Thesis (M.Sc. (Food and Nutrition for Development))--Mahidol University, 2007.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 25, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-35).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1932. / Typescript. With this is bound: Lathyrism in the rat / by Beatrice J. Geiger, Harry Steenbock, and Helen T. Parsons. Reprinted from Journal of nutrition, vol. VI, no. 5 (Sep. 1933), p. 427-442. Includes bibliographical references.

Iodine is an essential nutrient for thyroid hormone production. Due to inadequate public health measures, mild-moderate iodine deficiency has become a re-emerging problem in many developed countries in the past decades. Insufficient consumption of iodine in pregnancy may lead to brain damage and a lower Intelligence Quotient (IQ) in children in comparison to children of mothers with adequate intake. Recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data have shown that even though the non-pregnant United States (U.S) population has adequate iodine intake, U.S pregnant women are currently mildly iodine deficient, with median urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) being 129 μg/L. In 2004 pregnant women who attended the Boston Medical Center (BMC) Antenatal Clinic were also mildly iodine deficient, with median UIC of 149 μg/L. These values were higher than the NHANES median UIC (129 μg/L) Due to national trends of mild-moderate iodine deficiency among pregnant women, and since in 2011 the American Thyroid Association recommended that prenatal vitamins contain 150 μg of iodine, in this study we aimed to determine if the iodine status among the BMC pregnant women has changed. We also aimed to assess consumption of iodine-containing foods, knowledge regarding iodine nutrition, and frequency of use of iodine-containing prenatal vitamins. We conducted a cross-sectional study targeting 125 women living in the Boston area attending the BMC Antenatal Clinic. To date, 61 women have been enrolled. Participants provided urine samples, and completed questionnaires about their recent food intake and demographic characteristics. The participants’ mean age was 31 ± 6.7 years and their median UIC was 145.5 μg/L (range 17.5 μg/L- 886 μg/L). As expected, UIC was positively associated with iodine supplement intake and recent consumption of iodine-rich foods (milk cheese) (p< 0.0001 for each), although these associations were not significant in multivariate analysis. No associations were observed between UIC and other factors such as age, race, education, use of multivitamins containing iodine in the past 24 hours, and whether health providers discussed iodine nutrition, possibly due to a small sample size. Our results indicated that the iodine status of pregnant women attending B.M.C remained mildly iodine deficient in the past decade despite the recommended measures to increase the iodine content in multivitamins. In our sample, 52.5% of the pregnant women who attended BMC were mildly iodine deficient with median UIC <150 μg/L. Thus half of the pregnant women are at risk of brain damage occurring to their infant. It is important that follow up studies are done to determine the neurodevelopment of these children, as they grow older. Also since the intake of multivitamins containing iodine and consumption of dairy foods was positively associated with higher UIC levels, further measures need to be undertaken to ensure that all prenatal vitamins have 150 μg of iodine, and that pregnant women have higher dairy consumption, in order to increase their iodine intake. As well, larger regional and national studies should be undertaken to better understand current iodine status and sources of iodine among pregnant women.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:23:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_sa_dr_botib.pdf: 801498 bytes, checksum: b3be7a863fd6894761090b9b2ccb9cea (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Este trabalho objetivou determinar o teor de substâncias com poder antioxidante (poliaminas, fenóis, flavonóides, ácido ascórbico, carotenóides, clorofila), além de potencial antioxidante do vegetal (DPPH) e nitrato em vegetais pós-colheita oriundos de cultivo orgânico. Folhas de chicória, polpa de berinjela e frutos de quiabeiro foram adquiridos de produtor orgânico certificado no município de Botucatu/SP. Os vegetais foram lavados, higienizados e armazenados em temperaturas de 25 ± 2°C ou 10 ± 2°C. As coletas foram realizadas em intervalos de três dias. A temperatura de 10 ± 2°C de armazenamento induziu maior longevidade para chicória, berinjela e quiabo. Os teores de poliaminas diferiram entre os vegetais estudados. A temperatura de 10 ± 2 °C não influenciou os níveis de poliaminas. Chicória e quiabo apresentaram teores baixos de nitrato. Os níveis de polifenóis não sofreram grandes alterações com o transcorrer do tempo pós-colheita nos três vegetais analisados, mas houve influência da temperatura principalmente nas antocianinas em berinjela. Aumentos nos teores de vitamina C e carotenóides foram observados em quiabo e chicória durante a pós-colheita / This study aimed to determine the levels of substances presenting antioxidant capacity (polyamines, phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, chlorophyll), as well as the antioxidant potential (DPPH) and the nitrate