Par-delà son aspect morphologique, l’accumulation du capital est avant tout une dynamique sociale dans laquelle les configurations que prennent les rapports sociaux jouent un rôle clé. La présente étude a pour but de montrer que dans le contexte particulier d’une économie rentière (type pétrolier, en l’occurrence), la question de la crise du régime rentier d’accumulation peut être appréhendée de façon particulièrement féconde à travers l’analyse de la combinaison des formes institutionnelles considérées comme fondamentales par l’Ecole de la régulation. L’étude se propose, sur la base d’une périodisation des formes institutionnelles, de caractériser successivement dans un premier temps les évolutions qui se sont produites dans les configurations concrètes de chacune des formes institutionnelles qui, ensemble, constituent un mode de régulation. Dans un second temps, il s’agit d’examiner la compatibilité des régulations partielles et leur aptitude à générer et piloter un nouveau régime d’accumulation qui soit en rupture avec le régime rentier. L’étude conclut que, paradoxalement, seule l’implication du politique, et donc de l’Etat, est à même de permettre la définition d’un arrangement institutionnel favorable à l’accomplissement d’une telle rupture. / Beyond its morphological aspect, the capital accumulation is above all a social dynamics in which the configurations that take the social connections play a key role. The objective of the current research study is to show that within a particular context of a rent-oriented economy (oil, in the circumstances), the accumulation issue may be understood in a productive particular way through analyses of the forms of institutional combination, which are considered as fundamental by the Regulation School. Our investigation aims, on the basis of an institutional forms periodization, to characterize successively the evolutions that occurred within concrete configurations of each institutional form, which, together, form a mode of regulation. In a second phase, we examine the compatibility of the partial regulations, and their abilities to generate and command a new accumulation system breaking with the Rent-oriented régime. Our study concludes that, paradoxically, only the politics involvement, so the government, is able to determine an institutional arrangement favorable to accomplish such a break.

This social constructionist study originated from the researcher’s exposure to the counselling volunteers environment. The study aimed to document the voices of three people, constructed as counselling volunteers. The three semi-structured interviews are with individuals who constructed themselves, or accepted the constructions of their role, as volunteers. The “case study approach” was chosen as the most suitable method to gather the information. “Thematic content analysis” was the method of analysis. The case studies of participants were reconstructed in terms of themes. Recurring themes in these case studies were expounded and linked within the literature. This study allowed valuable and rich information about the volunteerism to emerge. Amongst the themes that emerged, the need to help, being a good counsellor and resilience were identified as particularly important areas for future research. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

L’objet de cette étude est de mettre en évidence les traits distinctifs de l’institution que désigne le terme « entrée en vigueur de la loi ». Il s’agit d’un ensemble de règles et de pratiques correspondantes qui permettent aux acteurs du système juridique de déterminer avec précision le moment à compter duquel devient obligatoire toute nouvelle loi. Pour qu’une telle détermination soit possible, le système juridique doit consacrer au moins une règle de droit commun, à savoir une règle qui permet de déterminer, à défaut de disposition contraire, la date d’entrée en vigueur de toute nouvelle loi. La consécration d’une telle règle présuppose l’existence d’un critère qui permet de déterminer avec précision le moment où la procédure d’édiction chaque nouvelle loi est achevée. En droit positif français, ce critère est la promulgation. Pour rendre compte de cette fonction de la promulgation, il importe de distinguer entre deux séries de conditions d’entrée en vigueur : les conditions particulières, dont dépend l’entrée en vigueur des lois d’après les règles du droit positif, et les conditions générales, dont la réunion est nécessaire pour qu’il soit en premier lieu possible de consacrer des règles d’entrée en vigueur. Concernant les conditions particulières, l’étude des règles de droit commun montre que, contrairement à une idée communément admise, la publication n’est pas une condition nécessaire de l’entrée en vigueur des lois. S’agissant des conditions générales, il s’avère que l’institution de l’entrée en vigueur présuppose une conception volontariste de la loi et un haut degré de formalisation de la procédure de son édiction. / This study aims at identifying the distinctive features of what is commonly referred to as “entry into force of statutes”. This term refers to a nexus of rules and practices that enable the agents of a legal system to determine in a precise manner the moment every statute becomes legally binding. For that to be possible, there must be at least one general rule that applies to any statute lacking a commencement clause. The existence of such a rule depends on the presence of a criterion that allows establishing the precise moment every bill becomes an enacted statute. In France, the relevant criterion is the formal act, known as promulgation, by which the Head of State signs a bill into law. In order to fully grasp the function thus performed by the act of promulgation, a distinction must be made between two kinds of conditions that can be said to be necessary for a statute’s entry into force. On the one hand, there are the specific conditions set out by the relevant rules of a legal system. On the other hand, there are some more fundamental conditions that a legal system must necessarily meet in order to provide for a general rule governing the entry into force of its statutes. As regards the conditions set out by the relevant rules of the French legal system, it turns out that, contrary to a commonly held idea, the rules in question do not make prior publication a necessary condition for the entry into force of statutes. As regards the aforementioned necessary conditions, it appears that the relevant rules and practices presuppose a voluntarist conception of law and, subsequently, a high level of formalism in the procedure followed for the enactment of statutes.

