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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Multiscale Model for Coupled Heat Conduction and Deformations of Viscoelastic Composites

Khan, Kamran Ahmed 2011 May 1900 (has links)
This study introduces a multiscale model for analyzing nonlinear thermo-viscoelastic responses of particulate composites. A simplified micromechanical model consisting of four sub-cells, i.e., one particle and three matrix sub-cells is formulated to obtain the effective thermal and mechanical properties and time-dependent response of the composites. The particle and matrix constituents are made of isotropic homogeneous viscoelastic bodies undergoing small deformation gradients. Perfect bonds are assumed along the sub-cell⁰́₉s interfaces. The coupling between the thermal and mechanical response is attributed to the dissipation of energy due to the viscoelastic deformation and temperature dependent material parameters in the viscoelastic constitutive model. The micromechanical relations are formulated in terms of incremental average field quantities, i.e., stress, strain, heat flux and temperature gradient, in the sub-cells. The effective mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal expansion are derived by satisfying displacement- and traction continuities at the interfaces during the thermo-viscoelastic deformations. The effective thermal conductivity is formulated by imposing heat flux- and temperature continuities at the subcells⁰́₉ interfaces. The expression of the effective specific heat at a constant stress is also established. A time integration algorithm for simultaneously solving the equations that govern heat conduction and thermoviscoelastic deformations of isotropic materials is developed. The algorithm is then incorporated within each sub-cell of the micromechanical model together with the macroscopic energy equation to determine the effective coupled thermoviscoelastic response of the particulate composite. The numerical formulation is implemented within the ABAQUS, general purpose displacement based FE software, allowing for analyzing coupled heat conduction and deformations of composite structures. Experimental data on the effective thermal properties and time dependent responses of particulate composites available in the literature are used to verify the micromechanical model formulation. The multiscale model capability is also examined by comparing the field variables, i.e., temperature, displacement, stresses and strains, obtained from heterogeneous and homogeneous composite structures, during the transient heat conduction and deformations. Examples of coupled thermoviscoelastic analyses of particulate composites and functionally graded structures are also presented. The present micromechanical modeling approach is found to be computationally efficient and shows good agreement with experiments in predicting the effective thermo-mechanical response of particulate composites and functionally graded materials. Our analyses forecast a better design for creep resistant and less dissipative structures using particulate composites and functionally graded materials.
2

Analytical Solution For Single Phase Microtube Heat Transfer Including Axial Conduction And Viscous Dissipation

Barisik, Murat 01 July 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Heat transfer of two-dimensional, hydrodynamically developed, thermally developing, single phase, laminar flow inside a microtube is studied analytically with constant wall temperature thermal boundary condition. The flow is assumed to be incompressible and thermo-physical properties of the fluid are assumed to be constant. Viscous dissipation and the axial conduction are included in the analysis. Rarefaction effect is imposed to the problem via velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions for the slip flow regime. The temperature distribution is determined by solving the energy equation together with the fully developed velocity profile. Analytical solutions are obtained for the temperature distribution and local and fully developed Nusselt number in terms of dimensionless parameters / Peclet number, Knudsen number, Brinkman number, and the parameter &amp / #954 / . The results are verified with the well-known ones from literature.
3

Compressible Convection and Subduction: Kinematic and Dynamic Modeling

Lee, Changyeol 25 October 2010 (has links)
Subduction is a dynamic and time-dependent process which requires time-dependent models for its study. In addition, due to the very high pressures within the Earth's interior, an evaluation of the role of compressibility in subduction studies should be undertaken. However, most subduction studies have been conducted by using kinematic, steady-state, and/or incompressible mantle convection models; these simplifications may miss important elements of the subduction process. In this dissertation, I evaluate the effects of time-dependence and compressibility on the evolution of subduction by using 2-D Cartesian numerical models. The effect of compressibility on the thermal and flow structures of subduction zones is evaluated by using kinematically prescribed slab and steady-state models. The effect of compressibility is primarily expressed as an additional heat source created by viscous dissipation. The heat results in thinner thermal boundary layer on the subducting slab and increases slab temperatures. With that exception, the effect of compressibility is relatively small compared with, for example, the effect of the mantle rheology on the thermal and flow structures of the mantle wedge. Plate reconstruction models show that the convergence rate and age of the incoming plate to trench vary with time, which poses a problem for steady-state subduction models. Thus, I consider the time-dependent convergence rate and age of the incoming plate in the kinematic-dynamic subduction models in order to understand the localization of high-Mg# andesites in the western Aleutians. The results show that the localization of high-Mg# andesites is a consequence of the time-dependent convergence rate and slab age along the Aleutian arc. The influence of mantle and slab parameters as well as compressibility on the slab dynamics is evaluated by using 2-D dynamic subduction models. The results demonstrate that periodic slab buckling in the mantle results in periodic convergence rate and dip of the subducting slab; time-dependence is a natural expression of subduction. The effect of compressibility on the slab dynamics is not significant. The periodic convergence rate and dip of the subducting slab explain time-dependent seafloor spreading at the mid-ocean ridge, convergence rate of the oceanic plate at trench and arc-normal migration of arc volcanoes. / Ph. D.
4