level in organic plants during the postharvest. Chicory leaves, eggplant fruit pulp and okra fruits were obtained from an organic farmer certified in Botucatu Municipality, São Paulo State, Brazil. The plants were washed, sanitized and stored at 25 ± 2°C or 10 ± 2°C. Harvests were performed at three-day intervals. The storage temperature of 10 ± 2°C induced greater longevity for chicory, eggplant fruit and okra. Polyamine levels differed among the studied plants and were not affected by the temperature of 10 ± 2°C. Chicory and okra had low nitrate levels. Polyphenol levels did not have great changes over the postharvest period for all three analyzed plants but were influenced by the temperature, especially concerning anthocyanins of eggplants. Increased levels of vitamin C and carotenoids were noted for okra and chicory during the postharvest

Previous research has suggested a role for nutrients in several aspects of psychological functioning. Based on this research the present thesis explored the role of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals in cognition, mood and the perception of food. Divided into three sections, the first section of the thesis used qualitative methods to explore factors that affected food choice and the decision to consume a healthy diet (i.e. a diet high in omega-3, vitamins and minerals). In addition, factors that affected supplement use, specifically the factors that affected the use of omega-3 fatty acid, vitamin and mineral supplements were explored. From the data, two models were developed: one depicting factors that influenced food choice and healthy eating, and one depicting factors that influenced supplement use. After the examination of the factors that affected food choice, healthy eating and the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals, the importance of these nutrients in psychological health and cognition was explored in a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Specifically the second section explored the effect of vitamins, minerals, and/or omega-3 fatty acids in mild psychiatric symptoms, stress, aggression, impulsivity, fatigue, hostility, anxiety, confusion, confidence, reaction time, memory and vigilance. A positive response was found to DHA with regard to aggression and response inhibition; in addition there was a trend for those taking only DHA to report feeling more clearheaded the taking of vitamins/minerals alone resulted in feeling more clearheaded. Supplementation with vitamins and minerals was found to significantly reduce stress. With the General Health Questionnaire the difference between the placebo and vitamins/minerals groups approached statistical significance. There was no effect of omega-3, vitamins and minerals of any cognitive domain (memory, reaction time and vigilance). Although it was concluded that on occasions either vitamins/minerals or DHA when tested alone had a positive effect on mood, stress and mild psychiatric symptoms, there was no synergistic interaction; rather on occasions the interaction between these supplements had negative consequences. The third section explored the role of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins and minerals in the perception of food, specifically the effects of enrichment, health claim and gender on three variables involved in consumer behaviour: the perceived healthiness, the desirability of supplementation and the likelihood of purchase of foods. The main findings were that i) health claims increased the perceived healthiness of unhealthy foods; ii) the likelihood of purchase increased mostly after the enrichment of healthy foods (which is consistent with some findings but not others), iii) males were more likely to purchase healthy, high protein products than females. Besides these findings there was no consistent effect of enrichment, health claim or gender on the 3 facets of consumer behaviour, suggesting that the effects on the 3 consumer variables should be considered individually. In addition, when examining the role of gender males and females should be considered separately.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

This diploma thesis deals with the general knowledge of pregnant women about appropriate diet during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge of preconception nutrition, important nutrients during pregnancy, dangerous substances for the developing fetus, gestational diabetes mellitus and also includes general recommendations for pregnant and nursing women. The main objective of the practical part was to verify the respondents' knowledge of appropriate diet during pregnancy and lactation. Next, confirm or refute hypothesis number 1, whether multiparae are more informed about a diet more than the primiparae and hypothesis number 2, how many women were using preconceptual folic acid. An electronic questionnaire was developed to collect data and was distributed through social networks in pregnancy-oriented groups. So the questionnaire could be filled by every pregnant woman in the Czech Republic at any time according to her time. In total 491 questionnaires were processed. The results were entered into a table in Microsoft Excel and then summarized and evaluated in the form of graphs and tables. The results show that the difference in knowledge of primiparae and multiparae of appropriate diet during...

