Bakgrund: Prevalensen av övervikt och fetma hos barn har ökat över hela världen de senaste årtionden. Primroseprojektet är ett forskningsprojekt som studerar möjligheten att förebygga barnfetma genom föräldrasamtal på barnavårdscentralen (BVC). Sjuksköterskans compliance till den interventionsmanual som används förväntas vara viktigt för resultatet. Syfte: Att inom ramen för Primroseprojektet bedöma hur föräldrar och BVC sjuksköterskor, i samband med att barnet genomgår hälsoundersökning vid tolv månaders ålder på barnavårdscentralen, följt Primrosemanualens instruktioner. Metod : Matdagbok och målformuleringsblad granskades utifrån om de var ifyllda enligt manualens instruktioner . Målformuleringsbladet poängsattes också utifrån den detaljnivå målen var formulerade. Resultat: Nästan 75 procent av de inkomna matdagböckerna var ifyllda på ett korrekt sätt. Resultatet av poängbedömningen av målformuleringsbladen visade att sjuksköterskan tillsammans med föräldern inte hade formulerat detaljerade mål i den omfattning som var önskvärd. Slutsats: Instruktionerna för hur matdagböckerna skulle fyllas i var tydliga. Den låga graden av detaljerade mål tror författarna beror på en bristande överensstämmelse mellan hur instruktionerna till sjuksköterskan var formulerade och de kriterier som skulle vara uppfyllda för att få poäng. / Background: The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased worldwide during the last few decades. The Primrose project studies the potential to prevent child obesity by parental consultation at a child health centre. It is critical that the health visitor complies with the instruction manual for any intervention. Aim : Within the framework of the Primrose project, evaluate to what extent health visitors and parents have followed the instructions in the Primrose manual, during a health control at the age of twelve months. Method: The food diary and the goal formulation sheet were studied in order to evaluate whether they had been completed according to the manual. The latter was graded using a recommended point system related to the level of detail the goals were formulated. Result: Nearly 75% of the food diaries were completed in a correct manner. The evaluation of the points derived from the goal formulation sheets indicates that the health visitor, together with the parents, had not been able to formulate the goals in sufficient detail. Conclusion: The instructions for the completion of the food diaries are clear. The authors consider that the unsatisfactory result with the level of detail the goals were formulated is caused by the lack of agreement between the way the instructions were presented and the demands of the criteria that steer the point system.

This dissertation proposes an initial framework for designing and presenting exhibits in science centers and to recommend methods for improving the educational role of planetariums in science centers.

People are fascinated with death and disaster. One simply has to watch traffic slow to a crawl when passing a car accident to understand this. However, this fascination goes beyond the side of a highway and enters the realm of tourism. Today, numerous sites of death and disaster attract millions of visitors from all around the world: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Anne Frank's House, Graceland, Oklahoma City, Gettysburg, Vimy Ridge, the Somme, Arlington National Cemetery. The list grows each year as exhibited by the recent creation of an apartheid museum in Johannesburg, South Africa. Due to the increasing popularity of this tourism product, a small number of academics have begun studying the phenomenon. Leading the field are Lennon and Foley who labeled it Dark Tourism, Seaton who coined the term Thanatourism, and Rojek who developed the concept of Black Spots. However, despite ongoing study, there has been a paucity in understanding what actually motivates individuals to sites of dark tourism. Yet understanding motivation is imperative, particularly given the subject and sensitivity of these sites. Some are slowly decaying, and visitors play a large role in their preservation. Subsequently, without proper management, visitor influxes can further deteriorate sites or induce friction with the locals. Knowledge then, also provides administrators the necessary tools to properly manage the varying stakeholders. Although many feel an interest in death and disaster simply stems from morbidity, the range of factors involved extend from an interest in history and heritage to education to remembrance. To begin this study, a list of possible motivations was compiled. Then, to get a better comprehension of these motivations, visitors to the Holocaust Museum Houston were surveyed as a case study. As a commodified, synthetic site of death and atrocity, the museum fits the definitions of a dark tourism site as established by lead academics. Therefore, by asking visitors to the museum what motivated them to the site, the results will hopefully give some acumen into the wants and needs of certain stakeholders. Finally, this research sought to discover if motivation at the museum could shed light on motivation to other sites of dark tourism.

