Miesto gyventojų mobilumas, dažnai suprantamas kaip susisiekimo rodiklis, yra vienas iš svarbiausių, miesto struktūrą formuojančių veiksnių. Įvairių išorinių veiksnių sąlygoti fizinio mobilumo galimybių apribojimai iššaukia lokalizacinį arba virtualų gyventojų mobilumą, o tuo pačiu pokyčius miestų planavime. Todėl yra kaip niekad svarbu atrasti ryšį tarp nusistovėjusių urbanistinių modelių vystymo ir virtualaus mobilumo bei to įtaką gyventojų gyvenimo ir keliavimo įpročiams ir jų tenkinimo galimybėms. Disertacijos santraukoje pateikiami Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslininkų atliktų tyrimų rezultatai bei prielaidos susiję su gyventojų fiziniu ir virtualiu mobilumu, mobilumo valdymu, bei jo integravimu į darnios plėtros principais paremtą miestų užstatymo planavimo sistemą. Pateikiamas virtualaus tyrimo modelis bei svarbiausi virtualaus ir fizinio mobilumo sąveikos ir prielaidų tam rezultatai. Taip pat pateiktas fizinių kelionių pakeičiamumo virtualiomis modelis. Modelis iliustruoja kokiomis sąlygomis ir kokios tikslinės kelionės gali būti pakeičiamos virtualiomis. Parengtos ir santraukos apimtyje pateiktos penkios virtualaus mobilumo duomenų integravimo į transporto ir teritorijų planavimo procesą rekomendacijos, atsižvelgiant į skirtingus darniosios plėtros kriterijus. / Mobility is often understood as an indicator of communication, thus it is one of the main factors influencing cities structure. Limitation of physical mobility possibilities raises up other types of mobility as local or virtual ones and thus changes in cities and its planning. That‘s why it is important as never before to define the correlation between development of settled urban models and virtual mobility and its impact on citizens travelling habits and ways to meet their needs. In the summary of doctoral dissertation results of research made by Lithuanian and foreign scientists and presumptions related to physical and virtual mobility, mobility management and its integration into planning system based on SD principles have been presented. The theoretical model for a virtual mobility research was created and presented as well as the estimation of the amount of virtual mobility in Lithuania. Based on the obtained results the main assumptions have been formulated allowing to more effectively plan the land-tenure of transport and social infrastructure and to optimize new construction.

Higher education institutions are not fully prepared for virtual mobility (further VM) implementation – there is no common framework, methodology of preparation, and the set of competences to possess in order to implement VM efficiently, and to be acquired during VM. With the aim to conceptualize the virtual mobility phenomenon in higher education, analyzing its main components and revealing their relationships, the following research questions were raised: how is virtual mobility in higher education defined? Why is it necessary to implement VM in HE? How can teachers and institutions prepare for and implement VM? The first part of the dissertation focuses on the VM concept analysis, differences between VM and similar concepts, and the key VM components. The second part reveals the empirical research methodology by connecting the research questions with the chosen research methods. The third part discusses empirical research findings, which verify the complexity of the phenomenon, the interrelationships of the components, and the VM dimensions permeating VM implementation in HE. / Aukštojo mokslo institucijos dar nėra pilnai pasirengę virtualaus mobilumo (toliau VM) įgyvendinimui - nėra priimti visuotinai suderinti sprendimai kaip institucija, studentai ir dėstytojai turėtų pasiruošti VM, neaišku, kokių kompetencijų reikia dėstytojams, siekiant efektyviai organizuoti VM bei kokias galima įgyti studijuojant VM būdu. Siekiant konceptualizuoti VM fenomeną aukštajame moksle, išanalizuojant pagrindinius jo komponentus ir atskleidžiant jų tarpusavio sąsajas, darbe keliami šie pagrindiniai tyrimo klausimai - kaip virtualus mobilumas apibrėžiamas aukštajame moksle? Ar reikalingas VM aukštojo mokslo institucijoms ir kodėl? Kaip dėstytojai ir institucijos gali pasirengti ir įgyvendinti VM aukštojo mokslo institucijose? Pirmojoje disertacinio darbo dalyje nagrinėjama VM sąvoka, aptariami VM ir panašių terminų skirtumai, atskleidžiami pagrindiniai VM fenomeno aukštajame moksle komponentai. Antrojoje dalyje detalizuojama empirinio tyrimo metodologiją. Trečiojoje - aptariami empirinių tyrimų rezultatai, patvirtinantys fenomeno kompleksiškumą, VM komponentų tarpusavio priklausomybę bei VM dimensijas, pagrindžiančias VM įgyvendinimą aukštajame moksle.

