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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Coagulação, floculação e flotação do efluente de reatores anaeróbios, tratando esgoto sanitário, com aplicação de diferentes dosagens de coagulante em função da variação da turbidez do esgoto afluente ao longo do dia / Coagulation, flocculation and flotation of anaerobic reactor effluents, treating sewage with the employment of different amounts of coagulant, according to the variation in sewage turbidity throughout the day

Ariano, Gustavo Carneiro 11 September 2009 (has links)
Este trabalho avaliou a técnica de dosagem variável de coagulante em função da variação da turbidez do esgoto afluente a sistema de pós-tratamento por flotação do efluente de reatores UASB, localizado em Campinas, SP. Utilizou-se equipamento do tipo Flotateste para a flotação em escala de laboratório, sendo fixados os parâmetros: Tmr = 15 s; Gmr = 800 \'S POT.-1\'; Tfloc = 20 min; Gfloc = 90 \'S POT.-1\'; Psat = 5,00 Bar. Foram estudadas quatro velocidades de flotação (Vf), entre 8 à 20 cm/min. Na fase 1 da pesquisa estudou-se os coagulantes \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\', PAC e \'FE\'Cl IND.3\', sendo determinadas as melhores dosagens para o horário das 12:00 horas. Posteriormente, na segunda fase, foram fixadas as melhores dosagens de cada coagulante e associada dosagens variadas de polímeros catiônico, aniônico e não iônico. Em seguida, na fase 3, foi realizada avaliação temporal, com ensaios realizados em seis diferentes horários do dia, estabelecendo uma razão entre a variação da turbidez afluente com a dosagem de coagulante. Finalmente, na quarta fase, foram aplicados quatro cenários de dosagens em doze horários diferentes ao longo de 24 horas. Para fase 1, verificou-se remoção de SST, DQO e fósforo para as dosagens de \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' (11,77mg \'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 76,5%; 67,6% e 63,9%; PAC (8,45 mg \'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 62,5%; 75,0% e 82,7%; e \'FE\'CL IND.3\' (24,38 mg\'FE\'/L), 60,0%; 55,9% e 90,3%, respectivamente, para Vf = 16 cm/min. Na fase 2, determinou-se como melhor polímero, para ambos coagulantes, o polímero catiônico (PC), sendo associado às melhores dosagens definidas na fase1. Desta maneira na fase 2 verificou-se remoção de SST, DQO e fósforo para as dosagens associadas de \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' + PC (11,77 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,4%, 88,6% e 70,4%; PAC + PC (8,45 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,7%, 62,3% e 88,8%; e \'FE\'CL IND.3\' + PC (24,38 mg\'FE\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 77,3%, 61,6% e 91,6%, respectivamente. O cloreto férrico foi escolhido para ser utilizado nas fases seguintes devido a capacidade de precipitação de sulfeto o qual atingiu concentrações de até 15 mg/L no efluente anaeróbio. Em adição, foram fixadas as dosagens de polímero catiônico em 1,00 mg/L. Assim, para fase 3, a aplicação de dosagem variada entre 12,07 a 25,51 mg\'FE\'/L, para seis diferentes horários resultou em DQO < 50 mg/L e Fósforo < 0,50 mg/L para Vf = 16 cm/min. A aplicação de razão entre a dosagem de \'FE POT.+3\' e a turbidez afluente (RDmT) de 0,463 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (para turbidez < 50 UNT) e 0,244 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (para turbidez >50 UNT) na fase 4, garantiu para todas as velocidades de flotação estudadas turbidez < 15 UNT em 100% dos ensaios. Em adição, ao se realizar correlação entre a concentração de SST no efluente da FAD e a turbidez, chegou-se a conclusão de que este cenário atingiu remoção de lodo próxima a dosagem de \'FE\'CL IND.3\' máxima definidas na fase 3 (74 mg\'FE\'CL IND.3\'/L), com economia de 27,8% no consumo do coagulante. / This study evaluated the variable coagulant dosage technique according to the variation in turbidity of the influent sewage of the post-treatment flotation system of the UASB reactor effluents, located in Campinas, SP. Laboratory scale flotation equipment was used, with fixed parameters: Tmr = 15 s; Gmr = 800 \'S POT.-1\'; Tfloc = 20 min; Gfloc = 90 \'S POT.-1\'; Psat = 5,00 Bar. Four flotation velocities (Vf), between 8 a 20 cm/min, were studied. Phase 1 of the research studied the coagulants \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\', PAC e \'FE\'CL IND.3\', being determined the best dosages for 12:00 pm. In phase 2 the best dosages of each coagulant were fixed and the associated cationic, anionic and nonionic polymer dosages were varied. In phase 3 experiments were taken at six different periods of the day, establishing a ratio between the variation in influent turbidity and coagulant dosage. In the fourth phase, four different dosage scenarios were applied at twelve different periods during a 24 hour day, to verify the best dosage scenario. In phase 1, the removal of TSS, COD and phosphorus was verified to the dosages of \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' (11,77 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 76,5%; 67,6% and 63,9%; PAC (8,45 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 62,5%; 75,0% and 82,7%; and \'FE\'CL IND.3\' (24,38 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L), 60,0%; 55,9% e 90,3%, respectively, for Vf = 16 cm/min. In phase 2 the cationic polymer (PC) was determined to be the best polymer for both coagulants, when applied to the best dosages determined in phase 1. This way, in phase 2 the removal of TSS, COD and phosphorus was verified to the associated dosages of \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' + PC (11,77 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,4%, 88,6% and 70,4%; PAC + PC (8,45 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,7%, 62,3% and 88,8%; and \'FE\'CL IND.3\' + PC (24,38 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 77,3%, 61,6% e 91,6%, respectively. Ferric chloride was chosen in the following phases due to its sulfide precipitation ability, reaching concentrations of up to 15 mg/L in the anaerobic effluent. In addition, the cationic polymer dosages were fixed to 1,00 mg/L. Thus, in phase 3, the dosage, varying between 12,07 to 25,51 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L, applied to six different periods resulted, to Vf = 16 cm/min, in COD < 50 mg/L and phosphorus < 0,50 mg/L. The ratio between the dosage of \'FE POT.+3\' and the influent turbidity (RDmT) of 0,463 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (for turbidities < 50 NTU) and 0,244 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (for turbidities \'< OU =\' 50 NTU) when applied in phase 4, ensured, in 100% of the experiments, turbidity < 15 NTU for the studied flotation velocities. In addition, when correlating the concentration of TSS in FAD effluents with the turbidity, the conclusion was that this scenario reached a sludge removal close to that obtained by the maximum \'FE\'CL IND.3\' dosage defined in phase 3 (74 mg\'FE\'CL IND.3\'/L), with an economy of 27,8% in coagulant consumption.
42

Využití tlakovzdušné flotace pro terciární stupeň čištění odpadních vod / The use of a dissolved air flotation for tertiary stage of wastewater treatment

Čmaradová, Miroslava January 2013 (has links)
The thesis is focused on the area of wastewater treatment. There is a solution possibility of using flotation for the removal of phosphorus precipitates formed during the tertiary treatment of wastewater. The first part is devoted to a general description of wastewater treatment, there is also described as a flotation separation technology and precipitation of phosphorus. The second part is practically oriented. It describes the experimental equipment used for the precipitation of phosphorus and subsequent removal of the precipitate flotation, during the experiment and the results obtained.
43

Biofiltração de compostos orgânicos voláteis e gás sulfídrico em estações de despejos industriais de processamento de hidrocarbonetos. / Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds and hydrogen sulphide in an wastewater treatment plant of processing oil.

Beatrix Nery Villa Martignoni 09 March 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi estudado o tratamento simultâneo por biofiltração de emissões de compostos orgânicos voláteis, COV e gás sulfídrico, H2S, em estações de tratamento de despejos industriais, de refinaria de petróleo, ETDI. A biofiltração dos gases emanados da EDTI mostrou ser uma técnica de alta eficiência, atingindo valores de 95 a 99 % para tratamento simultâneo de COV e H2S em concentrações de 1000 e 100 ppmv, respectivamente. Foram realizados testes em 95 dias consecutivos de operação, em uma planta piloto instalada na Superintendência da Industrialização do Xisto, SIX, em São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, de março a agosto de 2006. O biofiltro foi do tipo fluxo ascendente, com 3,77 m3 de leito orgânico, composto de turfa, carvão ativado, lascas de madeira, serragem brita fina além de outros componentes menores. Foi realizada inoculação biológica com lodo filtrado de estação de tratamento de esgoto sanitário. As vazões de gás aplicadas variaram de 85 a 407 m3/h, resultando em taxas de carga de massa de 11,86 a 193,03 g de COV/h.m3 de leito e tempos de residência de 24 segundos a 6,5 minutos, com tempo ótimo de 1,6 minutos. A capacidade máxima de remoção do sistema encontrada, nas condições testadas, foi de 15 g de COV/h. m3, compatível com os valores encontrados na literatura para depuração biológica de COV na escala praticada. Também foi verificada a redução de componentes específicos de BTX, demonstrando boa degradabilidade dos compostos orgânicos. Finalmente o biofiltro demonstrou boa robustez biológica diante dos desvios operacionais intencionalmente provocados, tais como falta de umidade do leito, baixa temperatura, alta vazão, falta de carga de COV e baixo pH do leito. Depois de retomada a condição de operação estável, a biofiltração rapidamente atingiu o estado de equilíbrio, assegurando o uso eficiente e confiável da técnica no tratamento de gases de EDTI na indústria do hidrocarbonetos ou em refinarias de petróleo. / In this project the biofiltration technique was applied as air pollution control technology to treat simultaneously emissions containing volatile organic compounds, VOC and hydrogen sulfide, H2S, in hydrocarbon processing industries and oil refinery Waste Water Treatment Plant, WWTP. The technique demonstrated high biological efficiency up to 95 and 100 % of simultaneous biofiltration of VOC and H2S, with inicial concentration of 1000 and 100 ppmv, respectively. Tests were conducted at UN-SIX/ Petrobras Oil Shale Processing Unit facilities through 95 consecutives days, from March to August 2006. The chosen reactor model was an up stream system, pilot plant scale with volume of 3.77 m3 of an organic compost media made out a blend of peat, rotten wood chips, activated carbon, lime, among other minor components. The biological inoculation was done with sanitary sludge from WWTP. The pilot plant capacity was able to treat from 85 to 480 m3/h of WWTP off-gas, resulting COV application rate from 11.86 to 193.03 g VOC/ h. m3 of media, and residence time from 24 sec to 6.5 minutes, with optimum value at 1.6 minutes. The system maximum elimination rate was about 15 g VOC/h. m3, value comparable to ones presented in open literature. The specific BTX compounds depuration was observed, demonstrating relevant media specificity to treat organic compounds. Finally the biofiltration systems demonstrated good biological toughness considering the operational provoked upsets, as lack of media bed humidity, low biofiltration temperature, high flow rate, lack of VOC flow and acid pH. After normal operational conditions were retaken all process characteristics and efficiency [was] reached the correspondent values, showing reliable and efficient use of the technique to treat off gases in WWTP of hydrocarbon processing industries and Oil Refineries.
44

Biofiltração de compostos orgânicos voláteis e gás sulfídrico em estações de despejos industriais de processamento de hidrocarbonetos. / Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds and hydrogen sulphide in an wastewater treatment plant of processing oil.

Beatrix Nery Villa Martignoni 09 March 2007 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi estudado o tratamento simultâneo por biofiltração de emissões de compostos orgânicos voláteis, COV e gás sulfídrico, H2S, em estações de tratamento de despejos industriais, de refinaria de petróleo, ETDI. A biofiltração dos gases emanados da EDTI mostrou ser uma técnica de alta eficiência, atingindo valores de 95 a 99 % para tratamento simultâneo de COV e H2S em concentrações de 1000 e 100 ppmv, respectivamente. Foram realizados testes em 95 dias consecutivos de operação, em uma planta piloto instalada na Superintendência da Industrialização do Xisto, SIX, em São Mateus do Sul, Paraná, de março a agosto de 2006. O biofiltro foi do tipo fluxo ascendente, com 3,77 m3 de leito orgânico, composto de turfa, carvão ativado, lascas de madeira, serragem brita fina além de outros componentes menores. Foi realizada inoculação biológica com lodo filtrado de estação de tratamento de esgoto sanitário. As vazões de gás aplicadas variaram de 85 a 407 m3/h, resultando em taxas de carga de massa de 11,86 a 193,03 g de COV/h.m3 de leito e tempos de residência de 24 segundos a 6,5 minutos, com tempo ótimo de 1,6 minutos. A capacidade máxima de remoção do sistema encontrada, nas condições testadas, foi de 15 g de COV/h. m3, compatível com os valores encontrados na literatura para depuração biológica de COV na escala praticada. Também foi verificada a redução de componentes específicos de BTX, demonstrando boa degradabilidade dos compostos orgânicos. Finalmente o biofiltro demonstrou boa robustez biológica diante dos desvios operacionais intencionalmente provocados, tais como falta de umidade do leito, baixa temperatura, alta vazão, falta de carga de COV e baixo pH do leito. Depois de retomada a condição de operação estável, a biofiltração rapidamente atingiu o estado de equilíbrio, assegurando o uso eficiente e confiável da técnica no tratamento de gases de EDTI na indústria do hidrocarbonetos ou em refinarias de petróleo. / In this project the biofiltration technique was applied as air pollution control technology to treat simultaneously emissions containing volatile organic compounds, VOC and hydrogen sulfide, H2S, in hydrocarbon processing industries and oil refinery Waste Water Treatment Plant, WWTP. The technique demonstrated high biological efficiency up to 95 and 100 % of simultaneous biofiltration of VOC and H2S, with inicial concentration of 1000 and 100 ppmv, respectively. Tests were conducted at UN-SIX/ Petrobras Oil Shale Processing Unit facilities through 95 consecutives days, from March to August 2006. The chosen reactor model was an up stream system, pilot plant scale with volume of 3.77 m3 of an organic compost media made out a blend of peat, rotten wood chips, activated carbon, lime, among other minor components. The biological inoculation was done with sanitary sludge from WWTP. The pilot plant capacity was able to treat from 85 to 480 m3/h of WWTP off-gas, resulting COV application rate from 11.86 to 193.03 g VOC/ h. m3 of media, and residence time from 24 sec to 6.5 minutes, with optimum value at 1.6 minutes. The system maximum elimination rate was about 15 g VOC/h. m3, value comparable to ones presented in open literature. The specific BTX compounds depuration was observed, demonstrating relevant media specificity to treat organic compounds. Finally the biofiltration systems demonstrated good biological toughness considering the operational provoked upsets, as lack of media bed humidity, low biofiltration temperature, high flow rate, lack of VOC flow and acid pH. After normal operational conditions were retaken all process characteristics and efficiency [was] reached the correspondent values, showing reliable and efficient use of the technique to treat off gases in WWTP of hydrocarbon processing industries and Oil Refineries.
45

Coagulação, floculação e flotação do efluente de reatores anaeróbios, tratando esgoto sanitário, com aplicação de diferentes dosagens de coagulante em função da variação da turbidez do esgoto afluente ao longo do dia / Coagulation, flocculation and flotation of anaerobic reactor effluents, treating sewage with the employment of different amounts of coagulant, according to the variation in sewage turbidity throughout the day

Gustavo Carneiro Ariano 11 September 2009 (has links)
Este trabalho avaliou a técnica de dosagem variável de coagulante em função da variação da turbidez do esgoto afluente a sistema de pós-tratamento por flotação do efluente de reatores UASB, localizado em Campinas, SP. Utilizou-se equipamento do tipo Flotateste para a flotação em escala de laboratório, sendo fixados os parâmetros: Tmr = 15 s; Gmr = 800 \'S POT.-1\'; Tfloc = 20 min; Gfloc = 90 \'S POT.-1\'; Psat = 5,00 Bar. Foram estudadas quatro velocidades de flotação (Vf), entre 8 à 20 cm/min. Na fase 1 da pesquisa estudou-se os coagulantes \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\', PAC e \'FE\'Cl IND.3\', sendo determinadas as melhores dosagens para o horário das 12:00 horas. Posteriormente, na segunda fase, foram fixadas as melhores dosagens de cada coagulante e associada dosagens variadas de polímeros catiônico, aniônico e não iônico. Em seguida, na fase 3, foi realizada avaliação temporal, com ensaios realizados em seis diferentes horários do dia, estabelecendo uma razão entre a variação da turbidez afluente com a dosagem de coagulante. Finalmente, na quarta fase, foram aplicados quatro cenários de dosagens em doze horários diferentes ao longo de 24 horas. Para fase 1, verificou-se remoção de SST, DQO e fósforo para as dosagens de \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' (11,77mg \'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 76,5%; 67,6% e 63,9%; PAC (8,45 mg \'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 62,5%; 75,0% e 82,7%; e \'FE\'CL IND.3\' (24,38 mg\'FE\'/L), 60,0%; 55,9% e 90,3%, respectivamente, para Vf = 16 cm/min. Na fase 2, determinou-se como melhor polímero, para ambos coagulantes, o polímero catiônico (PC), sendo associado às melhores dosagens definidas na fase1. Desta maneira na fase 2 verificou-se remoção de SST, DQO e fósforo para as dosagens associadas de \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' + PC (11,77 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,4%, 88,6% e 70,4%; PAC + PC (8,45 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,7%, 62,3% e 88,8%; e \'FE\'CL IND.3\' + PC (24,38 mg\'FE\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 77,3%, 61,6% e 91,6%, respectivamente. O cloreto férrico foi escolhido para ser utilizado nas fases seguintes devido a capacidade de precipitação de sulfeto o qual atingiu concentrações de até 15 mg/L no efluente anaeróbio. Em adição, foram fixadas as dosagens de polímero catiônico em 1,00 mg/L. Assim, para fase 3, a aplicação de dosagem variada entre 12,07 a 25,51 mg\'FE\'/L, para seis diferentes horários resultou em DQO < 50 mg/L e Fósforo < 0,50 mg/L para Vf = 16 cm/min. A aplicação de razão entre a dosagem de \'FE POT.+3\' e a turbidez afluente (RDmT) de 0,463 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (para turbidez < 50 UNT) e 0,244 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (para turbidez >50 UNT) na fase 4, garantiu para todas as velocidades de flotação estudadas turbidez < 15 UNT em 100% dos ensaios. Em adição, ao se realizar correlação entre a concentração de SST no efluente da FAD e a turbidez, chegou-se a conclusão de que este cenário atingiu remoção de lodo próxima a dosagem de \'FE\'CL IND.3\' máxima definidas na fase 3 (74 mg\'FE\'CL IND.3\'/L), com economia de 27,8% no consumo do coagulante. / This study evaluated the variable coagulant dosage technique according to the variation in turbidity of the influent sewage of the post-treatment flotation system of the UASB reactor effluents, located in Campinas, SP. Laboratory scale flotation equipment was used, with fixed parameters: Tmr = 15 s; Gmr = 800 \'S POT.-1\'; Tfloc = 20 min; Gfloc = 90 \'S POT.-1\'; Psat = 5,00 Bar. Four flotation velocities (Vf), between 8 a 20 cm/min, were studied. Phase 1 of the research studied the coagulants \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\', PAC e \'FE\'CL IND.3\', being determined the best dosages for 12:00 pm. In phase 2 the best dosages of each coagulant were fixed and the associated cationic, anionic and nonionic polymer dosages were varied. In phase 3 experiments were taken at six different periods of the day, establishing a ratio between the variation in influent turbidity and coagulant dosage. In the fourth phase, four different dosage scenarios were applied at twelve different periods during a 24 hour day, to verify the best dosage scenario. In phase 1, the removal of TSS, COD and phosphorus was verified to the dosages of \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' (11,77 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 76,5%; 67,6% and 63,9%; PAC (8,45 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L), 62,5%; 75,0% and 82,7%; and \'FE\'CL IND.3\' (24,38 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L), 60,0%; 55,9% e 90,3%, respectively, for Vf = 16 cm/min. In phase 2 the cationic polymer (PC) was determined to be the best polymer for both coagulants, when applied to the best dosages determined in phase 1. This way, in phase 2 the removal of TSS, COD and phosphorus was verified to the associated dosages of \'AL IND.2\'(\'SO IND.4\')\'IND.3\' + PC (11,77 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,4%, 88,6% and 70,4%; PAC + PC (8,45 mg\'AL IND.2\'O IND.3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 94,7%, 62,3% and 88,8%; and \'FE\'CL IND.3\' + PC (24,38 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L + 1,00 mg PC/L), 77,3%, 61,6% e 91,6%, respectively. Ferric chloride was chosen in the following phases due to its sulfide precipitation ability, reaching concentrations of up to 15 mg/L in the anaerobic effluent. In addition, the cationic polymer dosages were fixed to 1,00 mg/L. Thus, in phase 3, the dosage, varying between 12,07 to 25,51 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L, applied to six different periods resulted, to Vf = 16 cm/min, in COD < 50 mg/L and phosphorus < 0,50 mg/L. The ratio between the dosage of \'FE POT.+3\' and the influent turbidity (RDmT) of 0,463 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (for turbidities < 50 NTU) and 0,244 mg\'FE POT.+3\'/L.UNT (for turbidities \'< OU =\' 50 NTU) when applied in phase 4, ensured, in 100% of the experiments, turbidity < 15 NTU for the studied flotation velocities. In addition, when correlating the concentration of TSS in FAD effluents with the turbidity, the conclusion was that this scenario reached a sludge removal close to that obtained by the maximum \'FE\'CL IND.3\' dosage defined in phase 3 (74 mg\'FE\'CL IND.3\'/L), with an economy of 27,8% in coagulant consumption.
46

Ocorrência e remoção de contaminantes emergentes por tratamentos convencionais de água e esgoto / Occurrence and removal of emerging contaminants by conventional water and wastewater treatments

Pescara, Igor Cardoso, 1983- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Wilson de Figueiredo Jardim / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:39:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pescara_IgorCardoso_D.pdf: 5286232 bytes, checksum: 74793adc4ea590e2eb8fdeb51a796399 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos tratamentos empregados em cinco estações de tratamento de esgoto (ETE) e duas estações de tratamento de água (ETA) na remoção dos hormônios endógenos estrona (E1), 17?-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), testosterona (TTN) e progesterona (PROG), hormônios sintéticos 17a-etinilestradiol (EE2), dietilestilbestrol (DES), norgestrel (NGT) e mestranol (MEE), produtos de uso industrial bisfenol A (BPA), fenolftaleína (PhPh), n-nonilfenol (nNP), n-octilfenol (nOP) e triclosan (TCS), o fármaco cafeína (CAF) e o pesticida atrazina (ATZ). Foi possível quantificar BPA, E1, E3, CAF e ATZ em esgoto bruto e BPA, E1, CAF e ATZ em água bruta. Para cada composto, tanto os tratamentos realizados pelas ETE quanto os realizados pelas ETA apresentaram eficiências de remoção variáveis. A cafeína foi o composto-alvo mais frequentemente encontrado nas amostras, sendo escolhida como indicador químico para avaliar a eficiência dos tratamentos. Foi encontrada uma taxa média de 99% para a remoção de CAF pelas ETE, sendo as etapas com tratamentos biológicos as mais eficientes. Os tratamentos anaeróbios apresentaram remoções médias superiores a 80% na remoção de CAF, e os tratamentos aeróbios foram capazes de remover cerca de 20% da carga do composto. Nas ETE, os tratamentos de coagulação e desinfecção foram pouco eficientes nas remoções dos compostos-alvo. Já para as ETA, foram observadas remoções de até 80% de CAF pelos tratamentos empregados, sendo a etapa de coagulação a responsável pela maior remoção de CAF da água bruta. A etapa de filtração em carvão ativado apresentou eficiências de remoção menores que 10%, enquanto a desinfecção demonstrou baixa eficiência na remoção de CAF. Na cidade de São José do Rio Preto ¿ SP foi possível quantificar, ao menos uma vez, BPA, E1, E3, PhPh, CAF, TCS e ATZ em água superficial, BPA, TCS e CAF em água subterrânea e BPA, CAF e ATZ em água de abastecimento. / Abstract: Water and wastewater conventional treatments are often considered inefficient to remove micropollutants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the removal efficiency of the endogenous hormones estrone (E1), 17? estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), testosterone (TTN), and progesterone (PROG), the synthetic hormones 17a-ethinylestradiol (EE2), diethylstilbestrol (DES), norgestrel (NGT), and mestranol (MEE), the industrial chemicals bisphenol A (BPA), phenolphthalein (PhPh), n nonylphenol (nNP), n octylphenol (nOP), and triclosan (TCS), the pharmaceutical caffeine (CAF), and the pesticide atrazine (ATZ) by five wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and two drinking water treatment plants (DWTP). The target compounds BPA, E1, E3, CAF, and ATZ were found in raw sewage, while BPA, E1, CAF, and ATZ in raw water. Both WWTP and DWTP treatments presented variable removal efficiency. Caffeine was the target compound more often detected in samples, thus it was chosen as a chemical indicator to evaluate treatment efficiencies. The average removal of CAF by WWTP was 99%, in which the biological treatment was more efficient. The anaerobic treatment presented an average removal of CAF above 80%, and around 20% for the aerobic treatments. Coagulation and disinfection treatments of WWTP showed low efficiency to remove the target compounds. DWTP treatment efficiency reached up to 80% removal, with coagulation step presenting highest removals of CAF. The activated carbon filtration showed removal efficiency under 10%, whereas the disinfection step presented low efficiency to remove CAF. At São José do Rio Preto city were found, at least once, BPA, E1, E3, PhPh, CAF, TCS, and ATZ in surface water; BPA, TCS, and CAF in groundwater, and BPA, CAF, and ATZ in drinking water / Doutorado / Quimica Analitica / Doutor em Ciências
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Intenzifikace stávající čistírny odpadních vod technologií MBR / Upgrading of wastewater treatment plant by means of MBR technology.

