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Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are still relevant today in most modernweb applications. Some studies have compared the performance of RepresentationState Transfer (REST) and GraphQL in order to assess scenarios in which one out-performs the other. However, there is a lack of comparative studies exploring thescenarios of different programming languages. In this study/thesis, we focused onNode.js and Python, which are widely utilized by developers, due to their popular-ity. We aimed to fill this research gap by examining and comparing the scenariosof these two languages. We also considered comparing performance-centric frame-works like Fastify and FastAPI and traditional/feature-rich frameworks like Expressand Flask. Two applications were built for each framework comparing their perfor-mance in terms of response time, throughput and server-side resources. These weretested with JMeter and a custom middleware. Results show that GraphQL outper-forms REST in most scenarios. The environment that performed the best was Fastifywith GraphQL sacrificing CPU Usage.

This thesis aims to clarify the use of Excel for capacity planning, how an excel-based capacityplanning tool works, and to present a way to implement a web system suitable for ad-hoc capacity and release planning. Capacity design is a critical part of flexible software development teams. Excel spreadsheets are flexible but not ideal for large organizations where many users have access to and can change planning concurrently. The existing tool received low ratings in terms of helpfulness, robustness to the inappropriate user, universality, flexibility, and aesthetics but performed quite well in clarity, consistency, memorability, overall efficiency, and third-party safety. The tool had some additional benefits, including calculating team capacity, preventing overplanning of individual development teams, and the ability to register the outcome of past planning periods. We implemented a web system based on Blazor Web to support the tasks provided by the existing tool, including capacity planning and release planning. The web system also supported role-based authorization. This web system was evaluated in a usability survey and maintained most of the provided functionality of the existing tool while avoiding some of the tool’s usability-related problems.

This report is about implementing Graphical User Interface for the CatFish website. The CatFish project is iterative research on water pollution where samples from water bodies aremonitored and collected using three different vehicles. The authors of this report, the frontend team, have created a website that aims to represent collected data from the vehicles in the form of diagrams and charts. It also shows live video streaming and gives the CatFish team the ability to control the vehicles remotely. Our results have shown that the website is functional, user-friendly, and ready to be hosted and used. / Den här rapporten handlar om att implementera grafiskt användargränssnitt för CatFish-webbplatsen. CatFish-projektet är iterativ forskning om vattenföroreningar där prover frånvattenförekomster övervakas och samlas in med tre olika fordon. Författarna till denna rapport, frontend-teamet, har skapat en webbplats som syftar till att representera insamlade data från fordonen i form av olika typer av diagram, visa live-videoströmning och ge CatFish-teametmöjligheten att fjärrstyra fordonen. Våra resultat har visat att webbplatsen är funktionell, användarvänlig och redo att hostas och användas.

WebAssembly is an instruction set designed for a stack based virtual machine, with an emphasis on speed, portability and security. As the use cases for WebAssembly grow, so does the desire to target WebAssembly in compilation. In this thesis we present Rasm, a Racket to WebAssembly compiler that compiles a select subset of the top forms of the Racket programming language to WebAssembly. We also present our early findings in our work towards adding a WebAssembly backend to the Chez Scheme compiler that is the backend of Racket. We address initial concerns and roadblocks in adopting a WebAssembly backend and propose potential solutions and patterns to address these concerns. Our work is the first serious effort to compile Racket to WebAssembly, and we believe it will serve as a good aid in future efforts of compiling high-level languages to WebAssembly.

In manufacturing, requirements are an essential aspect of the development process. A requirements view provides a perspective on how requirements are incorporated into the design and architecture of a system. Requirements documents for different product versions at a company like Alstom contain operational scenarios and Given-When-Then requirements, a specific format for expressing functional requirements. Operational scenarios are examples of how the product will be used in real-world situations, and they can also be useful for identifying and specifying functional and nonfunctional requirements. Currently, operational scenarios are manually linked to Given-When-Then requirements. This thesis presents a conceptual design that streamlines the requirements engineering process and allows for easier linking operational scenarios to Given-When-Then requirements.

