abstract: The proper quantification and visualization of uncertainty requires a high level of domain knowledge. Despite this, few studies have collected and compared the roles, experiences and opinions of scientists in different types of uncertainty analysis. I address this gap by conducting two types of studies: 1) a domain characterization study with general questions for experts from various fields based on a recent literature review in ensemble analysis and visualization, and; 2) a long-term interview with domain experts focusing on specific problems and challenges in uncertainty analysis. From the domain characterization, I identified the most common metrics applied for uncertainty quantification and discussed the current visualization applications of these methods. Based on the interviews with domain experts, I characterized the background and intents of the experts when performing uncertainty analysis. This enables me to characterize domain needs that are currently underrepresented or unsupported in the literature. Finally, I developed a new framework for visualizing uncertainty in climate ensembles. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2016

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka hur företag använder sig av narrativ och form i reklamfilmer för att forma en publiks förväntningar och marknadsföra en produkt, med hjälp av frågeställningen “På vilka sätt kan förväntningar för en viss publik skapas genom narrativ och form samt förkunskap och genre i reklamfilmen Bambi (2001), och hur använder sig Sony detta för att sälja en produkt?”. Materialet, en film som gör reklam för spelkonsolen Playstation 2, analyseras genom en visuell analys, kombinerat med en film- samt narrativ analys. Undersökningen resulterade i konstaterandet att filmskaparna har, med hjälp av narrativ, filmtekniska metoder som bild och ljud, samt tidigare erfarenheter av reklamfilmer, försökt forma en viss publiks förväntningar i syftet att sälja en spelkonsol. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze how companies are using narrative and form in commercials in order to shape an audience's expectations and market a product, with the thesis question “In which ways can expectations for a certain audience be created through narrative and form as well as prior knowledge and genre in commercial Bambi (2001), and how is Sony using this to sell a product?”. The material, a film to market gaming console Playstation 2, is being analyzed through a visual analysis, combined with a film- and narrative analysis. The thesis resulted in the finding that the creators have, with the help of narrative, film technical methods such as picture and sound, as well as prior knowledge of commercials, tried to form a specific audience’s expectations with the purpose of selling a gaming console.

2020 was the year a pandemic hit the world. Along with that, media was swamped with information about death numbers, epidemiological facts, and an urge to inform people on the current situation. The information campaigns by the Austrian government were no exception. Highlighted in these campaigns were children, especially when it came to the relationship with grandparents or presenting how to keep distance through the display of a baby elephant. A visual analysis of information campaigns was conducted in order to find out how children were presented in these campaigns and to further identify what messages were conveyed in relation to children. Four themes emerged during the research process that gave answers to the research questions posed. The results show that children were shown in relation to their grandparents or their family. Moreover, they were often used to present innocence and in need of protection, but paradoxically also as socially responsible over the health and well-being of the older generation. Often so, they were used mimicking the voice of the initiators of the campaign “Look after yourself, look after me” and even used in relation to distance keeping where a child in a baby elephant costume “taught” adults how to keep distance. Research on children’s representation in media in relation to a pandemic is rather slim and there is an urgent need to gain more knowledge in this area, since this would broaden the awareness of how children are represented and seen by a society the reside within.

The aim of our study was to examine which news images the media industry choose to reward. The World Press Photo Awards is an anual competition in which a jury of professional photo journalists appoints a winner among over 90 000 contributions. We have studied twelve pictures that have won World Press Photo of the Year over the time span of six decades to explore the characteristics of the winning pictures, but also to give a perspective over time. For the purpose of our study, we took a closer look at the roles of the people in the pictures, as well as the attributes and contexts related to them.   Our findings indicate that myths seem to play a central part in the telling and retelling of stories. The tradgedy of human lives is a reoccurring element, and the people are in most cases depicted in a negative context. The story of the victim, for example, was common in the winning pictures.   We could see that civilians frequently appears in photographs, especially suffering children who often stands as a symbol of weakness. As connected to the mishap of people, our research found similarities to other studies focusing on how news stories speak to our compassion and emotions.

This thesis draws critically on approaches to globalisation, translation and advertising to analyse current translation practices using multimodal advertising texts. The purpose of this study is both to show evidence of the need to approach advertising translation from an interdisciplinary and intersemiotic perspective, and to remark on the need to incorporate such an approach into translation training and practice. It is developed in the broader context of globalisation and its impacts on socio-economic changes and cultural interaction worldwide. The intensification of global communications together with technological advances enhance the steady flow of knowledge and information, whilst at the same time there is a tendency to accentuate commonalities between cultures, clearly illustrated by standardised strategies used in global advertising campaigns. However, one key obstacle in the spread of standardised messages is language diversity, something that has caused translation to gain an active role in global advertising since it facilitates dialogue between global companies and international consumers; thus, translation has not only become an activity that overcomes linguistic and cultural barriers but also a commercial tool. This thesis focuses on the translation of advertisements as an intentional communication act that involves a team process into which translation may be integrated. Translation encompasses concepts that go beyond linguistic matters such as contextual issues and extralinguistic communication sign systems. The translation of advertisements is a growing area of study, with current research mainly limited to the study of linguistic matters. Consequently, in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of multimodal translations (text and images in this study) in a professional context, this research incorporates concepts and knowledge from visual analysis and advertising. This thesis suggests a multimodal method of analysis consisting of different phases integrating visual analysis as a part of the translation process. The 2 proposed methodology is illustrated by a corpus of Spanish-English pairs of standardised print advertisements from the beauty and cosmetics sector. The conclusion is that it is vital to consider the extralinguistic aspects surrounding a multimodal text from both a descriptive and critical perspective in order to read connotative information from words, images and the text-image unit. Translation training might also benefit from including this multimodal approach and further collaborative work must be done between translators and marketers to better understand and consolidate the role of translation in this area.