Spratková, Aneta January 2019 (has links)
This diploma thesis is focused on the topic of membrane technologies used in wastewater treatment. The research part of the thesis deals with membrane separation of activated sludge, and the focus is on the submerged membrane modules. The thesis contains basic principles of MBR systems, an overview of used membrane modules, modes of operation, advantages and disadvantages of using this process. The practical part of the thesis proposes the intensification of WWTP Perná with using MBR technology. This part includes the technical-economic assessment of the activation WWTP with the third stage of treatment and activation WWTP with MBR.
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Čerpaní kalu v technologii ČOV / Sludge Pumping on WWTP

Fadrný, Tomáš January 2011 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with the best solution design for a sludge fitting, especially focusing on the right choice of pumps for the waste water treatment plant in Prostějov. The pumps were selected for a circulation pipeline, which heats up the sludge. Several measurements were carried out in order to determine the statistical evaluation of the properties of the pumped medium. The figures gained were used to calculate pressure losses.The diploma thesis is divided into two parts. The first part provides a theoretical analysis of the problem and the second part presents the results and subsequently the reasoning for the new selection of pumps in order to change the WWTP technology from the mesophilic to the thermophilic sludge digestion. The test records describing the testing of the individual samples of the pumped sludge are attached.
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Posouzení ročního provozu ČOV Dolní Věstonice / Annual assessment the water treatment plant Dolní Věstonice

Kovář, Jan January 2017 (has links)
The thesis deals with the annual assessment of trial operation of the wastewater treatment plant in Dolní Věstonice. Th e theoretical part focuses on ways wastewater services for municipalities sizes 2001 - 10 000 EO. The following are the most frequently observed indicators which are reported in the current legislation. The practical part is focused on describing the wastewater treatment plant and to assess its condition at the time of trial operation. Calculated parameters of volume and hydraulic loads are then compared with the original proposal in the project documentation. The values of substance loads are compared with current legislation on implementation of runoff. Below are caused failures and problems in the prior operation. A conclusion is determined by energy class watched cleaners in terms of energy consumption.
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AN EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES AND BUSINESS MODEL STRATEGIES : FROM A WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT AND SUPPLIER PERSPECTIVE

Söderbom Olsson, Tobias January 2020 (has links)
Pharmaceutical residues are passing our wastewater treatment plants and flowing out in to the nature. The medical substances are built to affect different processes in our bodies, but also affect other species and increase the risk of developing multi resistant bacterial strains, not curable with antibiotics. This has made wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) interested in investing in pharmaceutical removal. This study describes what criteria that are important to consider when choosing technology for pharmaceutical removal, and presents a model for the WWTPs to use when choosing pharmaceutical removal technology. Secondly, the study presents a reasoning regarding business model concepts. These concepts are presented to aid suppliers of pharmaceutical removal technology, when designing their business models. The method of choice is a qualitative research study based on interviews and document analysis. / Aktiva läkemdelssubstanser passerar idag våra reningsverk oförändrade och rinner ut i naturen. Dessa substanser är tillverkade för att påverka olika biologiska processer i våra kroppar, men de påverkar också andra arter och ökar risken för att utveckla antibiotikaresistenta bakterier som vi inte kan bota oss från. Dessa risker har gjort reningsverk intresserade av att investera i läkemedelsrening. Denna studie beskriver vilka kriterier som är viktiga att överväga vid val av teknik för läkemedelsrening och presenterar sedan en modell som reningsverk kan använda när de väljer teknik för läkemedelsrening. Ett resonemang förs också kring olika affärsmodellskoncept som kan nyttjas av leverantörer av teknik för läkemedelsrening, när de utvecklar sina affärsmodeller. Den valda metoden för studien är baserat på ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt med intervjuer och dokumentanalyser.

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