Background The world of work is rapidly changing, and military organisations are no exception. Military organisations are increasingly subject to political and public scrutiny. At the same time, various treaties and codes of conduct have placed greater accountability on soldiers and military leaders for their actions during times of peace and combat. The transformation of the roles which military organisations fulfil, as well as the way in which soldiers and military leaders are to conduct themselves, led to the relatively recent introduction of the term ‘New Wars'. The new war construct encapsulates models, theories and approaches which stand in stark contrast to those of traditional warfare and has not yet received much attention from scholars in the field of leadership. In an attempt to respond to the various contextual factors encompassing a modern approach to warfare, military leaders need to adopt new, i.e. more contextually relevant, approaches and strategies in order to accomplish the desired outcomes of various crucial missions within a changed context. Aim of the research study The aim of the present research study was, therefore, to identify a new leadership theory, model and/or approach, which will be better suited to a changing military landscape. In order to achieve this aim, a novel view on leadership, i.e. virtuous leadership, was suggested. It is argued here that virtuous leadership will enhance military performance within a modern operational environment. In the present study, the direct and indirect relationship between virtuous leadership, new war practices and military performance was investigated. Research design and method Given the dearth of literature in this field of study, an exploratory research design was employed to gain insights pertaining to the proposed relationship between Virtuous Leadership, New Wars and Military Performance. A composite questionnaire consisting of items responded to on Likert-type response scales, and open-ended questions were designed to measure the constructs under investigation. Qualitative data from open-ended questions, as well as quantitative data from close-ended questions, was, therefore, collected, i.e. a mixed-method approach was employed to collect data. The data was further collected crosssectionally, i.e. at a given point in time from a convenient or non-probable sample of military personnel (n=138). Data analysis Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were calculated to summarise sample statistics and determine the strength and direction of the relationship between variables of interest, respectively. The PROCESS procedure (Hayes, 2018) was further employed to estimate the mediating effect of new war practices on the relationship between virtuous leadership and military performance. Results The statistical analyses revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between virtuous leadership and military performance; virtuous leadership and new war practices; as well as between new war practices and military performance. The results further revealed a statistically significant direct and indirect, i.e. a partially mediated, relationship, i.e. that new war practices significantly mediated the relationship between virtuous leadership and military performance. Findings Virtuous leadership is positively attributed to positive organisational outcomes. These research findings suggest that military organisations could enhance desired organisational outcomes by incorporating virtuousness with other leadership approaches for optimum military performance. Contribution Based on these findings of the current study, the military leadership theory has hopefully been enriched with new construct and insights. It is therefore recommended that virtuous leadership should be part of leadership training from the junior level in order to shape desired military conduct within and beyond the organisational premises. Qualitative insights suggested that military leaders demonstrated outstanding communication skills, military professionalism, compassion and exemplary leadership throughout peacekeeping deployment. However, most soldiers cited competence, emotional intelligence, courage and fairness as attributes that require further development to enhance leadership effectiveness in a new war context.

There is a need for virtuous leaders that have a sound moral compass that guide their actions and decisions towards good and honourable outcomes. In particular, the current research study responded to a call in literature to address an African context perspective of virtuous leadership. Based on this, the aim was to formulate a theoretical conceptualisation of virtuous leadership that was grounded in an African contextual perspective to develop and validate a Virtuous Leadership Scale (VLS). The current research study was a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional approach. Secondary quantitative data and primary qualitative and quantitative data was utilised by means of convenience sampling strategy and snowball technique. A realised sample for the secondary quantitative data (n = 193) and the primary quantitative data (n = 72) was collected from the general working population. A conceptual/theoretical model of virtuous leadership was proposed, which captured seven virtues that encompassed an African contextual perspective: 1) courage; 2) humanity; 3) humility; 4) integrity; 5) justice; 6) prudence; and 7) temperance. Based on this model, items were generated and analysed prior to the development of the VLS. Exploratory Factor Analysis confirmed the unidimensionality of each virtue subscale. Utilising Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the measurement model was found to be a good fit. Furthermore, empirical evidence of reliability, discriminant and convergent validity was found, however, predictive validity was not supported. The current research study developed a valid and reliable scale that measures the virtuous leadership construct. There are limitations, recommendations and theoretical contributions discussed.

Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS) / Positive organisational practices are actions performed by employees within the workplace that enhance worker and organisational wellness. In identifying positively deviant organisations, specific positive practices within the organisation were studied as an online desk research. This study is based on a backdrop of a study by Cameron et al. (2011) where the authors theorise about certain positive practices, but do not stipulate actual practices. In understanding what these positive practices look like, the study used the interpretive paradigm. Through qualitative inquiry, thematic analysis was used to expand the understanding of manifest positive practices in organisations. The researcher used two significant ways of gathering the data, both through the internet; looking up "top" and "happiest" companies to work for as well as looking at the International Positive Psychology Association (IPPA) Network online resources and Michigan Ross School of Business online page. All of the data gathered (150 pieces) was from secondary internet / online sources. The results generated 13 themes, of which five stood out as most salient: social interactions at work, inclusivity of all differences, mindfulness, transparent/open communication and creativity/innovation. The study concludes by identifying similarities between Cameron et al. (2011) and the study results, and proposes a link between 11 of the themes. Furthermore, the results suggest that seven of the study’s practices coincide with one particular practice from Cameron et al. (2011): ‘inspiring’ others in the workplace. The significance of the study includes the expanded understanding of positive organisational (manifest) practices that take place in positively deviant organisations. By comparing and contrasting these practices with the Cameron et al. (2011) positive practices, similarities were found. Recommendations for future research are offered.

Virtuous organizations are those displaying behaviors and works consistent with social norms, organizational core values, and mission. Through relationships and behaviors, organizations formulate character for which they are known. This dissertation has proposed three secular components essential to the character of a virtuous organization: agency, social responsibility and ethical environment. When Catholic mission is the impetus to organizational purpose, the secular components of the virtuous organization are deepened from that faith perspective's mission related religious teachings. A discussion of the secular and religious discourse pairs agency with sanctity of human person, social responsibility with common good, and ethical environment with discipleship to exemplify how Catholic mission inspires that tradition's faith-based virtuous organizations. Catholic mission inspired health care, education or any of the social ministries is ethically significant because it offers an unparalleled context within which moral issues can be considered. The dissertation proposes that the ethical significance of the virtuous organization inspired by Catholic mission is threefold. First is its enduring witness to the sanctity of human life as a gift from God. Second, is Catholic mission's challenge to the broader community to attend to the common good and to a preferential concern for the poor and disenfranchised. Third, Catholic mission is a witnesses to something greater than the organization itself, its witnesses to the call to and response of Christian discipleship. Catholic health care organizations where organizational character reflects these three dimensions are virtuous, are ethically significant and are needed in today's society. <br>From a practical position the dissertation considers three dimensions of health care in order to explore the ethical significance of the Catholic mission and its themes. From a clinical perspective, medically assisted nutrition and hydration at the end of life is considered in light of agency and sanctity. From a governance perspective, health care access is considered in light of social responsibility and common good. From a leadership perspective, governance is considered in light of ethical environment and discipleship. The application of the paired secular components and religious themes emphasizes the ethical significance of Catholic mission and encourages its continued presence in the health care / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts / Health Care Ethics / PhD / Dissertation

O regime da cidade virtuosa é o tema central dos escritos políticos de Alfrb÷ levando a uma ordem política cujos princípios são a realização da excelência humana ou da virtude, conduzindo à atividades úteis à aquisição da perfeição e da felicidade, pois o homem não se torna perfeito meramente pelos princípios naturais presentes nele e ele não é eternamente perfeito, mas precisa adquirir sua perfeição através da atividade que procede da compreensão racional, da deliberação e da escolha entre várias alternativas sugeridas pela razão. / The virtuous regime is the central theme of Alfrb÷s political writings and theres a political order whose guiding principles are the realization of human excellence or virtue, taking to activities useful to the achievement of perfection and happiness. Man is not rendered perfect merely through the natural principles present in him and he is not eternally perfect, but need to achieve his perfection through the activity proceeding from rational understanding, deliberation and choosing among the various alternatives suggested by reason.

