent material and time appear to be the soil forming factors that exert the largest influence on total soil Mn. Further research is necessary to fully characterize soil Mn in these broad physiographic regions. / Ph. D.

Delayed flowering has the potential to overcome the problem of restricted vegetative growth, prior to flowering, that is often associated with double-cropped soybeans [Grycine max (L.) Merr.]. Objectives were to study delayed flowering in soybeans as influenced by date of planting, to estimate the lengths of the component vegetative periods in soybeans under short-day conditions, and to study the mode of inheritance of delayed flowering in soybeans. Date of planting experiments conducted in the field at two Virginia locations using 27 cultivars and breeding lines showed that genotypic differences exist for delayed flowering, especially between delayed and normal flowering isolines. Lengths of the juvenile and inductive periods were estimated for some selected early and late flowering genotypes. F85-84l7 had a longer juvenile period, and F85-1226 had both longer juvenile and inductive periods than their respective early flowering isolines and cultivar Essex. cultivar. The method of moving plants from inductive short-days to long-days, which has been used to estimate the length of inductive period, was adapted to estimate the length of the juvenile period as well. Delayed flowering in soybeans appeared to be controlled by two loci, each with two alleles, and delayed flowering appeared to be recessive. Anyone of the genes in the homozygous recessive state delayed flowering. F85-1226 may be segregating for both genes while F85-84l7 appeared to contain only one. / Ph. D.

Theories concerning the origin of insect wings and flight are reviewed and a new scenario for their origin proposed. It is suggested that environmental conditions of the small stream were responsible for the evolution of insect flight, and that thermoregulation as well as respiration was important in the preadaptation of wings. The possibility that the five paired convex-concave vein systems each represented a dorsal-ventral blood channel is suggested. Odonate wing vein homology and nomenclatural systems, and phylogeny are reviewed. The process of vein loss is evaluated in the Palaeoptera and a new system of odonate wing vein homologies proposed. The odonate wing mechanism is analyzed and the heretofore overlooked discal nodus characterized. Reevaluation of the comparative morphology of fossil and recent Odonata indicates that Protozygoptera and Protanisoptera represent evolutionary side branches, that the Anisozygoptera is polyphyletic, and that Isophlebiidae and Calopterygoidea are the most generalized Odonata known. Previous scenarios explaining evolution of the unique odonate copulatory process are reviewed. Considering the copulatory behavior of the Calopterygoidea generalized supports evolutionary trends toward male domination and in-flight completion of the process. Assuming direct sperm transfer the original odonate mode requires that originally oviposition be in tandem and that sperm transfer to and from male anterior abdominal sterna be accidental. In contrast, assuming an original indirect transfer of sperm leads to a copulatory sequence similar to that of the Odonata. The proposed scenario differs from others in that extraordinary postures are not envisioned, the process is completed at rest, and the odonate tandem hold is developed prior to copulation. Anisopteran morphology and phylogeny are reviewed and reliable dentification keys developed for North American families and genera, and for 180 anisopteran species collected in Virginia and vicinity. Each species is described and photographed, including seven new species. The biogeography of Virginia Anisoptera is best explained by overlapping biotic regions, the fauna being a mixture of eastern North American, boreal, and tropical elements. New efficient methods for collecting, preserving, and rearing Odonata are described. / Ph. D.

This study addresses systemized transition planning and preparation for adult adjustment of secondary students with disabilities. Transition planning and preparation for youth with disabilities as they move from school to work and community adjustment is essential; however, thorough planning is rarely accomplished. Therefore, it is important to study the level at which transition services are currently delivered for secondary students with disabilities and to examine factors that affect delivery of those services. This study investigates (a) the status of transition services in Virginia school Divisions, (b) the status of specific factors that may affect delivery of transition services, (c) factors related to delivery of transition services and (da) demographics about persons most responsible for coordination of transition in local school divisions. Specifically, four transition service areas were examined: a) integration of students with disabilities with nondisabled peers, b) instructional programs, c) coordinated planning and d) support services. Also investigated were three factors that affect delivery of transition services: a) cooperation of vocational and special education, b) administrative support and c) a formal interagency transition team. Findings indicated the degree to which transition services were delivered across the state, as well as relationships between the level of delivery of transition services and the factors that were examined. Positive correlations demonstrated that the greater the level of administrative support for transition at the local level, the greater the level of delivery of transition services. Further, the greater the level of cooperation of vocational and special education, the greater the level of delivery of transition services. Existence of an interagency team correlated substantially with coordinated planning services. / Ed. D.

Understanding architecture through a contemporary context of the transformations of art and technology was the springboard for this thesis. Identifying folding as a basic transformation became the focus for developing an Old town, Alexandria, Virginia law firm building. Folding is conceptually used in the spatial and inhabitable forms of the building as well as the materials, textures, and finishes of the walls, ceilings, and floors. Folding is structurally investigated by taking once planer and flimsy elements and creating folded, rigid, and load-bearing elements. Architectural concepts of day lighting, shading, rain runoff, partitioning, vertical circulation, horizontal circulation, library stacks, file storage, solar energy collection, gardening, building services, furnishings, reading, and inhabitation are all thought of in terms of folding. Designing a law firm for Old town, Alexandria, Virginia was chosen from a random number generating process cross referenced with the Alexandria, Virginia phone book. I interviewed a local law firm and based the programmatic spaces on their office needs and relationships. / Master of Architecture

This study of Virginia desertion differs from other desertion studies in several respects. The statistical analysis of the patterns of desertion within the army is one of the most unique characteristics of this study. Several other scholars have attempted to track desertion across the Confederacy, but limited sources restricted their studies. By compiling data from compiled service records, this thesis attempts a comprehensive study of all Virginia's Confederate soldiers. The first chapter examines the patterns of desertion both across the state and in Virginia's infantry, cavalry, and artillery regiments. This chapter has three specific aims. First, calculates how many soldiers deserted from Virginia's Confederate units during the Civil War. Uncovering when these men left the army, and the parts the state from which they hailed, will lay the foundation for a careful evaluation of what caused desertion and its consequences for the army. The second chapter examines the causes of desertion among Virginia troops. No single reason was responsible for such desertion. Owing to the risks deserting carried, when a soldier left the army he did so for varied and intensely personal reasons. This chapter examines how conscription, concerns about home and family, morale and disaffection, and an ineffective policy for punishment, all combined to increase desertion from Virginia units. The conclusions look at the effects of desertion on the Confederate military's ability to wage an effective war against the Union and how desertion affected the civilians behind the lines. Obviously desertion drained the army of manpower it could not afford to loose. In what other ways did its effects manifest themselves? Central to this aspect of the thesis will be the opinions of Confederate military leaders. What impact did they believe desertion was having on the army? By answering these questions, we can begin to learn desertion's impact on the Confederacy. / Master of Arts