The Web has come a long way. It started as a distributed document repository and quickly became the spring board for a new type of application. Propped on top of the original HTML+HTTP architecture, this new application platform shifted the way the architecture was used so that commands and functionality were embedded in the form data of Web requests rather than in the HTTP command conveying the request. This approach enabled Web requests to convey any type of data, not just document operations. This is occurring because the Web provides such a powerful platform on which to create applications. This is occurring because web development methods are still evolving toward the structure and stability required taking on this enormous new role. As the needs of developers change, certain themes that arise more frequently than others become embedded into new environments to support those needs. Until recently, Web application programming has largely been done with a set of keywords and metaphors developed long before the Web became a popular place to program. APIs have been developed to support Web specific features, but they are no replacement for fundamental changes in the programming environment itself. The growth of Web applications requires a new type of programming designed specifically for the needs of the Web. This thesis aims to contribute towards the development of an abstract framework to generate abstract and dynamic Web user interfaces that are not developed to a specific platform. To meet this aim, this thesis suggests a general implementation of a prototype system that uses the information in database metadata in conjunction with PHP. Database metadata is richer in providing the information needed to build dynamic user interfaces. This thesis uses PHP and the abstract library ADOdb to provide us with a generalised database metadata based prototype. PHP does not have any restrictions on accessing and extracting database metadata from numerous database management systems. As a result, PHP and relational database were used to build the proposed framework. Additionally, ADOdb was used to link the two mentioned technologies. The implemented framework in this thesis demonstrates that it is possible to generate different automatic Web entry forms that are not specific at any platform.

Can a tool effectively aid user experience (UX) and user interface (UI) designers, along with frontend developers, in implementing more energy efficient websites? The foundation for formulating the thesis questions and identifying the issue was laid through an exploration of related work. This study aims to present the development of a tool encompassing recommendations and practices from existing research, providing valuable support for designers and developers.  Several methods, namely six, were established to better define and concretise the problems. The idea phase continued exploring potential solution both through looking at similar solutions as well as doing workshops together with potential users. In this phase the guidelines, now named SCOPES - System Conscious of Potential Energy Saving, started taking shape. The prototype was designed to assist web designers and developers in reducing energy consumption during website development. The study and especially the test phase found that guidelines empowered web designers to create energy efficient web pages, and users accept lower energy pages when aware of their efficiency, given that essential functionalities are retained.  The results of this thesis, supported by a total of 16 methods and 64 users with various backgrounds, ethnicities, and genders, emphasize the importance of addressing the challenges, posed by our energy-demanding society, pointing to potential pathways for a more sustainable and efficient future.

This study explores the optimization of user experience (UX) and website goals through arelatively small-scale test with 10 participants. The research focuses on evaluating theimplementation of a new website prototype for Hype Energy Drinks, with an aim to improvehealth orientation and UX, specifically when communicating the product sections for isotonicdrinks and protein products. The study highlights the significance of meticulous website design,structure, and adherence to UX principles, such as usability, accessibility, consistency, and usercentered design. The findings demonstrate that the new website significantly enhances the user experience,particularly in conveying health-oriented product information. Improved structure and layoutcontribute to improved usability and effective communication of health-related products. However, both the old and new sites were perceived as having a sporty rather than a healthoriented look. The study also reveals the complexity of implementing animations and emphasizes theimportance of carefully considering the role and impact of animations in website design,particularly in facilitating clear and efficient communication of product information. Thefindings contribute to a better understanding of how website design and UX principles caneffectively communicate health-related products, while also highlighting areas for improvementand future research.