Depuis le début des années quatre-vingt, l’économie algérienne a connu un vaste mouvement de restructurations et de réformes. Curieusement, après plus de deux décennies de mise en œuvre de mesures censées ajuster l’économie du pays en la soumettant aux règles de concurrence et de rentabilité, la réalité des performances économiques algériennes demeurent pratiquement inchangée. En effet, mis à part le rétablissement des équilibres macro financiers grâce à l’augmentation des prix internationaux du pétrole, l’économie algérienne demeure loin des dynamiques d’accumulation. Visiblement, ni les contraintes internes, ni les conditionnalités du FMI et ses recommandations, n’ont résisté à la « réalité algérienne ». La présente thèse, qui se veut une contribution à la définition des conditions de succès de la transition économique vers le marché à la lumière de l’expérience algérienne des réformes, pose dans toutes ses dimensions la question des obstacles aux réformes dans les périodes de transition. L’analyse du système politique, de ses contraintes et ses contradictions est le point de départ de toute réflexion sur les problématiques des transitions. Le poids du passé, et son influence déterminante sur le déroulement du passage d’une organisation économique à une autre est, quant à lui, un facteur que nous questionnerons dans cette perspective. / Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Algerian economy has undergone a vast programme of restructuring and reform. Curiously, after three decades of implementing measures designed to bring the economy in line with the rules of competition and profitability, the reality of Algerian economic performance has changed very little. In fact, apart from the recovery of the macrofinancial balance, due to rising international oil prices, the Algerian economy is far from the dynamics of capital accumulation. Clearly, neither internal constraints nor the conditions or recommendations of the IMF have been able to fight against the current of ‘Algerian reality’. In this thesis, I aim to define the conditions for a successful transition to a market economy based on the Algerian experience of reform. I will also consider obstacles to reform in periods of transition. My starting point for reflection on the question of transition will be an analysis of the political system, its constraints and contradictions. My purpose is also to examine the importance of Algeria’s past in terms of its determining influence on the transition from one economic system to another.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:35:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos_Alberto_Martins.pdf: 714359 bytes, checksum: 08b7973c087f581efc234d5addb20ef3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-28 / The present work had as focus the evaluation of economical-financial performance of the entities belonging to the denominated Non Profit Sector, more specifically of the entities of social welfare and the need of having believable information based on an accounting system structured to sustain this evaluation, where factor as the voluntary work and the gratuitous social benefit should be treated as integral elements of the accounting bookkeeping as source of information for the administration of the entities. This dissertation is based on a study of case of an entity of social welfare, headquartered in the area of Great S??o Paulo. With base in the relative operational information to the exercises of 2004 and 2005, was measured and it was studied the economical-financial influence of the mentioned factors, in the operational structure of the entity and the need of a reliable control of the same ones in order to evidence the value transferred to the society, value this that doesn't suffer control and, so a little, disclorure, in the demonstrative ones accounting-financial. The studied problem treated of the need of a more effective control, for administration ends, of factors no documented in the way as foresees the Brazilian legislation, in order to evidence the effectiveness of the activities of an entity of social welfare. The obtained results indicate that the vision economical, financial and managerial of these entities would become more evident and interesting as social result to the investors and holders of resources destined to the welfare, what will take the a perfected revision of the control and disclosure of these factors with the creation of techniques of specific evaluation for this sector. / O presente trabalho teve como foco a avalia????o de desempenho econ??mico-financeiro das entidades pertencentes ao denominado Terceiro Setor, mais especificamente das entidades de assist??ncia social e a necessidade de se ter informa????es cr??veis baseadas em um sistema de contabiliza????o estruturado para sustentar esta avalia????o, onde fatores como o trabalho volunt??rio e as a????es gratuitas devem ser tratados como elementos integrantes da escritura????o cont??bil e como fonte de informa????es para a gest??o das entidades. Esta disserta????o est?? baseada em um estudo de caso de uma entidade de assist??ncia social, sediada na regi??o da Grande S??o Paulo. Com base nas informa????es operacionais relativas aos exerc??cios de 2004 e 2005, mensurou-se e estudou-se a influ??ncia econ??mico-financeira dos fatores citados, na estrutura operacional da entidade e a necessidade de um controle confi??vel dos mesmos a fim de evidenciar o valor transferido ?? sociedade, valor este que n??o sofre controle e, t??o pouco, evidencia????o nos demonstrativos cont??bil-financeiros. O problema estudado tratou da necessidade de um controle mais eficaz, para fins de gest??o, de fatores n??o documentados da maneira como prev?? a legisla????o brasileira, a fim de evidenciar a efic??cia das atividades de uma entidade de assist??ncia social. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a vis??o econ??mica, financeira e gerencial destas entidades tornar-se-iam mais claras e interessantes como resultado social aos investidores e detentores de recursos destinados ?? assist??ncia, o que levaria a uma revis??o mais acurada do controle e evidencia????o destes fatores com a cria????o de t??cnicas de avalia????o espec??fica para este setor.