Formation et déplacement de gouttes confinées : Instabilités et dynamiques / Formation and transport of confined drops : instabilities and dynamics

Keiser, Ludovic 29 January 2018 (has links)
Les écoulements biphasiques en milieux poreux sont généralement accompagnés par des phénomènes d'émulsification d'une phase dans l'autre. Les causes peuvent être nombreuses, de la digitation visqueuse aux instabilités purement capillaires. Cette thèse expérimentale a pour objet l'étude d'un mécanisme particulier d'émulsification de l'huile en milieu poreux, ainsi que le transport des gouttes produites dans des milieux confinés. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, l'instabilité gravito-capillaire de Rayleigh-Taylor est revisitée dans un coin formé entre deux plaques de verre centimétriques. La présence d'un gradient de confinement introduit une force capillaire supplémentaire à cette instabilité canonique, susceptible de stabiliser une couche de liquide suspendue au-dessus du vide. Le seuil de stabilité, les longueurs d'onde caractéristiques et les taux de croissance sont bien modélisés par une analyse de stabilité linéaire de l'interface. La caractérisation de cette force capillaire induite par le gradient de confinement nous amène par la suite à l'étude d'une instabilité purement capillaire se produisant lorsqu'un fluide en mouillage très favorable migre vers les régions les plus confinées d'un coin, occupées initialement par un fluide en mouillage moins favorable. Le gradient de confinement introduit alors une force déstabilisante, aboutissant à l'inversion de la position respective des deux phases. Le liquide le moins mouillant est complètement émulsifié et transporté vers les régions les moins confinées sous la forme de gouttelettes. Une analyse de stabilité linéaire de l'interface permet, là encore, de prédire cette sélection de taille. Les taux de croissance mesurés ne sont en revanche pas en accord avec la modélisation, basée sur la loi de Darcy. Leur valeur suggère une localisation de la dissipation visqueuse dans les lignes de contact déplacées durant le développement de l'instabilité, ainsi que dans les films de lubrification également déposés. Ces dynamiques "non-darciennes" nous ont amenés dans une seconde partie de la thèse à l'étude du transport de gouttes d'huile très visqueuses confinées dans de l'eau en mouillage total. Dans cette configuration, la présence de films de lubrification d'eau entre la goutte et le substrat assure la localisation de la dissipation dans les films peu visqueux, favorisant ainsi la mobilité des gouttes. Nous montrons également que la présence de rugosités sur les parois du confinement induit un ralentissement significatif de la vitesse des gouttes, lié à l'amincissement du film de lubrification par ces rugosités. L'interdépendance subtile entre friction visqueuse à l'avant de la goutte et dans son volume est notamment mise en lumière. Dans une dernière partie, nous étudions l'instabilité capillaire se produisant lorsqu'une goutte binaire d'eau et d'alcool est déposée à la surface d'un bain d'huile. L'évaporation majoritaire de l'alcool à la surface de la goutte induit des variations locales de la tension de surface. Des écoulements interfaciaux de Marangoni se produisent, et aboutissent à la déstabilisation spectaculaire de la goutte en étalement. / Biphasic flows in porous media generally lead to the emulsification of one phase into the other. This may be due to several phenomena, such as viscous fingering or pure capillary instabilities. In this experimental thesis, we study a particular emulsifying phenomenon of oil in a model porous medium, as well as the transport of the produced droplets in confined regions. In the first part of the manuscript, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability is revisited in a wedge formed between two centimetric glass plates. The gradient of confinement leads to a capillary force not present in the canonical Rayleigh-Taylor instability. This new force can stabilize liquid layer above air submitted to gravity. The threshold of the instability, the characteristic wavelength and the growth rate are captured by a linear stability analysis of the interface. This characterization of the confinement-induced capillary force drove us to the study of a pure capillary instability occurring when a wetting liquid migrates toward the most confined regions of a wedge, initially filled with a less wetting liquid. The gradient of confinement generates a destabilizing force, leading to the complete inversion of the position of both phases. The less wetting liquid is fully emulsified and the produced droplets are convected towards the less confined regions. A linear stability analysis of the interface here again predicts the characteristic size of the droplets. However, the measured growth rates are not in agreement with the model, based on the Darcy law. This suggests a localization of viscous dissipation in the contact lines displaced during the development of the instability. Another source of viscous dissipation can be in the deposited lubrication films. Those "non-Darcian" dynamics motivated the second part of this thesis, which focuses on the motion of very viscous and non-wetting droplets confined in water. In this configuration, the lubrication film of water between the drop and the substrate ensures the localization of viscous dissipation in those films of low viscosity. This favors the extremely high mobility of the droplets. We also show that wall roughness may induce a thinning of these lubrication films. We shed light on the intricate coupling between viscous friction at the front of the drop and in its bulk. In a last part of this work, we study the capillary instability occurring when a binary droplet of water and alcohol is deposited at the surface of a vegetable oil bath. The dominant evaporation of alcohol at the surface of the drop induces local variations of surface tension. Interfacial Marangoni flows are thus observed, leading to the spectacular destabilization of the spreading droplet
5