Aukštojo mokslo institucijos dar nėra pilnai pasirengę virtualaus mobilumo (toliau VM) įgyvendinimui - nėra priimti visuotinai suderinti sprendimai kaip institucija, studentai ir dėstytojai turėtų pasiruošti VM, neaišku, kokių kompetencijų reikia dėstytojams, siekiant efektyviai organizuoti VM bei kokias galima įgyti studijuojant VM būdu. Siekiant konceptualizuoti VM fenomeną aukštajame moksle, išanalizuojant pagrindinius jo komponentus ir atskleidžiant jų tarpusavio sąsajas, darbe keliami šie pagrindiniai tyrimo klausimai - kaip virtualus mobilumas apibrėžiamas aukštajame moksle? Ar reikalingas VM aukštojo mokslo institucijoms ir kodėl? Kaip dėstytojai ir institucijos gali pasirengti ir įgyvendinti VM aukštojo mokslo institucijose? Pirmojoje disertacinio darbo dalyje nagrinėjama VM sąvoka, aptariami VM ir panašių terminų skirtumai, atskleidžiami pagrindiniai VM fenomeno aukštajame moksle komponentai. Antrojoje dalyje detalizuojama empirinio tyrimo metodologiją. Trečiojoje - aptariami empirinių tyrimų rezultatai, patvirtinantys fenomeno kompleksiškumą, VM komponentų tarpusavio priklausomybę bei VM dimensijas, pagrindžiančias VM įgyvendinimą aukštajame moksle. / Higher education institutions are not fully prepared for virtual mobility (further VM) implementation – there is no common framework, methodology of preparation, and the set of competences to possess in order to implement VM efficiently, and to be acquired during VM. With the aim to conceptualize the virtual mobility phenomenon in higher education, analyzing its main components and revealing their relationships, the following research questions were raised: how is virtual mobility in higher education defined? Why is it necessary to implement VM in HE? How can teachers and institutions prepare for and implement VM? The first part of the dissertation focuses on the VM concept analysis, differences between VM and similar concepts, and the key VM components. The second part reveals the empirical research methodology by connecting the research questions with the chosen research methods. The third part discusses empirical research findings, which verify the complexity of the phenomenon, the interrelationships of the components, and the VM dimensions permeating VM implementation in HE.

Mobility support in education is one of key, longtime targets of the EU. Apart from significant financial resources that are put into this target through various EU programmes, mobility is also supported by other means. This master's thesis focuses on describing and analyzing mobility support in terciary education in the EU in view of the newest trends in this field -- the use of ICT. The aim is to introduce and critically evaluate the current problematics of academic mobility in the EU, describe the relation and importance of physical and virtual mobility and outline possible future developments. Furthermore, the paper attempts to justify this mobility support by putting academic mobility in the context of individual and economic competitiveness, and thus find out whether virtual mobility itself can be a catalyst for competitiveness.