The concept of brand nowadays goes beyond the simple logo printed or displayed on a product or service. Branding is an important element for companies, and the communication channels used to deliver brand messages play a fundamental role. The advancement and innovation in web technologies made web communication artefacts crucial channels for companies and a key aspect of these artefacts is their usability. In this project a re-design process has been carried on the “Iliad Italia S.p.A.” corporate website from scratch, introducing innovative approaches such as user-centered design and value-based design. The developed website has been then used to perform an innovative comparative study aiming of verifying whether or not web usability affects brand perception. Adopting two different innovative procedures, brand perception has been measured on test subjects after using the old website and the new one. Analyzing the gathered data, a visible correlation has been found between usability and brand perception, indeed, using a website with higher usability resulted in a higher brand perception and the usage of a website with lower usability resulted in a decrease in brand perception in test subjects. The project introduced innovative research tools and procedures in a real case scenario, illustrating how they can be adopted in the development of web-communication artefact in companies, moving web development and marketing a step closer each other. / Il concetto di brand oggi va oltre il semplice logo stampato o esposto su un prodotto o servizio. Il branding è un elemento importante per le aziende, e i canali di comunicazione utilizzati per veicolare i messaggi del brand giocano un ruolo fondamentale. Il progresso e l'innovazione nelle tecnologie web hanno reso gli artefatti di comunicazione web cruciali per le aziende, e un aspetto chiave di questi artefatti è la loro usabilità. In questo progetto è stato portato avanti un processo di re-design del sito web aziendale di "Iliad Italia S.p.A." partendo da zero, introducendo approcci innovativi come lo user-centered design e il value-based design. Il sito web sviluppato è stato poi utilizzato per effettuare uno studio comparativo innovativo volto a verificare se l'usabilità di un sito web influisce o meno sulla percezione del brand negli utenti. Adottando due diverse procedure innovative, è stata misurata la percezione del brand successivamente all'uso del vecchio e del nuovo sito web. Analizzando i dati raccolti, è stata trovata una visibile correlazione tra usabilità e percezione del brand, infatti, l'utilizzo di un sito web con una maggiore usabilità ha portato a una maggiore percezione del brand e l'utilizzo di un sito web con una minore usabilità ha portato a una diminuzione della percezione del brand nei soggetti del test. Il progetto ha introdotto strumenti di ricerca e procedure innovative in uno scenario di uso reale, illustrando come questi strumenti e procedure possono essere adottate nello sviluppo di artefatti di comunicazione web nelle aziende, avvicinando lo sviluppo web al marketing. / Begreppet märke går idag utöver den enkla logotypen som skrivs ut eller visas på en produkt eller tjänst. Varumärke är ett viktigt inslag för företag, och kommunikationskanalerna som används för att leverera varumärkesmeddelanden spelar en grundläggande roll. Utvecklingen och innovationen inom webbteknologier gjorde att webbkommunikationsföremål är viktiga kanaler för företag och en viktig aspekt av dessa föremål är deras användbarhet. I detta projekt har en ny designprocess genomförts på "Iliad Italia S.p.A." företagets webbplats från grunden och introducerar innovativa metoder som användarcentrerad design och värdebaserad design. Den utvecklade webbplatsen har sedan använts för att utföra en innovativ jämförande studie som syftar till att verifiera om webbanvändbarhet påverkar varumärkesuppfattningen eller inte. Antagande av två olika innovativa förfaranden, varumärkesuppfattning efter användningen av den gamla och nya webbplatsen har mäts på testämnen. Genom att analysera de samlade uppgifterna har en synlig korrelation hittats mellan användbarhet och varumärkesuppfattning. Att använda en webbplats med högre användbarhet resulterade faktiskt i en högre varumärkesuppfattning och användningen av en webbplats med lägre användbarhet resulterade i en minskning av varumärkesuppfattningen i testpersoner. Projektet introducerade innovativa forskningsverktyg och förfaranden i ett verkligt fallsscenario, som illustrerar hur de kan användas för att utveckla webbkommunikationsartiklar i företag, flytta webbutveckling och marknadsföring ett steg närmare.