The aim of our study was to examine war pictures rewarded by the prominent foundation World Press Photo. Direct and indirect the foundation displays pictures to Western audience, pictures that are considered prestigious and current by the foundation itself. The image of World Press Photo and the editorial staff behind the organization therefore reflect how the West perceives current events in the world. Hereby, knowingly and unknowingly the foundation contributes to construct and reproduce everlasting pictures of important events. By examining how pictures are constructed and to ascertain what resemblances and differences that pictures of the Vietnam War as well as modern wars and conflicts contain, we consequently investigated eight war pictures awarded by the foundation World Press Photo. Our findings indicate that these war pictures offer emotional aspects like compassion and suffering. In addition, several photos provide notion of a postcolonial perspective of us and them. Our results also display that the awarded war pictures.

Prior research has explored the counterchange model of motion detection in terms of counterchanging information that originates in the stimulus foreground (or objects). These experiments explore counterchange apparent motion with regard to a new apparent motion stimulus where the necessary counterchanging information required for apparent motion is provided by altering the luminance of the background. It was found that apparent motion produced by background-counterchange requires longer frame durations and lower levels of average stimulus contrast compared to foreground-counterchange. Furthermore, inter-object distance does not influence apparent motion produced by background-counterchange to the degree it influences apparent motion produced by foreground-counterchange. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Bancos de dados relacionais são fontes de dados rigidamente estruturadas, caracterizadas por relacionamentos complexos entre um conjunto de relações (tabelas). Entender tais relacionamentos é um desafio, porque os usuários precisam considerar múltiplas relações, entender restrições de integridade, interpretar vários atributos, e construir consultas SQL para cada tentativa de exploração. Neste cenário, introduz-se uma metodologia em duas etapas; primeiro utiliza-se um grafo organizado como uma estrutura hierárquica para modelar os relacionamentos do banco de dados, e então, propõe-se uma nova técnica de visualização para exploração relacional. Os resultados demonstram que a proposta torna a exploração de bases de dados significativamente simplificada, pois o usuário pode navegar visualmente pelos dados com pouco ou nenhum conhecimento sobre a estrutura subjacente. Além disso, a navegação visual de dados remove a necessidade de consultas SQL, e de toda complexidade que elas requerem. Acredita-se que esta abordagem possa trazer um paradigma inovador no que tange à compreensão de dados relacionais / Relational databases are rigid-structured data sources characterized by complex relationships among a set of relations (tables). Making sense of such relationships is a challenging problem because users must consider multiple relations, understand their ensemble of integrity constraints, interpret dozens of attributes, and draw complex SQL queries for each desired data exploration. In this scenario, we introduce a twofold methodology; we use a hierarchical graph representation to efficiently model the database relationships and, on top of it, we designed a visualization technique for rapidly relational exploration. Our results demonstrate that the exploration of databases is deeply simplified as the user is able to visually browse the data with little or no knowledge about its structure, dismissing the need of complex SQL queries. We believe our findings will bring a novel paradigm in what concerns relational data comprehension.

Brief experimental analysis (BEA) is a well-documented analysis strategy that rapidly manipulates instructional variables to identify the most effective intervention to support a student’s academic needs. However, consensus on how BEA data should be evaluated is not evident in published BEA articles. This study investigated the agreement between evaluation methods (i.e., visual analysis, no assumptions effect size, percentage of nonoverlapping data, nonoverlap of all pairs) used in BEA. Overall, the measures of effect size resulted in a higher percentage of positive agreement with other measures of effect size, in comparison to visual analysis paired with effect size measures. Use of effect size measures also resulted in less equivalency between intervention outcomes within a BEA. These data suggest that using a measure of effect size can be a beneficial component to visual analysis; however, each measure of effect size has its own strengths and limitations and should be used cautiously when interpreting results of a BEA.

Although a number of researchers have attempted to evaluate the variables that affect teacher's acceptability of behavioral interventions, few have examined the influence of treatment effectiveness on teacher decision making. Interestingly, effectiveness information in the form of graphic feedback has been shown to improve treatment integrity, however little has been done to assess the effects of graphic feedback on teacher's ability to accurately recognize behavior change. This study assessed the effects of graphic display and training in visual inspection of graphed data on the ability of teachers to accurately recognize and report changes in student behavior. In addition, the researcher sought to evaluate the effects of the independent variables on participant decisions to continue behavioral interventions. Following baseline, two experimental treatments (graphic display and training in visual inspection plus graphic display) were implemented using a multiple baseline design across teachers. The dependent variables included accurate detection of behavior change and appropriate persistence with intervention choices. Teachers were shown a series of video clips depicting student problem behavior and they were asked to make a determination of behavior change. They were also asked to make decisions as to whether the current intervention should be continued or not based on the video. The results indicated that viewing the graph of student behavior during the graphic display condition improved participant performance on the accuracy measure. Additionally, viewing the graph immediately improved appropriate persistence, although further effects were not observed with the addition of training.