An increasingly popular way for global citizens to contribute to communities around the world is through international volunteering. In tandem with this growing trend, academic research in the field has increased to explore the goals, motivations, and impacts of international service on volunteers, host communities, and volunteer-sending organizations. One of the larger gaps in our understanding of global civic engagement though is the specifics of how and why, as well as the overall impact of international service on, host organizations that seek and/or accept international volunteers. Using an exploratory research design to collect and analyze survey data and open-ended email inquiry responses from almost 250 organizational representatives in 50+ countries, this dissertation expands the breadth and depth of knowledge on the relationship between host organizations and international volunteers. Findings include a broad and varied range of potential motivations for hosting international volunteers, from direct benefits to the host organization like leveraging organizational capacity to benefits extended to the broader community and volunteers themselves such as providing opportunities for cross-cultural interaction. In addition, host organization characteristics and opinions were compared between two global regions - Africa and Asia - and statistically significant relationships identified between characteristics and opinions of host organizations and their reported satisfaction with international volunteers. This study contributes new data on and from organizations that host international volunteers. Research findings also support and expand the field's understanding of international volunteer engagement as it relates specifically to organizational capacity and social capital theory.

This study investigates the relationship between media and democracy with a particular focus on Australian community broadcasting. I put forward the thesis that the value and purpose of community broadcasting are located in its community development function, rather than in its ability to transmit alternative information. This suggests that an analysis should emphasise community rather than media. Community development promotes the empowerment of ordinary people so that they can confidently participate in management and decision-making - that is, the procedures and norms that underpin democratic practices. In the case of community media, the relationship between democracy and media is located primarily in its volunteers. To understand this relationship, I link together concepts of the public sphere and social capital. The public sphere is understood as multiple and diverse and linked to other publics via the web of relationships forged among people with shared interests and norms. I argue that a community public sphere should be understood as a cultural resource and managed as a common property. The public sphere is thus conceived to have a more or less porous boundary that serves to regulate membership. Understood as a bounded domain, the public sphere can be analysed in terms of its ideological structure, its management practices and its alliances with other publics. This approach also allows for a comparison with other similar public spheres. The study identifies two main ideological constellations that have shaped the development of Australian community broadcasting - professionalism and community development, with the former gaining prominence as the sector expands into rural and regional communities. The ascendancy of professional and quasi-commercial practices is of concern as it can undermine the community development potential of community broadcasting, a function that appears to be little understood and one which has attracted little research. The study presents a case study of three regional and remote rural community radio stations and compares them from a social capital perspective. Social capital is a framework for understanding the relationship between the individual and the community and explores this relationship in terms of participation in networks, reciprocal benefits among groups and individuals and the nature of active participation. Demographic and organisational structures of the three stations are also compared. By taking this approach, each station's capacity for community development and empowerment is addressed. The results of the fieldwork reveal that the success of a community radio station is related to 'community spirit' and demographic structure. They reveal that the community radio station in the smallest community with the lowest per capita income was best able to meet the needs of its community and its volunteers.

Based on analyzing the macro and micro factors in Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy, this thesis proposes the frame work of ¡§state corporatism¡¨ to explain Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy. Since 1959 Singapore be independent from Britain, Lee Kuan Yew had led the PAP government in an authoritarian style and promoted a paternal social welfare. The core ideas of Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy, voluntarism and communitarianism, strongly related to the personal ideology of Lee Kuan Yew and the confucian society in Singapore. In the macro background of nation¡¦s level, we can divide the society into the subgroups as ethnic groups, opposition parties, class groups and voluntary welfare organizations (VWOs). These four groups worked through the four phrases in Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy : pre-corporatism period, exclusive corporatism period, inclusive corporatism period and extrinsic corporatism period. The whole presentation of Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy can be observed from their negotiation, interaction and bargaining with the government. This thesis conludes that the strategy of Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy is ¡§using greater quantity and quality of voluntarianism to fill up the retreat of state¡¨. Therefore in the history of Singapore¡¦s social welfare policy, when comparing to the other social groups, the extent of VWOs corporating with the government was much greater than the others and their influential power in social welfare policy during these four periods turned from weak to moderate, and strong eventually.