Analysis Of Single Phase Convective Heat Transfer In Microtubes And Microchannels

Cetin, Barbaros 01 January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Heat transfer analysis of two-dimensional, incompressible, constant property, hydrodynamically developed, thermally developing, single phase laminar flow in microtubes and microchannels between parallel plates with negligible axial conduction is performed for constant wall temperature and constant wall heat flux thermal boundary conditions for slip flow regime. Fully developed velocity profile is determined analytically, and energy equation is solved by using finite difference method for both of the geometries. The rarefaction effect which is important for flow in low pressures or flow in microchannels is imposed to the boundary conditions of the momentum and energy equations. The viscous dissipation term which is important for high speed flows or flows in long pipelines is included in the energy equation. The effects of rarefaction and viscous heating on temperature profile and local Nusselt number are discussed. The results of the numerical method are verified with the well-known analytical results of the flow in macrochannels (i.e. Kn =0, Br =0) and with the available analytical results of flow in microchannels for simplified cases. The results show significant deviations from the flow in macrochannels.
6

Rhéologie des matériaux pâteux : vers un continuum des régimes solide et liquide. Application aux boues résiduaires / Rheology of pasty materials : on the way to a continuum between solid and liquid regimes. Application to sewage sludge

Quignon-Tosoni, Justine 03 December 2015 (has links)
Dans un contexte d’augmentation constante des volumes de boues d’épuration à traiter, l’optimisation du traitement des boues est un enjeu primordial. Les étapes de traitement, et de transport mettent en jeu des écoulements qu’il est nécessaire de comprendre et de prédire afin, par exemple, de pour pouvoir estimer les pertes de charges en conduite ou bien pour dimensionner les installations de pompage. D’un point de vue physique, les boues peuvent être considérées comme une suspension de particules dans un gel suspendant. Ainsi, le comportement rhéologique des boues d’épuration présente des similitudes importantes avec les suspensions colloïdales et les gels polymériques. Ces trois types de matériaux, i.e. les boues d’épuration, les gels colloïdaux et les suspensions polymériques, présentent un comportement rhéologique complexe dépendant du temps et de la sollicitation imposée. Ils présentent un comportement dual, solide aux contraintes faibles, et liquide pour des contraintes élevées. La transition solide-liquide est généralement modélisée par la définition d’un seuil de contrainte ou de déformation, supposé séparer les régimes solide et liquide. Cependant, cette notion de seuil suppose une transition abrupte, et s’oppose aux observations expérimentales qui mettent en évidence une transition continue et progressive. L’étude de la littérature a permis de mettre en évidence une nécessité d’améliorer la compréhension et la modélisation du phénomène de transition solide-liquide. De plus, il est nécessaire d’unifier la description des régimes solide et liquide sous un même modèle, afin de mettre en lien une continuité mathématique avec le caractère continu et progressif du phénomène physique modélisé. Une analyse des résultats disponibles dans la littérature nous a permis de construire un modèle mathématique unique pour décrire le comportement solide et le comportement liquide des matériaux étudiés. Les hypothèses posées à partir de la littérature pour construire ce modèle ont ensuite été validées expérimentalement. Le modèle proposé est basé sur la décomposition de la complaisance du matériau en la somme d’une contribution solide et d’une contribution liquide, dépendant du temps, de la sollicitation appliquée et de l’histoire du matériau. Ce modèle permet une description commune des comportements solides et liquides du matériau, en tenant compte de l’existence d’une élasticité résiduelle y compris pour des contraintes élevées, et d’une dissipation visqueuse faible pour les contraintes faibles, conformément aux résultats expérimentaux. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence le fait que le mécanisme de transition solide-liquide était piloté non pas par la contrainte ou par la déformation, mais par la complaisance du matériau. De plus, ils ont permis d’ouvrir la voie à une nouvelle manière d’appréhender la thixotropie et la transition solide-liquide des matériaux pâteux. En effet, le comportement d’un matériau pâteux est piloté par deux paramètres : un module élastique plateau correspondant à un état totalement structuré, et une viscosité infinie correspondant à un état totalement déstructuré. Ces paramètres intrinsèques au matériau sont alors pondérés par des évolutions de la microstructure, menant à une compétition entre les effets élastiques et les effets visqueux. Ainsi, la différence entre un comportement de type loi de puissance et un comportement de type loi de puissance à seuil peut être expliquée simplement par l’apparition d’effets élastiques non négligeables. / In a context of constant increasing volumes of wastewater treatment sludge, optimizing the treatment of sludge appears to be crucial. Each step of treatment and transportation involves flows. It appears necessary to understand and predict these flows in order, for example, to estimate pressure drops in pipes or to size properly pumping facilities. In a physical point of view, sludge can be considered as a suspension of particles in a gel. Thus, its rheological behaviour presents significant similarities to that of colloidal suspensions of polymeric gels. These three types of materials, i.e. wastewater treatment sludge, colloidal suspensions and polymeric gels, present a complex rheological behaviour which depend on both time and the applied solicitation. They exhibit a dual behaviour, solid at low shear stresses, and liquid when the applied shear stress is high. The solid-liquid behaviour is generally modelled by defining a critical shear stress or a critical strain, supposed to be the limit between the solid and liquid regimes. Nevertheless, this concept implies an abrupt transition, unlike experimental observations showing a continuous and progressive transition. The study of the literature permitted to highlight the need to improve the understanding and modelling of the solid-liquid transition. Moreover, it appears necessary to unify the description of the solid and liquid regime in a unique model, in order to link a mathematical continuity with thecontinuous and progressive nature of the physical phenomenon to model. The study of the results available in the literature permited us to build a unique mathematical model to describe both the solid behaviour and the liquid behaviour of the studied materials. The assumptions made from the literature results have thus been experimentally validated. The proposed model is based on the decomposition of the compliance of the material in the sum of a solid contribution and a liquid contribution, depending on time, the applied solicitation and the story of the material. This model permits a unique description of solide and liquid regimes of the material, taking into account the existence of a residual elasticity at high shear stresses, and a viscous dissipation for low shear stresses, in accordance with experimental results. This work permitted to highlight the fact that the solid-liquid transition mecanism is controlled by the compliance of the material, and not the shear stress or the strain. Moreover, it opened the way to a new way of understanding the thixotropy and the solid-liquid transition of pasty materials. Thus, the behaviour of a pasty material is controlled by two parameters : a plateau elastic modulus corresponding to a totally structured state, and an infinite viscosity corresponding to a totally destructured state. These parameters intrinsic to the material are pondered by the evolutions of the microstructure, leading to a competition between elastic and viscous effects. Thus, the difference between the power law behaviour and the Herschel-Bulkley behaviour can be simply explained by the apparition of elastic effects that can’t be neglected.
7

Numerical analysis of unsteady MHD mixed conversion flow past an infinite vertical plate in the presence of Dufour and Soret effects with viscous dissipation