Orientador: Maria Antonia Martins Galeazzi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T09:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schuch_Ilaine_M.pdf: 30705155 bytes, checksum: 3698ad097f5273fefec6b4b665bcdd3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a situação alimentar de uma amostra de famílias da reserva indígena de Guarita no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Utilizou-se a metodologia desenvolvida por Galeazzi para inquérito de consumo familiar de alimentos. Adicionalmente, fez-se um levantamento de dados socioeconômicos, demográficos, da infra-estrutura e do saneamento básico bem como a situação quanto à utilização de políticas da área da alimentação e nutrição em uma amostra de 92 famílias. Após análise descritiva das variáveis, selecionou-se aquelas que melhor poderiam explicar as diferenças entre as famílias com menor ou maior consumo de calorias, utilizando-se para tanto o teste Pearson Chi-Square, sendo que o nível de significância determinado foi de 5%. Os resultados mostram que as famílias são numerosas, formadas majoritariamente por pessoas jovens. A maioria das pessoas ocupadas desenvolvem atividades na agricultura. A Cesta Básica de alimentos não atende as necessidades nutricionais. A atividade agrícola concentra-se nos seguintes produtos: milho, feijão, mandioca e batata-doce. A análise do consumo revelou que a média de calorias consumidas é de 2.115,55. No entanto 30,4% das famílias não atingem 80% do consumo de calorias em relação às necessidades, estando estas em situação de risco nutricional. A contribuição relativa da proteína no consumo calórico total é de 10,6%, sendo esta em maior parte de origem vegetal. Quanto ao consumo de vitaminas e sais minerais, mais de 90% das famílias pesquisadas não atingem 80% de adequação em relação as necessidades de cálcio e vitamina A, sendo também insuficientes para maioria das famílias o consumo de ferro, tiamina, riboflavina, niacina e vitamina C. O consumo de sal teve uma associação significativa com a hipertensão auto-referida (significância ao nível de 1%) / Abstract: This study aimed to characterize the nutritional situation of a sample of households in the Indian reservation of Guarita in the state of Rio Grande do Sul The method was developed by Galeazzi for investigation of household consumption of food. Additionally, it was a survey of socioeconomic data, demographic, infrastructure and sanitation and the state policies on the use of the area of food and nutrition in a sample of 92 families. After descriptive analysis of the variables selected to be those that could better explain the differences between families with lower or higher consumption of calories, using the test for both Pearson Chi-Square, where the level of significance was determined by 5% . The results show that families are numerous, trained mainly by young people. Most people are employed in farming activities. The basic basket of food does not meet the nutritional needs. The agricultural activity is concentrated in the following products: corn, beans, cassava and sweet potatoes. The analysis showed that the average consumption of calories consumed is to 2115.55. However 30.4% of households do not reach 80% of the consumption of calories in relation to needs, these are at nutritional risk. The relative contribution of the protein in total calorie intake is 10.6%, being in most of plant origin. As for the consumption of vitamins and minerals, over 90% of households surveyed did not reach 80% of suitability for the needs of calcium and vitamin A, is also insufficient for most families the consumption of iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C. The consumption of salt has had a significant association with self-reported hypertension (significance at 1%) / Mestrado / Nutrição Aplicada a Tecnologia de Alimentos / Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:51:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O controle da composição dos elementos presentes nos suplementos nutricionais é de grande importância devido ao crescente consumo e a comercialização de diversos tipos e marcas destes produtos. A determinação da quantidade de elementos nos suplementos torna – se necessária para comparar com os valores declarados nos seus rótulos. Neste trabalho, a ativação com nêutrons foi aplicada à análise de 11 amostras de suplementos, adquiridos em farmácias e em lojas de produtos naturais. As amostras, adquiridas nas formas de cápsulas ou comprimidos foram moídas para se obter as na forma de pó homogêneo. As amostras e os padrões sintéticos dos elementos foram irradiados no reator nuclear de pesquisas IEA-R1. Irradiações de 8 h sob um fluxo de nêutrons térmicos de 5x1012 n cm –2 s-1 foram realizadas para a determinação dos elementos Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Se e Zn e para a determinação dos elementos As, Cu, Fe, K, Na as amostras foram irradiadas por 1 h sob fluxo de nêutrons térmicos da ordem de 1x1012 n cm –2 s-1. As medidas das atividades gama induzidas foram realizadas usando um detector de Ge hiperpuro acoplado a um espectrometro de raios gama. Os resultados das quantidades obtidas nas amostras de suplementos foram em geral, concordantes com os valores apresentados nos seus respectivos rótulos. Elementos tóxicos como As, Cd, Hg e Sb não foram detectados em nenhuma das amostras. Para o controle da qualidade dos resultados analíticos com relação à exatidão e precisão foram analisados os materiais certificados de referência NIST 1400 Bone Ash e NIST 1633b Coal Fly Ash ambos da National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Os resultados obtidos nestes materiais de referência apresentaram uma boa precisão e exatidão e os valores de Z score ou diferença padronizada obtidos das análises, foram menores que 2 indicando que os resultados obtidos são satisfatórios e estão dentro da faixa dos valores dos certificados a um nível de confiança de 95%. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP