Magnetic vortices are fundamental topologically protected magnetic structures which have evolved into a large and intense field of research and hold promise for future technological applications. The fundamental frequency of the magnetic vortex in a disk is directly proportional to the magnitude of the local saturation magnetization and individual sample design resulting in a single vortex precession frequency. Commercial applications like RF oscillators in wireless transmitters and receivers, however, require tuning of the output frequency by external parameters, such as applied fields or spin-polarized currents. It is shown here that the limited tunability of a magnetic vortex in a permalloy disk can be lifted when submitted to local chromium ion implantation by introducing areas in the disk with different saturation magnetization. A static magnetic field is applied to displace the vortex core between these two regions to enable detection of different frequencies corresponding to the respective regions. This realization of multiple resonance frequencies in one and the same magnetic disk is shown experimentally via electrical detection exploiting anisotropic magnetoresistance effects and the results are supported by micromagnetic simulations. In the experiments presented here, the gyrotropic mode is excited at resonance with spin-polarized alternating currents. Systematic investigations (in terms of excitation amplitude, external static field amplitude, angle between static field and current) on the disks without chromium ion implantation clearly indicate that the vortex core is driven by a combination of Oersted field and spin-torque. These measurements also help to identify the linear and non-linear regions of vortex dynamics electrically on single disks. The results shown in this work pave the way for enabling highly tuneable wireless transmitters and receivers based on magnetic vortex structures.

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Le contrôle des tourbillons de sillages d'aéronefs permet de réduire leur dangerosité et d'augmenter par conséquent le débit de décollages et d'atterrissages dans les aéroports. Ce contrôle permettrait également d'agir sur la formation des rainées de condensation et des cirrus artificiels en haute atmosphère dans le but de réduire le forçage radiatif terrestre causé par l'aviation. Brion (2014) ont montré par analyse de stabilité modale que le dipôle de Lamb-Chaplygin, souvent utilisé comme un modèle représentatif des tourbillons de sillage en champ lointain, est bidimensionnellement instable à des nombres de Reynolds faibles. Nous étendons premièrement cette analyse de stabilité modale bidimensionnelle à des modèles de dipôles plus réalistes, pour une large gamme de rapport d'aspect, et obtenons, à faibles nombre de Reynolds, des instabilités de même nature (modes de déplacement) que pour le dipôle de Lamb-Chaplygin. Nous montrons cependant que la croissance des instabilités observées dépend fortement du rapport d'aspect du dipôle, et que cette croissance est fortement diminuée lorsque la diffusion du dipôle est prise en compte. Nous étudions ensuite la stabilité bidimensionnelle transitoire en champ lointain (dipôles) et en champ proche (nappes de vorticité), en atmosphères homogène et stratifiée. Dans tous les cas, les perturbations optimales sont des spirales de vorticité orientées à contre-cisaillement et situées en périphérie des tourbillons, qui conduisent in fine aux instabilités écrites par l'analyse modale grâce à un mécanisme de contamination du cœur des tourbillons, initialement identifié par Antkowiak & Brancher 2004 sur un tourbillon isolé. / Aircraft wake vortex control allows for reducing of their dangerousness and consequently improve airport take-off / landing requencies. Contrails and artificial cirrus clouds formation could also be influenced through this control of wake vortices and allow for reducing of terrestrial radiative forcing generated by aviation. Brion (2014) have shown by a modal stability analysis that the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole, often used as a far-field model for aircraft wake vortices, is unstable to two-dimensional perturbations at Iow Reynolds numbers. We first extend this twodimensional modal stability analysis to more realistic dipole models, for a Wide range of aspect ratios, and obtain, for Iow Reynolds numbers, instabilities of the same nature (displacement modes) as for the Lamb-Chaplygin dipole. However, we show that the growth of those modes depends greatly on the dipole aspect ratio, and that this growth is greatly diminished hen the dipole diffusion is taken into account. We then study two-dimensional transient growth for far-field models (dipoles) and near-field models (vorticity sheets), in homogeneous and stratified atmospheres. ln all cases, optimal perturbations are vorticity spirals oriented against shear and located at the periphery of the vortices, which eventually lead to development of the instabilities described in the modal analysis through a contamination mechanism of the vortex cores, initially identified by Antkowiak & Brancher (2004) for an isolated vortex.

This thesis deals with computing the pressure distribution around a swimming slender fish and the thrust generated by its flapping motion. The body of the fish is modeled as a missile like slender body to which a tail is attached that is modeled as a swept wing. The tail is attached to the tip of the slender body and maintains its slope with it. The motion for the swimming fish is prescribed. The fluid flow is modeled as an unsteady potential flow problem with the flow around the slender body modeled as flow over an array of cylinders of varying radii and the flow over the swept wing modeled using the vortex panel method. The pressure distribution is computed using the unsteady Bernoulli equation. The overall thrust & drag for different parameters are studied and compared