This paper’s aim is to discover the impact of economical, demographic and traditional determinants on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League. Generally it is assumed by people that financially strong clubs tend to win on the pitch most of the time. Is it really true? Is it always the same wealthy teams which win in the end? Football is a type of entertainment and people would like to see games with uncertain outcomes and a balanced competitiveness between two sides. In this way they can enjoy this entertainment. In that case, how uncertain is the outcome and how balanced is the competition in UEFA Champions League? In order to answer all these questions a multiple regression analysis is built including economic, demographic and traditional variables both at club and country level. These mentioned explanatory variables are GDP per capita of the home country, population of the host city, total market value of the team’s players, capacity of the stadium, country’s participation in international tournaments, club’s age, rank of the next best team from the same country and country’s hosting an international tournament. It turned out that financially advantageous clubs which have stadiums with larger capacities and located in more populated cities have more chances of winning than the others. Then again, it is observed that countries’ football tradition and dedication does not have a significant impact on clubs’ on-pitch success in UEFA Champions League.

A partir dos pressupostos teóricos dos pesquisadores da Nova História e dos estudos literários do comparativismo, este trabalho analisa o Amadis de Gaula entre os dois códigos: o da cavalaria de Ramon Llull expressão do ideal cristão do cavaleiro virtuoso e perfeito , e o do amor cortês, de André Capelão, que expressa os ensinamentos do refinado amor cortesão, dentro de uma ética feudo-vassálica. Entre os interstícios desses códigos e numa Península Ibérica marcada por uma ascese cristã, erige uma história de amor que se constitui num paradigma da expressão do desejo carnal e da busca do re(encontro) com o feminino. É na via oposta ao contexto peninsular da Reconquista ibérica que se efetua a caminhada de Amadis rumo à perfeição amorosa ao encontro do Amor / The theoretical presuppositions of the researchers of the New History and the literary studies of comparativism are the starting point of this paper to analyze the Amadis de Gaula between the two codes: the chivalry by Ramon Llull the expression of the christian ideal of the virtuous and perfect knight , and the courteous love, by André Capelão, the schooling of the refined courteous love, inserted in a feud-vassal ethics. A love story is put up between the gaps of these codes in an Iberian Peninsula encarved by a christian ascese. It is compounded in an instance of the carnal desire and the search for the (re)encounter with the feminine. It is in the opposite way to the peninsular context of the Iberian Reconquest that Amadis enhances his way towards the loving perfection to meet Love

Submitted by Giórgia Andrade Regiani Ferreira Martins (giorgiaregiani@gmail.com) on 2018-04-09T14:01:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL.pdf: 1074269 bytes, checksum: 003cad266f146e3fbe35398fc3da3e7e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Satie Tagara (satie@marilia.unesp.br) on 2018-04-09T17:50:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_garf_me_mar.pdf: 1074269 bytes, checksum: 003cad266f146e3fbe35398fc3da3e7e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-09T17:50:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_garf_me_mar.pdf: 1074269 bytes, checksum: 003cad266f146e3fbe35398fc3da3e7e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Não recebi financiamento / A virtude, conceito da filosofia clássica, faz parte de temática geral desta dissertação que retrata a escola como um ambiente a ser estudado e é aqui apresentado como aquele que pode oferecer tempo e espaço para o desenvolvimento do homem. O trabalho discute por intermédio de referencial teórico e bibliográfico as condições e os processos em que se dão a formação virtuosa; traça um diálogo com a Ética, a partir de autores como Kant e Aristóteles e traz reflexões sobre a escola contemporânea e as influências que sofre da sociedade em que está inserida, assim como discute as suas possibilidades de atuação sobre a formação virtuosa da humanidade. O trabalho apresenta também, através de pesquisa de base qualitativa, análise de dados resultantes de um questionário aplicado a docentes de uma escola pública. A coleta de dados fez refletir, a luz de teorias, sobre o papel da escola na formação virtuosa, opiniões e as informações dos docentes sobre o tema, o que possibilitou compreender melhor as experiências vividas pelos professores. A maior parte dos pesquisados afirma ser a escola um ambiente que pode contribuir para a formação virtuosa assim como declara haver dificuldades neste trabalho, resultados que mostram a importância do assunto e afirmam a relevância do tema pesquisado. Evidencia-se também a necessidade de uma sequência nas reflexões, de maneira a contribuir no processo de formação de professores e na prática docente. Tais questões são indissociáveis de uma formação pedagógica voltada a formação humana, crítica e cidadã. Os intercâmbios, experiências e visões de mundo constituem uma complexa teia de significados para uma rica formação reflexiva, ética e filosófica ao aluno. Nesse sentido, a escola possui potencial a ser explorado, ainda que de forma incipiente, pois não se desencadeou em sua amplitude processos de formação e aprendizado que levem à autonomia e à formação virtuosa e ética, de pensar e ler o mundo criticamente. / Virtue, a concept of classical philosophy, is part of the general theme of this dissertation that portrays the school as an environment to be studied and is presented here as one that can offer time and space for the development of man. The paper discusses, through theoretical and bibliographic references, the conditions and processes in which the virtuous formation is given; traces a dialogue with Ethics from authors such as Kant and Aristotle and brings reflections on the contemporary school and the influences it suffers from the society in which it is inserted, as well as discusses its possibilities of acting on the virtuous formation of humanity. The work also presents, through qualitative research, data analysis resulting from a questionnaire applied to teachers of a public school. The data collection reflected, in the light of theories, the role of the school in the virtuous formation, opinions and the information of the teachers on the theme, which made possible to better understand the experiences lived by the teachers. The majority of respondents affirm that school is an environment that can contribute to virtuous formation, as well as states that there are difficulties in this work, results that show the importance of the subject and affirm the relevance of the researched topic. It is also evidenced the need for a sequence in the reflections, in order to contribute to the process of teacher training and teaching practice. These questions are indissociable from a pedagogical training geared towards human, critical and citizen formation. The exchanges, experiences and worldviews constitute a complex web of meanings for a rich reflexive, ethical and philosophical formation to the student. In this sense, the school has potential to be explored, although in an incipient way, as it did not unleash in its amplitude processes of formation and learning that lead to autonomy and virtuous and ethical formation, to think and read the world critically.