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker finansieringsprocessen för besöksattraktioner i turismindustrin. Studiens syfte är att beskriva hur större besöksattraktioner sökt olika vägar för att finansiera uppstarten av sin verksamhet. Dessutom syftar uppsatsen till att se hur företagen i den inledande processen arbetat med affärsutveckling samt om och hur det påverkat möjligheten att realisera projektet. Uppsatsen ger kunskap i hur olika finansieringsalternativ kan se ut, samt vilken roll affärsutvecklingen har för att attrahera finansiering till besöksattraktionen. För att besvara de framtagna frågeställningarna för studien har kvalitativa intervjuer genomförts med fem svenska etablerade besöksattraktioner.  En intervju har även genomförts med en entreprenör som är under finansieringsprocessen för att kunna tas fram på marknaden. Intervjuerna har genomförts för att ge svar på vilka finansieringsval som gjorts, vilka hinder som påträffats, vilken roll affärsutveckling haft i processen samt hur den vidare finansieringen av attraktioner ser ut. Resultatet av studien visar att bidrag, riskkapital, banklån och “bootstrapping” har används för att finansiera besöksattraktionerna. Att kunna finansiera en projektgrupp ansågs vara en viktig del av initieringsprocessen. Affärsplanen har även fungerat som ett verktyg för att erhålla finansieringen i utvecklingsprocessen hos två av besöksattraktionerna. Tillgången till rätt kontakter vid sökandet efter finansiärer i utvecklingen ansågs även som en viktig del hos två av besöksattraktionerna. Samarbeten, partnerskap och sidoverksamheter anses även vara vitala för den fortsatta finansieringen av attraktionen. / This bachelor thesis examines the funding process for visitor attractions in the tourism industry. The purpose of this study is to describe how the larger experience attractions have sought various ways to finance the start up of their business. In addition, the study aims to see how companies in the initial process worked with business development and if and how it has affected the ability to realize the project. To answer the questions developed for the study, qualitative interviews were conducted with five Swedish established visitor attractions. An interview was also carried out with an entrepreneur in the funding process. The interviews were conducted to provide information on the funding choices made, obstacles encountered, how business development is used in the process and how the further financing of the attractions might look like. The results of the study show that venture capital, bank loans and “bootstrapping” has been used to finance the visit attractions. The funding of the project group was considered an important part of the start up process. The business plan has functioned as a tool to obtain funding in the development process at two of the visitor attractions. Access to the right people in the search for funding in the development was considered as an important part by two of the visitor attractions. Collaborations, a partnership and ancillary activity is also considered important for the continued funding of the attraction.

Animals are confronted with potential stressors at zoos compared to in the wild, such as visitors and lack of environmental stimulation. This study included two projects conducted on the drills at Parken Zoo in Eskilstuna where I investigated: 1) the effect of visual barriers on the behaviour of the drills and if the visual barriers can moderate the visitor effect on the drills and 2) how outdoor-only access together with feeding enrichment (frozen fruit and tube feeders) affects the behaviour of the drills. 1/0- sampling method was used when observing the behaviours of the drills with 1 minute-intervals. Resting/Sleeping increased, while social agonistic behaviour and stereotypies decreased with visual barriers. A moderated visitor effect was shown in resting/sleeping and social affiliative behaviour in the drills with visual barriers. However, social agonistic behaviour and visitor interaction were still affected by visitors after the installation of the visual barriers, implying that the drills still find visitors stressful to some extent and that further alterations on the observation area viewing the indoor enclosure is recommended for the welfare of the drills. With outdoor-only access together with feeding enrichment, locomotion, foraging/eating and body-shaking increased, while resting/sleeping, social affiliative and agonistic behaviour, stereotypies, visitor interaction, scratching and self-grooming decreased. This suggests that outdoor-only access and feeding enrichment improve the behaviour of the drills and would be a valid option during summer season for the drills at Parken Zoo.