The purpose of this exploratory, mixed method study was to examine factors in students‟ university experiences that affected their future alumni engagement with their university. A web-based survey instrument was administered to 1,139 University of Lethbridge bachelor‟s degree holders who graduated during the University‟s first 40 years (1967 to 2007). Results indicate that the foundation for alumni engagement is set early in the student experience and is particularly affected by the nature of the relationships the student has with the institution. Alumni who were engaged as students were more likely to become engaged alumni through volunteer or donor activity. The higher alumni rated their satisfaction with factors present in their student experience and alumni relationship, the higher the likelihood that they stayed connected with and demonstrated their commitment to their alma mater. Recommendations for further research and for designing student and alumni engagement strategies are provided. / xiv, 195 leaves ; 29 cm

Syftet med studien har varit att förstå hur företrädare för idéburna organisationer med social inriktning inom äldreomsorg ser på sin egen, organisationens och civilsamhällets roll som serviceproducent av offentligt finansierad välfärd. För att uppnå syftet har semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförts med sex företrädare på ledande nivå inom idéburna organisationer med skiftande storlek och geografisk spridning. Lundquists förbindelseteori har delvis använts som en teoretisk utgångspunkt i analysen. De har i Lundquists termer gett uttryck för ett aktörskap som vi har försökt förstå genom att sätta det i relation till de strukturer företrädarna verkar inom och är beroende av. Resultatet från intervjuerna visar generellt på att de två lagrum som styr villkoren för driften av äldreomsorg på entreprenad och i egen regi, lagen om valfrihetsysten respektive lagen om offentlig upphandling ger kommunerna stora friheter i tillämpningen. Det gör att förutsättningar att bedriva äldreomsorg varierar stort vilket skapar osäkerhet och kan hämma de idéburna att ta en större roll. Organisationerna anpassar sig på olika sätt till förutsättningarna. De större aktörerna använder sina resurser för att skapa sig ett handlingsutrymme. Det görs genom att eftersträva en större kontroll av hela vård- och omsorgskedjan tack vare en mer omfattande administration och fler servicefunktioner inom den egna verksamheten. Möjligheten att involvera frivilliga inom äldreomsorgen ger dock i det närmaste ett obefintligt tillskott, speciellt i termer av någon ekonomisk vinning. Riksorganisationen för idéburen vård och omsorg, Famna, har en central roll och är en samlande kraft för de flesta av de intervjuade organisationerna när det gäller påverkan och opinionsbildning på nationell nivå, inte minst genom sina remissvar till olika departement. De har även en viktig uppgift i att ta fram utbildningar till medlemmarna och driva gemensamma nationella utvecklingsprojekt. En sammanfattande slutsats är att villkoren för organisationerna är komplex och beror främst på de lokala förutsättningarna där de ekonomiska ramarna sätter tydliga gränser för möjligheten att ta en större roll som utförare av äldreomsorg. / The purpose of this study has been to understand how representatives of non-government organisations active in the care for the elderly view their own, the organisation’s and civil society’s role as service providers of publicly funded care. To achieve this objective, semi-structured interviews have been performed with six representatives in leading roles within non-government organisations of varying size and locations. Lundquist’s theory of stakeholders and structures have in part been used as a starting point for the analysis. This has, in Lundquist’s terms, given voice to a stakeholdership which we have tried to understand by relating it to the structures within which the representatives work and are dependent on. The result of the interviews give a general picture of one of the two laws that control the conditions for the management of municipal as well as outsourced care for the elderly; the law of freedom of choice and the law of public procurement, which give the councils great scope for adaptation. This means the prerequisites for managing care for the elderly vary greatly which creates uncertainty and may hamper the non-government organisations to take on a bigger role. Organisations adapt in different ways to these prerequisites. The bigger stakeholders use their resources to create space to work. This is done by striving for a stronger control of the entire chain of care thanks to a more extensive administration and more service functions without their own management. The possibility of involving volunteers in the care for the elderly, however, gives a practically non-existent addition, especially in terms of financial gain. The national organisation for non-government care, Famna, holds a central role and is a uniting force for most of the organisations interviewed when it comes to advocacy and opinion forming on the national level, not least through its comment letters to different departments. They also have an important role in creating training programmes for their members and run joint national development projects. To summarise, our conclusion is that the conditions for the organisations are complex and depend primarily on the local prerequities where the financial framework sets clear boundaries to the possibility of taking on a more extensive role as providers of care for the elderly.