Mukwevho, Nancy 18 May 2018 (has links)
MSc (Mathematics) / Department of Mathematcs and Applied Mathematics / Magnetohydrodynamics ows have gained signi cant attention due to their importance in engineering applications. In this study, we numerically analysed the Dufour and Soret e ects on an unsteady MHD mixed convection ow past an in nite vertical plate with viscous dissipation. The governing non-linear partial di erential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a system of ordinary di erential equations (ODEs) by the suitable similarity transformations. The resulting equations consist of the momentum, energy and mass di usion equations. These resulting equations are solved using the Spectral Local Linearization Method (SLLM). Results obtained by the SLLM are in good agreement with the bvp4c technique. The e ects of di erent physical parameters entering into the problem are displayed graphically. The values of the Skin-friction (f0(0)), Nusselt number (􀀀 0(0)) and Sherwood number (􀀀 0(0)) are shown in tabular form for di erent values of the parameters. From the results, it is noted that the Soret number (Sr) and the Dufour number (Du) have negligible e ects on temperature pro le, whereas the decrease in the Soret number (Sr) leads to a decrease in both velocity and concentration of the uid, and the increase in Dufour number (Du) reduces the velocity and also has negligilbe e ect on the concentration pro le. / NRF
8

Effets de la viscosité et de la capillarité sur les vibrations linéaires d'une structure élastique contenant un liquide incompressible. / Effects of viscosity and capillarity on the linear vibrations of an elastic structure containing an incompressible liquid

Miras, Thomas 03 July 2013 (has links)
Ce travail de recherche traite du couplage entre un liquide incompressible, irrotationnel et son contenant : une structure élastique. Cette interaction fluide-structure est traitée dans le cadre des petites déformations autour d'un état d'équilibre.Dans un premier temps, on présente une méthode d'introduction des sources dissipatives visqueuses dans le liquide à partir des équations du système couplé conservatif en s'appuyant sur une approche de type fluide potentiel généralement utilisée pour traiter les problèmes de couplage fluide-structure linéarisés non amortis. Un modèle d'amortissement diagonal est alors choisi pour le liquide et les effets dissipatifs de celui-ci sont pris en compte en calculant les coefficients d'amortissement modaux. Seuls les effets dissipatifs liées à la viscosité du liquide sont alors pris en compte. Le système couplé dissipatif obtenu possède une matrice d'amortissement non symétrique. Une résolution de ce système à amortissement non classique est alors présentée et les expressions des réponses fréquentielle et temporelle linéarisées sont données pour différents types d'excitations.Dans un deuxième temps, le liquide est supposé non visqueux et les forces de tension surfacique sont prises en compte. Cette configuration concerne principalement les satellites où le système couplé est en situation de microgravité. Une formulation du problème conservatif permettant de prendre en compte l'incompressibilité du fluide, la condition de continuité à l'interface fluide structure, les effets de capillarité du fluide ainsi que les effets éventuels de précontraintes statiques est alors établie. On se propose pour cela d'utiliser une méthode énergétique via le Principe de Moindre Action. La démarche est alors décomposée en deux étapes : une étude statique afin de déterminer la position de référence, puis une étude dynamique linéarisée autour de cette position d'équilibre. Cette formulation forme notamment une base pour l'introduction des sources dissipatives liées aux effets de capillarité via la méthode précédemment introduite. / This study deals with the coupling between an incompressible, irrotational fluid and an elastic container in the context of small amplitude vibrations.Firstly, we present a method to introduce the viscous dissipative sources in the liquid directly from the equations of the conservative coupled problem using a fluid potential approach generally used to treat linear undamped problems. A diagonal damping model is chosen for the liquid and its dissipative effects are taken into account through modal damping coefficients. Only the viscous effects are considered here. The coupled system obtained has a non symmetric damping matrix. This system with non classical damping is solved and expressions of the frequency and linearized time responses are given for different load examples.Secondly, the liquid is supposed to be inviscid and surface tension forces are considered. This configuration is related to satellite applications where the coupled system is in microgravity conditions. A unified formulation of the conservative problem taking into account the fluid incompressibility, the contact condition at the fluid structure interface, capillarity and prestress effects is given. Thus, we propose to use an energy method via the Least Action Principle. The reasoning is then divided into two parts: a static study to determine the reference state and a linearized dynamic study around this equilibrium state. This formulation is a good framework to introduce the dissipative sources associated with the capillary effects by using the method previously introduced.

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