A partir dos pressupostos teóricos dos pesquisadores da Nova História e dos estudos literários do comparativismo, este trabalho analisa o Amadis de Gaula entre os dois códigos: o da cavalaria de Ramon Llull expressão do ideal cristão do cavaleiro virtuoso e perfeito , e o do amor cortês, de André Capelão, que expressa os ensinamentos do refinado amor cortesão, dentro de uma ética feudo-vassálica. Entre os interstícios desses códigos e numa Península Ibérica marcada por uma ascese cristã, erige uma história de amor que se constitui num paradigma da expressão do desejo carnal e da busca do re(encontro) com o feminino. É na via oposta ao contexto peninsular da Reconquista ibérica que se efetua a caminhada de Amadis rumo à perfeição amorosa ao encontro do Amor / The theoretical presuppositions of the researchers of the New History and the literary studies of comparativism are the starting point of this paper to analyze the Amadis de Gaula between the two codes: the chivalry by Ramon Llull the expression of the christian ideal of the virtuous and perfect knight , and the courteous love, by André Capelão, the schooling of the refined courteous love, inserted in a feud-vassal ethics. A love story is put up between the gaps of these codes in an Iberian Peninsula encarved by a christian ascese. It is compounded in an instance of the carnal desire and the search for the (re)encounter with the feminine. It is in the opposite way to the peninsular context of the Iberian Reconquest that Amadis enhances his way towards the loving perfection to meet Love

O regime da cidade virtuosa é o tema central dos escritos políticos de Alfrb÷ levando a uma ordem política cujos princípios são a realização da excelência humana ou da virtude, conduzindo à atividades úteis à aquisição da perfeição e da felicidade, pois o homem não se torna perfeito meramente pelos princípios naturais presentes nele e ele não é eternamente perfeito, mas precisa adquirir sua perfeição através da atividade que procede da compreensão racional, da deliberação e da escolha entre várias alternativas sugeridas pela razão. / The virtuous regime is the central theme of Alfrb÷s political writings and theres a political order whose guiding principles are the realization of human excellence or virtue, taking to activities useful to the achievement of perfection and happiness. Man is not rendered perfect merely through the natural principles present in him and he is not eternally perfect, but need to achieve his perfection through the activity proceeding from rational understanding, deliberation and choosing among the various alternatives suggested by reason.