<p>Modern virtually mobile technologies, largely facilitated by the Internet, have changed communication modes, methods, and even daily-lived experiences within the past 20 years. The most prevalent medium of virtual mobility, virtual reality (VR) manages information through the creation of analogies of the physical world. Recently, a new mode of computing called augmented reality (AR) has become increasingly ubiquitous through the proliferation of modern mobile handsets. AR utilizes augmentation of the physical realm rather than simulation as a guiding principle, binding together the physical and virtual realms. Through the use of context-aware features such as landmark identification, geodetic data, etc., AR is able to superimpose virtual information onto real-time displays of physical landscapes. It is in this way that AR is the first mode of computing that truly transcends the boundaries of the virtual and physical realms, demonstrating the concept of <em>dual presence</em>. The effects of this new medium of computing on navigation, wayfinding, and especially the developments involved in the creation of sense of place are largely unstudied. A phenomenological exploratory research design is carried out to seek to identify the effects AR facilitation has on respondents’ cognitive developments, including developments in wayfinding and the creation of social representations of place.</p> / Master of Arts (MA)

Cette recherche traite du devenir de l’espace urbain et de ses logiques traditionnelles, dans un contexte marqué par les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC). Ce sujet est abordé par le prisme des commerces ethniques situés dans trois localités, parisiennes et régionales. Le regard est focalisé sur ces lieux afin de comprendre les facteurs à l’origine de la présence, en leur sein, des TIC accessibles au public. Trois hypothèses sont proposées. Il s’agit d’abord d’expliquer ce phénomène par le message des scénographies commerciales, puis par le besoin qu’éprouvent les migrants de maintenir les liens avec leurs origines culturelles et leur famille, enfin par l’appartenance des commerçants à la communauté des migrants. La méthodologie privilégie les méthodes d’enquête qualitative relevant de l’anthropologie et de la microsociologie. L’analyse des données permet de valider les hypothèses. Elle offre également la possibilité de montrer que dans une société marquée par les technologies de l’information et de la communication l’espace ne disparait pas sous le coup de la domination d’un espace en réseaux. Au contraire, l’analyse permet de souligner d’une part que l’espace urbain, avec ses logiques traditionnelles, persistent tout en s’articulant à une logique en réseaux. D’autre part, elle fait émerger la production de diverses formes spatiales. La plus significative offre à la principale clientèle la possibilité quotidienne de conserver son ancrage aux lieux urbains, tout en étant mobile et virtuellement mobile, de sortir des termes de la fracture numérique. Cette clientèle s’en trouve intégrée à la société en réseaux, dépasse la situation de double présence au pays d’origine et à la famille s’y trouvant et connaît des situations de multiples présences. Enfin, la recherche a permis de montrer que les lieux urbains et particulièrement les commerces ethniques sont des espaces de socialisation des réseaux virtuels en les situant au même niveau que les offres et services marchands, et qu’ils sont des outils dont les migrants et leur famille située à l’étranger savent se saisir pour permettre une évolution de leurs situations quotidienne et projets. / This research deals with the future of the urban space in a context marked by the Technologies of Information and Communication (ICT). This subject is approached by the prism of the ethnic businesses situated in three localities, Parisian and regional. The outlook is focused on these places to understand why ICT are included in those spaces open to the public.Three hypotheses are suggested. First, The ICT are included in the businesses thanks to the commercial message diffused through the setting up of goods. Then, the networking of businesses can be explained by the need which the migrants have to maintain the links with their cultural origins and their family, lastly through the membership of the storekeepers in the community of the migrants.The methodology favors the methods of qualitative investigation coming from the anthropology and the micro-sociology. The empirical data allows a validation of the hypotheses. The analysis of those data underline first that, in the network society, urban places don’t disappear. Among them, the ethnic shops are areas of socialization of the virtual networks by placing them at the same level as the offers of the goods and the trade services. Then, the space produced by those businesses offers to the main clientele the possibility of preserving its anchoring in the urban places while being mobile and virtually mobile. By this last idea, this research shows that the ethnic business and ICT are articulated tools which the migrants and their family situated abroad know how to seize to allow an evolution of their daily situations and projects. This analysis gives possibility to considered migrants out terms of the digital divide, and as integrated into the networks society. This new figure of migrant has overtaken the situation of double presence in their origin country and to their family living there, to actually know situations of multiple presences in this country and to their relatives.