A jurisdição internacional expande-se com a criação, a partir da segunda metade do século XX, de um grande número de entes jurisdicionais internacionais. Tais entes são usualmente criados com especialização em determinado segmento do direito internacional, o que de certa forma fragmenta a unidade do direito internacional. Paralelamente, o incremento na freqüência de casos processados perante os diversos tribunais internacionais multiplica a ocorrência de hipóteses em que a atuação de uma das cortes interfere na atuação das demais. Ainda não se criaram regras capazes de minimizar esta sobreposição de atuações. No campo mais restrito das jurisdições afetas ao comércio internacional, o problema de certa forma se repete. Atuam nesta área, sobretudo, o sistema de solução de controvérsias da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), os diversos sistemas de solução de controvérsias dos diversos acordos regionais de integração (como é o caso do MERCOSUL), além dos próprios judiciários nacionais. Há vários episódios em que decisões judiciais nacionais geraram repercussões em litígios regionais e em litígios perante o sistema de solução de controvérsias da OMC. O mesmo ocorre na via inversa, ou seja, também há casos em que as decisões proferidas na OMC e nos sistemas regionais interferem na esfera nacional. De qualquer sorte, em função da capacidade da OMC fixar os principais parâmetros que hoje pautam o comércio internacional, o relacionamento entre os três diferentes níveis jurisdicionais OMC, regional e nacional acaba apresentando-se, concretamente, mais hierarquizado quando comparado aos demais segmentos da jurisdição internacional. Os litígios acerca do regime brasileiro de importação de pneus usados e reformados são representativos dos dilemas hoje existentes no relacionamento entre os diversos níveis de jurisdição e o desfecho dos casos, até o presente momento, aponta uma certa tentativa de adequação, por parte do judiciário brasileiro, de suas decisões aos entendimentos e recomendações advindos das esferas internacionais. / The international jurisdiction expands with the creation, from the second half of the twentieth century, of a large number of international judicial entities. Such entities are usually designed with specialization in a particular segment of international law, that somehow breaks the its unity. In parallel, the increase in the frequency of cases prosecuted before the various tribunals multiplies the occurrence in which the performance of one of the courts interferes in the actions of others. There are not yet rules to minimize this overlap. In the more restricted field of jurisdictions concerned with international trade, the problem repeats itself somehow. The adjudication in this area is especially offered by the WTO dispute settlement system, the correlates regional systems of dispute settlement (such as MERCOSUR), and the national judiciaries. There are several episodes in which national judgments echoed in regional disputes and in disputes before the dispute settlement system of WTO. The same occurs in the reverse path, ie, there are also cases in which decisions taken in the WTO and in regional systems interfered in the national sphere. Anyhow, in the capacity of the WTO to set the main parameters that guided international trade today, the relationship between the three different jurisdictional levels - WTO, regional and national - just show up more hierarchical when compared to other segments of international jurisdiction. Disputes about the Brazilian import regime for used and retreaded tires are representative of the dilemmas that exist today in the relationship between different levels of jurisdiction and the outcome of cases to date, indicates a certain attempt of adaptation, by the Brazilian judiciary, of its decisions to the understandings and recommendations of international spheres.

A jurisdição internacional expande-se com a criação, a partir da segunda metade do século XX, de um grande número de entes jurisdicionais internacionais. Tais entes são usualmente criados com especialização em determinado segmento do direito internacional, o que de certa forma fragmenta a unidade do direito internacional. Paralelamente, o incremento na freqüência de casos processados perante os diversos tribunais internacionais multiplica a ocorrência de hipóteses em que a atuação de uma das cortes interfere na atuação das demais. Ainda não se criaram regras capazes de minimizar esta sobreposição de atuações. No campo mais restrito das jurisdições afetas ao comércio internacional, o problema de certa forma se repete. Atuam nesta área, sobretudo, o sistema de solução de controvérsias da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC), os diversos sistemas de solução de controvérsias dos diversos acordos regionais de integração (como é o caso do MERCOSUL), além dos próprios judiciários nacionais. Há vários episódios em que decisões judiciais nacionais geraram repercussões em litígios regionais e em litígios perante o sistema de solução de controvérsias da OMC. O mesmo ocorre na via inversa, ou seja, também há casos em que as decisões proferidas na OMC e nos sistemas regionais interferem na esfera nacional. De qualquer sorte, em função da capacidade da OMC fixar os principais parâmetros que hoje pautam o comércio internacional, o relacionamento entre os três diferentes níveis jurisdicionais OMC, regional e nacional acaba apresentando-se, concretamente, mais hierarquizado quando comparado aos demais segmentos da jurisdição internacional. Os litígios acerca do regime brasileiro de importação de pneus usados e reformados são representativos dos dilemas hoje existentes no relacionamento entre os diversos níveis de jurisdição e o desfecho dos casos, até o presente momento, aponta uma certa tentativa de adequação, por parte do judiciário brasileiro, de suas decisões aos entendimentos e recomendações advindos das esferas internacionais. / The international jurisdiction expands with the creation, from the second half of the twentieth century, of a large number of international judicial entities. Such entities are usually designed with specialization in a particular segment of international law, that somehow breaks the its unity. In parallel, the increase in the frequency of cases prosecuted before the various tribunals multiplies the occurrence in which the performance of one of the courts interferes in the actions of others. There are not yet rules to minimize this overlap. In the more restricted field of jurisdictions concerned with international trade, the problem repeats itself somehow. The adjudication in this area is especially offered by the WTO dispute settlement system, the correlates regional systems of dispute settlement (such as MERCOSUR), and the national judiciaries. There are several episodes in which national judgments echoed in regional disputes and in disputes before the dispute settlement system of WTO. The same occurs in the reverse path, ie, there are also cases in which decisions taken in the WTO and in regional systems interfered in the national sphere. Anyhow, in the capacity of the WTO to set the main parameters that guided international trade today, the relationship between the three different jurisdictional levels - WTO, regional and national - just show up more hierarchical when compared to other segments of international jurisdiction. Disputes about the Brazilian import regime for used and retreaded tires are representative of the dilemmas that exist today in the relationship between different levels of jurisdiction and the outcome of cases to date, indicates a certain attempt of adaptation, by the Brazilian judiciary, of its decisions to the understandings and recommendations of international spheres.