The objectives of this study were two fold. The first was to quantify the nature and extent of current levels of human impact in alpine areas at four sites within Fiordland and Mount Aspiring National Parks along walking tracks at Key Summit, Gertrude Saddle, Borland Saddle and Sugarloaf Pass. In order to do so, a survey was carried out with transects placed perpendicular to the track, and distributed among different vegetation types. In each transect, plant structural and compositional aspects, and soil and environmental parameters were measured. Transects were divided into track, transition, undisturbed and control zones, and changes to dependent variables were compared with distance from the track centre. Damage from visitor impact was largely restricted to within 1m from the track centre. The most significant impacts were to structural aspects of plant and soil properties with significant reductions in plant height, total vegetation cover and bryophyte cover, and increases in bareground and erosion on tracks. Erosion was more prevalent on slopes greater than 25°, while tracks on peat soils contained greater bareground exposure, particularly of organic soil. The second study objective was to investigate the relationship between specific levels of impact and the resulting damage to two key alpine vegetation types, tussock herb field and cushion bog. This was undertaken by carrying out controlled trampling experiments, measuring changes to plant structural and compositional aspects four weeks and one year after treatment. Both vegetation types saw dramatic reductions in total vegetation cover and height immediately after trampling, however overall composition and species richness varied little. These two alpine vegetation types showed moderate-low resistance to initial impact and low resilience, with very little recovery evident one year later. Research intothese two areas is important for managing visitor use within alpine areas in order to meet conservation and recreation goals. The survey indicates that alpine community types are very sensitive to visitor use, showing significant structural damage, however the spatial extent of impact is limited within the broader landscape. Instead, visitor impacts associated with tracks are likely to be more visually and aesthetically significant, influencing the visitor experience. The trampling experiments indicate that use levels over 25-75 passes per year within tussock herbfield and cushion bog vegetation on peat soils will result in ongoing damage to previously undisturbed sites. Methods for minimising impacts include limiting visitor numbers, public education in low impact practices, redirection of tracks and use to areas that are less sensitive, the dispersal of visitor activity at very low use intensities (less than 75 direct passes per year) and the concentration of activity on tracks above this level.

Welfare aka comfortable life style of animals is a state when an animal is balanced with environment. All requirements are fulfilled for its physical and mental health. If the animal is healthy, we expect all requirements checked. Mentioned requirements of welfare set Webster in 1999. He made up a theory of 5 freedoms which has to follow every breeder to keep physical and mental health of animals. Welfare is doing very well in ZOO, because it keeps all animals needs fulfilled as much as possible. I made questionnaire for visitors to find out interest about welfare in one of unnamed Zoo. There were 200 filled questionnaire during July, August and September of 2017. The target of this work was to find out an interest about animal welfare in certain ZOO. Other target was finding out the most and the least happy animal by visitors.

Master of Science / Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources / Ryan L. Sharp / Visual-based methods are vital tools within outdoor recreation management. This method allows researchers to develop an empirical evaluation of social norms of outdoor recreationists. To better understand visitor’s perceptions, and provide usable information to site managers, researchers must better understand their methodology. This study assessed whether photograph order, within a visually-based method, in a field setting, creates differential results relative to a lab setting by comparing our results to previous literature. To accomplish this, a study was conducted at Buffalo National River (BUFF), Arkansas, USA. Visual-based methods were used in a field setting to determine whether there are order effects in perceptions of crowding between sequential and non-sequential photograph presentation order. Results indicated that study setting may influence whether order effects are present. This research will contribute to the growing body of work in the study of research methods for protected area and visitor use management.

The Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site covers an area of over 47000 hectares in the north-western corner of Gauteng, straddling the boundary between Gauteng and North West provinces. The area is of outstanding universal value as it contains a complex of palaeontological and palaeo – anthropological sites which have yielded some of the most valuable evidence worldwide of the origins of modern humans. Embedded in the rocks found in the numerous dolomitic caves in the area are the fossilised remains of hominids, their lithicultural remains and fossils of other plants, animals and pollen. These give a complete picture of the hominids and their surroundings dating back over 3.3 million years. The richness and variety of these deposits, their excellent preservation in the caves, and the age of the specimens, make this area of world significance. The aim of this dissertation is the development of an architectural product that aids interpretation of the meanings and values inherent in the COH WHS and its context. The design approach is rational and simplicity is explored in order to develop the building as communication medium and introduction to the context. By its design, the building becomes an unobtrusive line in the landscape, focusing attention on the natural setting and exposing visitors to the unique character of this heritage site. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Architecture / unrestricted

Theoretical part defines tourism generally, it describes basic terms and it characterizes destination marketing. Third part is about beer tourism. Following chapter introduces company Plzeňský Prazdroj, a.s. and it mentiones corporate mergers of breweries in Pilsen, Velké Popovice and Nošovice. It recounts tours in these three breweries. Situation analysis is divided into two parts. Analysis of external environment includes PEST analysis, competiton analysis, analysis of cooperating subjects and customer analysis. Analysis of internal environment involves analysis of strengths and weaknesses of visitor tours in three breweries. Six chapter is about questionnaire and evaluating results from it. Last chapter judges what is the influence of visitor tours on development of tourism in three regions in Czech republic. It contains some suggestions how to improve visit rates in the breweries.