Práce se věnuje vztahu mnohostranného obchodního systému a společné obchodní politiky a tomu, jak se navzájem ovlivňují. Tento vztah analyzuje na základě rozboru institucionálního fungování obou systémů, postavení Evropské unie v mezinárodní ekonomice a především na základě analýzy průběhu vyjednávání v rámci posledního kola jednání WTO z Dohá s důrazem na klíčová témata.

China is without any doubt one of the hot topics of today`s world and it is going to stay so in the foreseeable future as well. The European Union is aware of that as all other major players in the world are. They look at China in both awe and fear. Whether the fear is justified or not, is another question. China`s WTO entry was a clear signal for its trading partners that the reforms will go on and that China is going to follow its principals. The year 2006 marked the fifth year of China`s accessions to the WTO. By that time, China became, the world`s fourth-largest economy, the world`s third-largest trading nation after the U.S. and Germany, one of the most popular destinations for foreign direct investment, a major global manufacturing center and, along with the U.S. economy, one of the world`s greatest, if not the greatest, engines of economic growth.

Master of Arts - International Relations / This study examines the convergence of events, internationally and domestically, in the last decade that led to Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali challenging U.S. cotton subsidies. It outlines the political and economic context in which West African and American cotton farmers compete. It explores how the West Africans have confronted U.S. policy, why their cause has generated sympathy and interest, whether they are likely to be successful, and the implications of their campaign. The paper draws from analyses of the financial impact of U.S. cotton subsidies, documents filed with the World Trade Organization (WTO), public statements, media coverage, materials from nongovernmental organizations, and interviews with involved parties. It identifies four actors driving this initiative: the cotton farmers, the producers’ unions, the states and the international financial institutions, and their tactics: using the WTO, having many spokespeople with common messages, having powerful allies and using the media.

經濟全球化時代的到來，使得國際間貿易往來日盛，也增長了貿易摩擦之機會。貿易衝突之產生，在於國際貿易保護主義所造成之影響。即便目前國際間以貿易自由化為趨勢，但許多國家仍採取許多措施以達到保護國內經濟之效果，而其中常見的一種方式便是反傾銷措施。反傾銷措施之實行在國家間存在已久，即便在以自由貿易為宗旨的WTO成立後，仍未減少各國採取反傾銷措施之行為，許多國家依舊恣意以反傾銷措施保護國內產業，使得國與國之間爭議不斷。 由27個會員國組成之歐盟在國際貿易間扮演舉足輕重之角色，其立場對國際經濟法規之推行亦有重大影響。歐盟在面對全球化造成的經貿挑戰下，多次運用貿易救濟措施，特別是反傾銷措施以保護歐盟產業，也增加了歐盟與第三國的貿易衝突。 歐盟反傾銷法規仍依據WTO反傾銷法規制定，然而實踐上卻衝突不斷，本文以案例研究方式，針對WTO中相關個案加以分析整理，檢視各案之異同處以及歐盟相關法規在WTO架構下實踐的落差，並試圖釐清影響之關鍵以及提出未來可能的解決之道。

No description available.

<p>Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2000</p>

Background: After 15 years of negotiations and diplomatic struggle, China was finally given the formal approval to join the World Trade Organization as the 143rd member. China has been driving for years to join the WTO since that is a crucial part of its plan to reform its economy and to build the economic modernization. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to gain a general knowledge of China’s economic development, analysis advantages and disadvantages associated with China’s WTO membership as well as to answer the questions addressed. Methodology: This thesis is based on qualitative method, and the information is gathered through the secondary data. Plenty of statistical data is involved in this research, especially economical information, such as market share, rate of economic growth and percentage of foreign investment. Key findings: China's entry into the World Trade Organization is a historic step in the country's process of reform, and it marks a new phase in China's opening up to the outside world. It will encourage China to move in the direction of meeting the demands of the Chinese people for openness, modernization, and healthy development of the national economy. Moreover, it will also contribute to other countries’ economic social, scientific, intellectual, and political life.

<p>The aim of this work is to analyse the current provisions on domestic regulation contained in the GATS, as well as to examine the negotiations on future disciplines currently being worked on by WTO members. In particular it aims to see what impact these rules will have on the licensing of telecoms services. In addition the study seeks to investigate whether, on a proper analysis and understanding of the legal texts on domestic regulation, the claims made by some civil society organisations and NGOs are valid.59<br /> &nbsp / </p>